CN112626042A - 氧化还原酶及其设计、制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
氧化还原酶及其设计、制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112626042A CN112626042A CN202011377613.9A CN202011377613A CN112626042A CN 112626042 A CN112626042 A CN 112626042A CN 202011377613 A CN202011377613 A CN 202011377613A CN 112626042 A CN112626042 A CN 112626042A
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Abstract
本发明公开了氧化还原酶及其设计、制备方法与应用。本发明通过对现有的氧化还原酶进行设计和模块组装,获得新型氧化还原酶,具有良好的有机溶剂耐受性和一定的高温耐受性。本发明操作方便,设备简单,在氧化还原酶的生物催化制备、相关检测试剂制备等领域具有一定的工业应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学技术领域,具体涉及酶的设计与制备。
背景技术
氧化还原酶是六大酶类中所占比重最大的一类,广泛应用于精细化学品和药物的生产、医疗诊断试剂盒、辅酶再生体系、生物感应器以及污染物生物降解等。例如,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)是生物体三羧酸循环的关键酶之一,可用于拆分D,L-苹果酸得到D-苹果酸,可用于合成泛酸、β-内酰胺类抗生素、信息素和生物碱等手性药物。苹果酸脱氢酶在临床诊断中也有着广泛的用途,可用于心肌梗塞、急性实质性肝损伤、肝癌、白血病的早期诊断和鉴别诊断;在谷草转氨酶(AST/GOT)连续监测试剂盒的配制中,必须加入苹果酸脱氢酶作为指示酶反应,以制备的苹果酸脱氢酶和谷草转氨酶配成双酶反应体系。另外,还可以将苹果酸脱氢酶应用于发酵过程中有机酸的检测,如L-苹果酸、醋酸、柠檬酸的检测,可用于测定红酒中的苹果酸含量。又如,苯丙氨酸脱氢酶(PheDH)可催化L-苯丙氨酸氧化脱氨基生成苯丙酮酸,已成为临床检测苯丙酮尿症患儿血液中苯丙氨酸含量的试剂用酶;此外在合成手性化合物方面,苯丙氨酸脱氢酶除了可以催化苯丙酮酸与氨生成芳香族氨基酸外还可催化酮酸与氨生成相应的氨基酸。因此,各类氧化还原酶具有较大的市场应用前景,而获得高效、稳定的氧化还原酶是产业化和应用的关键。
然而,目前氧化还原酶研究内容主要集中于酶的分离鉴定、底物特异性和立体选择性等催化性能,而对其具有工业应用属性的抗逆性能关注较少。目前已报道的高效抗逆氧化还原酶,例如耐有机溶剂、耐热的氧化还原酶较少,现有的苹果酸脱氢酶、苯丙氨酸脱氢酶等氧化还原酶往往对有机溶剂或高温等极端条件的耐受性较差,容易失活,严重制约了氧化还原酶的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,集合目前具有耐受性的氧化还原酶的特点,组装得到能够良好耐受多种有机溶剂等极端环境的氧化还原酶及其应用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之一是:
一种氧化还原酶,所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶。
一种氧化还原酶,所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之二是:
一种氧化还原酶的设计方法,包括:
1)选取至少一个备选酶,对备选酶进行分子动力学模拟,选取所需性质(例如嗜盐、嗜热等性质)最优的一个备选酶作为蛋白组装的主体框架;
2)对备选酶进行结构模块(motif)划分,根据分子动力学结果分类,将结构模块划分为刚性结构模块和柔性结构模块;剔除结构模块中不稳定的氨基酸;对作为主体框架的备选酶中的刚性结构模块进行替换,用于替换的刚性结构模块来自作为主体框架的备选酶或来自其他酶(不限于备选酶);获得多个组装酶;
3)对得到的多个组装酶进行蛋白质模型评估和分子动力学模拟,根据RMSF、RMSD、SASA和R(g)等模拟数据,获得目标酶。
具体地,当所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶时,所述设计方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苹果酸脱氢酶(例如PDB ID:2j5r(以下记为2j5r)、PDB ID:1o6z(以下记为1o6z)、PDB ID:1bmd(以下记为1bmd)、PDB ID:2cvq(以下记为2cvq)、PDBID:1ur5(以下记为1ur5)以及其他依赖NADH的脱氢酶等)作为备选酶,对备选酶进行分子动力学模拟,选取1o6z作为苹果酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;
2)对1o6z进行结构模块(motif)划分,根据分子动力学结果分类,将结构模块划分为刚性结构模块和柔性结构模块;剔除结构模块中不稳定的氨基酸;对1o6z中的刚性结构模块进行替换,将1o6z的25~50号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的7~34号氨基酸,建模得到MDH01;将1o6z的47~76号氨基酸替换为2cvq中的36~68号氨基酸,建模得到MDH02;将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,建模得到MDH03;将1o6z的47~76号氨基酸替换为1bmd蛋白中的34~63号氨基酸,并且将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,建模得到MDH04;
3)对得到的组装酶MDH01、MDH02、MDH03和MDH04进行蛋白质模型评估和分子动力学模拟,根据RMSF、RMSD、SASA和R(g)等模拟数据,获得目标酶MDH03,即为所述氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶。
具体地,当所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶时,所述设计方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶(例如PDB ID:1c1d(以下记为1c1d)以及其他依赖NADH的脱氢酶等)作为备选酶,对备选酶进行分子动力学模拟,选取1c1d作为苯丙氨酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;
2)对1c1d进行结构模块(motif)划分,根据分子动力学结果分类,将结构模块划分为刚性结构模块和柔性结构模块;剔除结构模块中不稳定的氨基酸;对1c1d中的刚性结构模块进行替换,将1c1d的10~30号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1o6z中的264~294号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D01;将1c1d的82~113号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1bmd中的283~319号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D02;将1c1d的257~281号氨基酸替换为1o6z的134~155氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D03;将1c1d的1~30号氨基酸替换为1o6z中的264~294号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D04;
3)对得到的组装酶Phe_1D01、Phe_1D02、Phe_1D03和Phe_1D04进行蛋白质模型评估和分子动力学模拟,根据RMSF、RMSD、SASA和R(g)等模拟数据,获得目标酶Phe_1D03,即为所述氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之三是:
一种氧化还原酶的制备方法,所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的一种耐有机溶剂的苹果酸脱氢酶,制备方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苹果酸脱氢酶1o6z作为苹果酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,得到目标酶;
2)根据目标酶的氨基酸序列,合成如SEQ ID No.2所示的苹果酸脱氢酶基因序列,设计引物,扩增苹果酸脱氢酶基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,得到pET28a-MDH质粒,之后将该pET28a-MDH质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),得到可表达带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a;
3)将所述可表达带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a以1~10%的接种量接种入216L培养基中培养并诱导表达;本发明所选用的菌株为大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a,但本发明的方法不限于此菌株。将培养结束获得的发酵液,离心,洗涤,重悬,获得的细胞用超声破碎后离心,上清液即为粗酶液;对粗酶液进行分离纯化,得到氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶。
一种氧化还原酶的制备方法,所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶,所述制备方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶1c1d作为苯丙氨酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;将1c1d的257~281号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1o6z的134~155氨基酸,得到目标酶;
2)根据目标酶的氨基酸序列,合成如SEQ ID No.4所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶基因序列,设计引物,扩增苯丙氨酸脱氢酶基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,得到pET28a-Phe质粒,之后将该pET28a-Phe质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),得到可表达带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a;
3)将所述可表达带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a以1~10%的接种量接种入216L培养基中培养,诱导表达;培养结束获得的发酵液,收集并破碎细胞,获得粗酶液;对粗酶液进行分离纯化,得到氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNo.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶。
苹果酸脱氢酶或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶对有机溶剂耐受性测定:在平行条件下,向所得苹果酸脱氢酶或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的溶液中分别添加不同的有机溶剂并使各有机溶剂的终浓度至10~30%(v/v),然后构建多种有机溶剂体系酶活性高通量检测平台,即利用酶标仪平行地同时测定加入有不同有机溶剂的体系中苹果酸脱氢酶或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的酶活力,以同时测定不同有机溶剂对苹果酸脱氢酶或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶活性的影响,从而同时得到该苹果酸脱氢酶或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶对不同有机溶剂的耐受性。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之四是:
一种氧化还原酶的催化用途。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,其催化体系包括:将底物和NADH溶解于pH=9~11的甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,接着加入终体积分数为10~30%的助溶剂以促进难溶性底物溶解,使得底物的浓度为10~500mM,然后加入氧化还原酶的酶液至该氧化还原酶浓度为20~4000U/L,于10~80℃并搅拌条件下进行反应,反应时间可以为10~100h。
进一步地,NADH浓度为0.2~40mM。
进一步地,所述苹果酸脱氢酶的浓度为50~150U/L。
进一步优选的,其催化体系包括:将底物L-苹果酸或L-苯丙氨酸和NAD+溶解于pH=9~11的甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,接着加入10~30%的助溶剂,NAD+浓度为0.2~20mM,底物的浓度为10~500mM,然后加入所述苹果酸脱氢酶的酶液或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的酶液至该苹果酸脱氢酶或苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的浓度分别为20~200U/L和50~150U/L,于10~70℃并搅拌条件下进行反应10~100h。
所述助溶剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠、或者有机溶剂如吐温-80、吐温-60、司盘-80、司盘-60、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚、甲苯、二氧六环、石油醚、正戊烷、环戊烷、正己烷、环己烷或正庚烷中的至少一种。更进一步优选的,所述助溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲苯、正戊烷、环戊烷、正己烷或环己烷中的至少一种。
目前现有的对于酶的设计或改进,大部分是通过点突变或者大块组装进行。而本发明基于分子动力学结果对多个具有耐受性的氧化还原酶进行模块划分,提取关键模块,结合氨基酸保守分数,围绕耐盐耐热等抗逆性能对氧化还原酶设计组装,这其中的难点在于如何寻找最合适的模块,获得所需要的性质,并且保证组装后的蛋白结构和性能相容,更重要的是需要考虑组装得到的酶在催化过程中其动态柔性变化是否协调。本发明经过同源建模、分子动力学模拟计算蛋白内部的相互作用和能量传递协同性,并经过实验验证,获得新型的氧化还原酶能够耐受多种有机溶剂和高温环境。
本发明所涉及的设备、试剂、工艺、参数等,除有特别说明外,均为常规设备、试剂、工艺、参数等,不再作实施例。
本发明所列举的所有范围包括该范围内的所有点值。
本发明中,除有特别说明或在领域内有通用意义外,%均为质量百分比。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明通过对获得自菌株Haloarcula marismortui(strain ATCC 43049/DSM3752/JCM 8966/VKM B-1809)的苹果酸脱氢酶作为框架,进行模块组装,获得的重组体苹果酸脱氢酶可在有机溶剂中良好催化苹果酸底物,提高了苹果酸脱氢酶对有机溶剂的耐受性能力。
2、本发明通过对来自Rhodococcus sp.的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶作为框架进行模块组装,获得的重组体苯丙氨酸脱氢酶同样提升了对有机溶剂的耐受性。
3、本发明操作方便,具有产品光学纯度高、收率高等优点,设备简单,在氧化还原酶的生物催化制备、苹果酸的检测试剂、相关临床诊断试剂等领域具有较好的工业应用前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为实施例1中通过I-TASSER同源建模的新型苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的蛋白质3D图,其中着色片段为插入替换的motif片段。
图2为评估实施例1中苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03模型的拉氏图。
图3为实施例1中组装蛋白苹果酸脱氢酶MDH01~MDH04动力学模拟结果性能比较RMSF图。
图4为实施例1中组装蛋白苹果酸脱氢酶MDH01~MDH04动力学模拟结果性能比较RMSD图。
图5为实施例2中苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03与1o6z的模拟数据对比RMSD图。
图6为实施例2中苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03与1o6z的模拟数据对比RMSF图。
图7为实施例2中苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03与1o6z的模拟数据对比SASA图。
图8为实施例2中苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03与1o6z的模拟数据对比R(g)图。
图9用于说明实施例4中有机溶剂对MDH03的影响,其中横坐标为有机溶剂,从左到右依次为甲苯(Toluene)、正丁醇(N-butanol)、环己烷(Cyclohexane)、丙酮(Acetone)、异丙醇(Isopropanol)、二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)。
图10用于说明实施例5中MDH03的最适温度。
图11用于说明实施例6中MDH03的温度耐受性能数据。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例具体说明本发明的内容:
实施例1苹果酸脱氢酶框架的选择及组装
1)提取PDB数据库中的常见具有抗逆性的苹果酸脱氢酶作为备选,其中包括来自Haloarcula marismortui(strain ATCC 43049/DSM 3752/JCM 8966/VKM B-1809)的PDB2j5r和1o6z、来自Thermus thermophilus的PDB 1bmd和2cvq以及来自Chloroflexusaurantiacus(strain ATCC 29366)的PDB 1ur5。依据分子动力学(MD)的模拟结果进行比对,筛选得到实验亲本苹果酸脱氢酶。具体步骤如下:所有的MD模拟使用NAMD 2.13,应用CHARMM36蛋白质分子力场,溶剂分子模型使用TIP3P水分子模型,Na+和Cl-被应用于中和模拟体系的电荷并模拟相应的盐离子浓度。非键结相互作用的计算距离阀值为零值平滑过渡距离为蛋白质和水分子上的氢原子的运动分别应用RATTLE and SETTLE限制其运动。模拟体系应用周期边界条件处理位于边界处原子的受力和能量。长程静电力的计算应用Particle Mesh Ewald(PME)方法,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,每1ps记录一次,生成一个恢复文件(500步记录一次)所有原子坐标到轨迹文件中。每个模拟对象经过200ps能量最小化结构优化。
热稳定计算起始温度48K,以10K进行升温加热至350K为止,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,模拟每10ps记录一次,计算步长为10ps,最后一次升温模拟时长40ps;达到最高温度后,进行降温同样以10K的温度进行降温,降至298K为止,降温计算步长为40ps,最后一次降温模拟步长200ps。
失活计算设置温度为298K,以5K进行升温加热至395K为止,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,模拟每10ps记录一次,计算步长为1000ps,总模拟计算步长为20ns,在失活计算结束后继续时长20ns的平衡计算,温度为上一步升温的395K,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,模拟每10ps记录一次,计算步长为1000ps,总时间为20ns。
2)综合模拟的几项结果发现,PDB 1o6z在高盐浓度下和升温过程中,所展示的耐受性最为优秀。其蛋白质残基偏离平均位置较小,整体蛋白框架呈刚性;原子的运动幅度较于2cvq与1bmd略大,但其回旋半径和溶剂接触面积均最小,因此有理由认为1o6z在10~30%的有机溶剂中耐受性最优,选定其为蛋白组装的主体框架。
3)利用DHcL网站对亲本蛋白进行motif的划分,并根据动力学结果进行分类,建立motif库,将可取的motif划分为刚性和柔性两部分。并依据氨基酸保守分数,剔除不稳定氨基酸,提高motif的稳定性,用于蛋白组装。对motif的序列选择结构相似的刚性motif,对框架蛋白1o6z进行单个的motif替换,将整理好的序列借助I-Tasser建模得到组装后的蛋白结构,重复实施步骤1)中的模拟程序,得到RMSF、RMSD、SASA等模拟数据,筛选得到最佳的组装蛋白。具体组装过程为:将1o6z的25~50号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的7~34号氨基酸,建模得到MDH01;将1o6z的47~76号氨基酸替换为2cvq中的36~68号氨基酸,建模得到MDH02;将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,建模得到MDH03;将1o6z的47~76号氨基酸替换为1bmd蛋白中的34~63号氨基酸,并且将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,从而得到MDH04。
4)将建模得到的步骤3)中的4个蛋白质MDH01~MDH04,进行模型评估和动力学模拟。模型评估通过Ramachandran plot(拉氏图)评估建模蛋白的骨架碳原子的二面角成键的合理性。通常认为90%以上的氨基酸散落在合理区,即可认为模型是正确可信的。MDH01~04分别有97.5%、96.2%、98.6%、96.8%处于合理区,蛋白结构均可信赖,能够进行下一步的动力学模拟。
动力学模拟条件同步骤1),模拟总步长增加至40ns。依据RMSF、RMSD来选定性能最优的组装蛋白。RMSF(Root-mean-square fluctuations)为均方差的涨落,能够代表局部结构的柔性。MDH03较于另外三个组装蛋白残基的整体刚性较强,在高盐环境下维持着稳定的整体结构,仅有局部少数loop结构出现偏离平均位置较多的情况。RMSD(Root-mean-squaredeviation)为均方根偏差的值,可以用来表示与参考值的偏离程度。MDH03在32~40ns区间基本进入平衡态而其余蛋白则在加热结束后的平衡态模拟中,一直未能达到稳态,说明对高温和高盐浓度的耐受性较差。
实施例2苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03与1o6z的性能比对
MDH03与1o6z进行完整的分子动力学模拟分别包括0.1M、1.5M、3M盐浓度,模拟的具体步骤同实施例1中的步骤1),比较两者的RMSF、RMSD、SASA、R(g)等数据。如图5,从RMSD数据可以看出MDH03的RMSD值较于1O6Z在30ns前偏高,但在30ns之后能够达到一个更加稳定的状态。如图6,从RMSF数据可以看出MDH03部分区域的RMSF值随着盐浓度的上升逐渐下降,与1O6Z的对应区域数据相差无几,例如111~150,225~280。另外在替换motif后于1O6Z的RMSF峰值区域,氨基酸相互作用网络发生变化,峰值有所下降,加强了该motif部分的刚性。1O6Z的RMSF均值为而在改造完后的MDH03的RMSF均值为溶剂可及性表面积(SASA)(图7)和回旋半径(R(g))(图8)一起分析可以看出MDH03的回旋半径值随着盐浓度上升,有明显的下降,从0.1M的左右到1.5M的再到3M下的说明蛋白在发生结构的收缩,并且SASA值也呈现对应的减小趋势。综合以上的模拟数据可以证明MDH03对高盐高温环境的耐受性有了明显的提升。
实施例3苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的合成与培养
1)基因合成和工程菌构建:苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示。全基因合成苹果酸脱氢酶基因序列(如SEQ ID No.2所示),设计引物,扩增基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,之后将该质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)。具体包括:采用PCR法构建5’端和3’端分别带有NdeI和Xhol酶切位点的苹果酸脱氢酶基因,PCR合成过程由上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司完成。PCR扩增产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定后,胶回收MDH基因片段,用NdeI和XhoI酶切酶进行双酶切,回收酶切产物,与同样双酶切的pET-28a质粒(带有His-tag标签)进行连接,连接好的质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),得到pET28a-MDH质粒。将上述质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3),得到可表达带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a。
2)菌株培养:重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母浸膏,10g/LNaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在25℃、200rpm条件下培养12小时。
3)粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用磷酸缓冲液(pH=7~7.4)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次,用磷酸缓冲液(pH 7~7.4)配制成浓度为50~150g/L的细胞悬液。将制备的细胞悬液置于冰浴中,利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声3秒,间隔6秒,超声80次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为含有带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的粗酶液。
4)苹果酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱(HistrapTM HP,5mL)对步骤7)得到的粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为纯化的带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的纯酶溶液。
5)酶活力检测:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH9.5),助溶剂为20%的异丙醇,40mM底物草酰乙酸(OAA)和20mg/mL酶,37℃下反应,340nm波长下测定酶活。酶活力定义为在上述条件下,每分钟氧化消耗(或生成)1μmol NADH所需要的酶量为一个酶活力单位。
酶活力单位(U/mL)=(VT×ΔA×K)/(ε×VS×L)
其中VT:反应液总体积;VS:样品体积;ΔA:每分钟吸光度变化值;K:样品稀释倍数;ε:摩尔吸光系数(ε=6.22L/mmol/cm);L:光程。
用考马斯亮蓝法测量相应蛋白浓度(mg/mL),测定酶活为0.192U/mg。
实施例4苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的有机溶剂耐受性测试
对实施例3中得到的MDH03进行有机溶剂耐受性测试。有机溶剂主要为甲苯、正丁醇、环己烷、丙酮、异丙醇、二甲亚砜。
1)菌株的培养:同实施例3步骤2);
2)粗酶液的制备:同实施例3步骤3);
3)苹果酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:同实施例3步骤4);
4)有机溶剂对酶活性和稳定性影响测定:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 9.5),40mM底物草酰乙酸(OAA)和20mg/mL酶。在平行条件下,在酶液中分别添加不同有机溶剂(甲苯、正丁醇、环己烷、丙酮、异丙醇、二甲亚砜等),使各有机溶剂的终浓度至30%(v/v),测定剩余酶活力,从而测定不同有机溶剂对苹果酸脱氢酶的影响,以添加等量的0.2mol/L NH4Cl-NH3·H2O(pH 9.5)作为对照。
结果如图9所示,组装得到的MDH03苹果酸脱氢酶对30%的甲苯,10%的环己烷,30%的丙酮和30%的二甲亚砜具有良好的耐受性,并且在以上有机溶剂中对酶活有一定的提升。此外,MDH03在其他有机溶剂中也展现出来一定的耐受性。
实施例5苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的最适温度的检测
苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的最适温度的测定。
1)菌株的培养:同实施例3步骤2);
2)粗酶液的制备:同实施例3步骤3);
3)苹果酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:同实施例3步骤4);
4)温度对酶活性和稳定性影响测定:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 9.5),40mM底物草酰乙酸(OAA)和20mg/mL酶,不同温度下,340nm波长下测定酶活。在平行条件下,将酶液分别置于30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃的环境中,静置30分钟后取出酶液,测定酶活力,从而测定不同温度对苹果酸脱氢酶的影响。
结果如图10所示,组装得到的MDH03苹果酸脱氢酶在50℃~55℃之间,具有最高的酶活。
实施例6苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03的温度耐受性测试
苹果酸脱氢酶MDH03在最适温度下的耐受性测试。
1)菌株的培养:同实施例3步骤2);
2)粗酶液的制备:同实施例3步骤3);
3)苹果酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:同实施例3步骤4);
4)温度对酶活性和稳定性影响测定:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 9.5),40mM底物草酰乙酸(OAA)和20mg/mL酶,不同温度下,340nm波长下测定酶活。在平行条件下,将酶液置于50℃的环境中,静置30分钟后取出酶液,测定酶活力,从而测定苹果酸脱氢酶对高温环境的耐受性。
结果如图11所示,组装得到的MDH03苹果酸脱氢酶在50℃的条件下,能够保持60%以上的酶活长达2.5小时。
实施例7苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的组装及制备
1)选定实验室中存有的L-苯丙氨酸脱氢酶,来自Rhodococcus sp.的PDB 1c1d。对1c1d进行分子动力学模拟,具体步骤如下:所有的MD模拟使用NAMD 2.13,应用CHARMM36蛋白质分子力场,溶剂分子模型使用TIP3P水分子模型,Na+和Cl-被应用于中和模拟体系的电荷并模拟相应的盐离子浓度。非键结相互作用的计算距离阀值为零值平滑过渡距离为蛋白质和水分子上的氢原子的运动分别应用RATTLE and SETTLE限制其运动。模拟体系应用周期边界条件处理位于边界处原子的受力和能量。长程静电力的计算应用Particle Mesh Ewald(PME)方法,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,每1ps记录一次,生成一个恢复文件(500步记录一次)所有原子坐标到轨迹文件中。
每个模拟蛋白会经过固定的能量最小化和加热退火步骤。能量最小化结构优化步长200ps,随后进行加热退火。固定起始温度48K,以10K进行升温加热至350K为止,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,模拟每10ps记录一次,计算步长为10ps,最后一次升温模拟时长40ps;达到最高温度后,进行降温同样以10K的温度进行降温,降至298K为止,降温计算步长为40ps,最后一次降温模拟步长200ps。随后进行最后一步加热平衡计算,设置温度为298K,以5K进行升温加热至395K为止,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,模拟每10ps记录一次,计算步长为500ps,模拟计算时长为20ns。在加热结束后延续当前状态进行时长20ns的平衡计算,温度为升温结束时的395K,模拟单位步长为2fs/step,模拟每10ps记录一次,计算步长为1000ps,时长为20ns。最后一步加热平衡计算总时长40ns。
2)通过模拟结果发现,PDB 1c1d在高盐浓度下和升温过程中,耐受性较弱。其蛋白质残基偏离平均位置较大;原子的运动幅度略大;回旋半径和溶剂接触面积均呈现上升趋势。选择1c1d作为组装蛋白,通过适当替换部分motif的方法,强化1c1d的耐受性。
3)将DHcL网站划分好的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的motif,剔除不稳定氨基酸,提高motif的稳定性,用于1c1d的组装。对motif的序列选择结构相似的刚性motif,对框架蛋白进行单个的motif替换,将整理好的序列借助I-Tasser建模得到组装后的蛋白结构,重复实施步骤1)中的模拟程序,得到RMSF、RMSD、SASA等模拟数据,筛选得到最佳的组装蛋白。组装过程为:将1c1d的10~30号氨基酸替换为1o6z中的264~294号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D01;将1c1d的82~113号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的283~319号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D02;将1c1d的257~281号氨基酸替换为1o6z的134~155氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D03;将1c1d的1~30号氨基酸替换为1o6z中的264~294号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D04。
4)将建模得到的步骤3)中的4个蛋白质Phe_1D01~Phe_1D04,进行模型评估和动力学模拟。动力学模拟条件同步骤1),模拟总步长为40ns。综合模型评估(拉氏图)和动力学模拟数据(RMSF、RMSD、SASA、R(g))最终选定Phe_1D03进行基因合成。
5)基因合成和工程菌构建:苯丙氨酸脱氢酶Phe_1D03的氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNo.3所示。全基因合成苯丙氨酸脱氢酶基因序列(如SEQ ID No.4所示),设计引物,扩增基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,之后将该质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)。具体包括:采用PCR法构建5’端和3’端分别带有NdeI和Xhol酶切位点的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶基因,PCR合成过程由上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司完成。PCR扩增产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定后,胶回收PheDH基因片段,用NdeI和XhoI酶切酶进行双酶切,回收酶切产物,与同样双酶切的pET-28a质粒(带有His-tag标签)进行连接,连接好的质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),得到pET28a-Phe质粒。将上述质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3),得到可表达带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a。
6)菌株培养:重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母浸膏,10g/LNaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在25℃、200rpm条件下培养12小时。
7)粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用磷酸缓冲液(pH=7~7.4)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次,用磷酸缓冲液(pH 7~7.4)配制成浓度为50~150g/L的细胞悬液。将制备的细胞悬液置于冰浴中,利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声3秒,间隔6秒,超声80次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为含有带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的粗酶液。
8)苯丙氨酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱(HistrapTM HP,5mL)对步骤7)得到的粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为纯化的如图2所示的带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的纯酶溶液。
9)酶活力检测:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/L NH4Cl-NH3·H2O(pH9.5),40mM底物2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯(EOPB)和20mg/mL酶,37℃下反应,340nm波长下测定酶活。酶活力定义为在上述条件下,每分钟氧化消耗(或生成)1μmol NADH所需要的酶量为一个酶活力单位。
实施例8苯丙氨酸脱氢酶Phe_1D03的有机溶剂耐受性测试
对实施例7中得到的Phe_1D03进行有机溶剂耐受性。有机溶剂主要为甲醇、正丁醇、乙腈、二甲基亚砜、甲苯、异丙醇。
1)菌株的培养:同实施例7步骤6);
2)粗酶液的制备:同实施例7步骤7);
3)苯丙氨酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:同实施例7步骤8);
4)有机溶剂对酶活性和稳定性影响测定:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/LNH4Cl-NH3·H2O(pH 9.5),40mM EOPB和20mg/mL酶。在平行条件下,在酶液中分别添加不同有机溶剂(甲醇、正丁醇、乙腈、二甲基亚砜、甲苯、异丙醇等),使各有机溶剂的终浓度至30%(v/v),测定剩余酶活力,从而测定不同有机溶剂对苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的影响,以添加等量的0.2mol/L NH4Cl-NH3·H2O溶液作为对照。
组装得到的Phe_1D03苯丙氨酸脱氢酶对30%甲醇、乙腈和正丁醇具有良好的耐受性,并且在以上有机溶剂中对酶活分别提升12%、25%和33%。
实施例9苯丙氨酸脱氢酶Phe_1D03的最适温度的检测
苯丙氨酸脱氢酶Phe_1D03的最适温度的测定。
1)菌株的培养:同实施例7步骤6);
2)粗酶液的制备:同实施例7步骤7);
3)苯丙氨酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:同实施例7步骤8);
4)温度对酶活性和稳定性影响测定:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/LNH4Cl-NH3·H2O(pH 9.5),40mM EOPB和20mg/mL酶,不同温度下,340nm波长下测定酶活。在平行条件下,将酶液分别置于30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃的环境中,静置30分钟后取出酶液,测定酶活力,从而测定不同温度对苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的影响。
组装得到的Phe_1D03苯丙氨酸脱氢酶最适温度为55℃之间,具有最高的酶活。
实施例10苯丙氨酸脱氢酶Phe_1D03的温度耐受性测试
苯丙氨酸脱氢酶Phe_1D03在最适温度下的耐受性测试。
1)菌株的培养:同实施例7步骤6);
2)粗酶液的制备:同实施例7步骤7);
3)苯丙氨酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:同实施例7步骤8);
4)温度对酶活性和稳定性影响测定:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/LNH4Cl-NH3·H2O(pH 9.5),40mM EOPB和20mg/ml酶,不同温度下,340nm波长下测定酶活。在平行条件下,将酶液置于50℃的环境中,静置30分钟后取出酶液,测定酶活力,从而测定苯丙氨酸脱氢酶对高温环境的耐受性。酶活性保持最初活性的95%,说明该酶具有较好的温度稳定性。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
序列表
<110> 厦门大学
<120> 氧化还原酶及其设计、制备方法与应用
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 305
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
Thr Lys Val Ser Val Val Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr Val Gly Ala Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Gly Tyr Asn Ile Ala Leu Arg Asp Ile Ala Asp Glu Val Val Phe Val
20 25 30
Asp Ile Pro Asp Lys Glu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Gln Ala Ala Asp Thr
35 40 45
Asn His Gly Ile Ala Tyr Asp Ser Asn Thr Arg Val Arg Gln Gly Gly
50 55 60
Tyr Glu Asp Thr Ala Gly Ser Asp Val Val Val Ile Thr Ala Gly Ile
65 70 75 80
Pro Arg Gln Pro Gly Gln Thr Arg Ile Asp Leu Ala Gly Asp Asn Ala
85 90 95
Pro Ile Met Glu Asp Ile Gln Ser Ser Leu Asp Glu His Asn Asp Asp
100 105 110
Tyr Ile Ser Leu Thr Thr Ser Asn Pro Val Asp Leu Leu Asn Arg His
115 120 125
Leu Tyr Glu Ala Gly Asp Arg Ser Arg Glu Gln Val Ile Gly Phe Gly
130 135 140
Gly Arg Leu Asp His Asn Arg Ala Lys Ala Gln Leu Ala Lys Lys Thr
145 150 155 160
Gly Thr Gly Val Asp Arg Ile Arg Arg Met Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Glu
165 170 175
His Gly Asp Ala Gln Val Pro Val Phe Ser Lys Val Ser Val Asp Gly
180 185 190
Thr Asp Pro Glu Phe Ser Gly Asp Glu Lys Glu Gln Leu Leu Gly Asp
195 200 205
Leu Gln Glu Ser Ala Met Asp Val Ile Glu Arg Lys Gly Ala Thr Glu
210 215 220
Trp Gly Pro Ala Arg Gly Val Ala His Met Val Glu Ala Ile Leu His
225 230 235 240
Asp Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Pro Ala Ser Val Lys Leu Glu Gly Glu Phe
245 250 255
Gly His Glu Asp Thr Ala Phe Gly Val Pro Val Ser Leu Gly Ser Asn
260 265 270
Gly Val Glu Glu Ile Val Glu Trp Asp Leu Asp Asp Tyr Glu Gln Asp
275 280 285
Leu Met Ala Asp Ala Ala Glu Lys Leu Ser Asp Gln Tyr Asp Lys Ile
290 295 300
Ser
305
<210> 2
<211> 915
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
accaaagttt ctgttgttgg tgctgctggt accgttggtg ctgctgctgg ttacaacatc 60
gctctgcgtg acatcgctga cgaagttgtt ttcgttgaca tcccggacaa agaagacgac 120
accgttggtc aggctgctga caccaaccac ggtatcgctt acgactctaa cacccgtgtt 180
cgtcagggtg gttacgaaga caccgctggt tctgacgttg ttgttatcac cgctggtatc 240
ccgcgtcagc cgggtcagac ccgtatcgac ctggctggtg acaacgctcc gatcatggaa 300
gacatccagt cttctctgga cgaacacaac gacgactaca tctctctgac cacctctaac 360
ccggttgacc tgctgaaccg tcacctgtac gaagctggtg accgttctcg tgaacaggtt 420
atcggtttcg gtggtcgtct ggaccacaac cgtgctaaag ctcagctggc taaaaaaacc 480
ggtaccggtg ttgaccgtat ccgtcgtatg accgttatcc tgggtgaaca cggtgacgct 540
caggttccgg ttttctctaa agtttctgtt gacggtaccg acccggaatt ctctggtgac 600
gaaaaagaac agctgctggg tgacctgcag gaatctgcta tggacgttat cgaacgtaaa 660
ggtgctaccg aatggggtcc ggctcgtggt gttgctcaca tggttgaagc tatcctgcac 720
gacaccggtg aagttctgcc ggcttctgtt aaactggaag gtgaattcgg tcacgaagac 780
accgctttcg gtgttccggt ttctctgggt tctaacggtg ttgaagaaat cgttgaatgg 840
gacctggacg actacgaaca ggacctgatg gctgacgctg ctgaaaaact gtctgaccag 900
tacgacaaaa tctct 915
<210> 3
<211> 419
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
Ala Asp Pro Tyr Glu Ile Val Ile Lys Gln Leu Glu Arg Ala Ala Gln
1 5 10 15
Tyr Met Glu Ile Ser Glu Glu Ala Leu Glu Phe Leu Lys Arg Asp Thr
20 25 30
Gly Glu Val Leu Pro Ala Ser Val Lys Leu Glu Gly Glu Phe Gly His
35 40 45
Glu Asp Thr Ala Phe Gly Val Pro Val Ser Leu Gly Asn Trp Ala Arg
50 55 60
Gly Pro Thr Lys Gly Gly Ile Arg Trp His Pro Glu Glu Thr Leu Ser
65 70 75 80
Thr Val Lys Ala Leu Ala Ala Trp Met Thr Trp Lys Thr Ala Val Met
85 90 95
Asp Leu Pro Tyr Gly Gly Gly Lys Gly Gly Ile Ile Val Asp Pro Lys
100 105 110
Lys Leu Ser Asp Arg Glu Lys Glu Arg Leu Ala Arg Gly Tyr Ile Arg
115 120 125
Ala Ile Tyr Asp Val Ile Ser Pro Tyr Glu Asp Ile Pro Ala Pro Asp
130 135 140
Val Tyr Thr Asn Pro Gln Ile Met Ala Trp Met Met Asp Glu Tyr Glu
145 150 155 160
Thr Ile Ser Arg Arg Lys Thr Pro Ala Phe Gly Ile Ile Thr Gly Lys
165 170 175
Pro Leu Ser Ile Gly Gly Ser Leu Gly Arg Ile Glu Ala Thr Ala Arg
180 185 190
Gly Ala Ser Tyr Thr Ile Arg Glu Ala Ala Lys Val Leu Gly Trp Asp
195 200 205
Thr Leu Lys Gly Lys Thr Ile Ala Ile Gln Gly Tyr Gly Asn Ala Gly
210 215 220
Tyr Tyr Leu Ala Lys Ile Met Ser Glu Asp Phe Gly Met Lys Val Val
225 230 235 240
Ala Val Ser Asp Ser Lys Gly Gly Ile Tyr Asn Pro Asp Gly Leu Asn
245 250 255
Ala Asp Glu Val Leu Lys Trp Lys Asn Glu His Gly Ser Val Lys Asp
260 265 270
Phe Pro Gly Ala Thr Asn Ile Thr Asn Glu Glu Leu Leu Glu Leu Glu
275 280 285
Val Asp Val Leu Ala Pro Ala Ala Ile Glu Glu Val Ile Thr Lys Lys
290 295 300
Asn Ala Asp Asn Ile Lys Ala Lys Ile Val Ala Glu Val Ala Asn Gly
305 310 315 320
Pro Val Thr Pro Glu Ala Asp Glu Ile Leu Phe Glu Lys Gly Ile Leu
325 330 335
Gln Ile Pro Asp Phe Leu Cys Asn Ala Gly Gly Val Thr Val Ser Tyr
340 345 350
Phe Glu Trp Val Gln Asn Ile Thr Gly Tyr Tyr Trp Thr Ile Glu Glu
355 360 365
Val Arg Glu Arg Leu Asp Lys Lys Met Thr Lys Ala Phe Tyr Asp Val
370 375 380
Tyr Asn Ile Ala Lys Glu Lys Asn Ile His Met Arg Asp Ala Ala Tyr
385 390 395 400
Val Val Ala Val Gln Arg Val Tyr Gln Ala Met Leu Asp Arg Gly Trp
405 410 415
Val Lys His
<210> 4
<211> 1257
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
gccgacccct acgagatcgt gatcaagcag ctggagaggg ccgcccagta catggagatc 60
agcgaggagg ccctggagtt cctgaagagg gacaccggcg aggtgctgcc cgccagcgtg 120
aagctggagg gcgagttcgg ccacgaggac accgccttcg gcgtgcccgt gagcctgggc 180
aactgggcca ggggccccac caagggcggc atcaggtggc accccgagga gaccctgagc 240
accgtgaagg ccctggccgc ctggatgacc tggaagaccg ccgtgatgga cctgccctac 300
ggcggcggca agggcggcat catcgtggac cccaagaagc tgagcgacag ggagaaggag 360
aggctggcca ggggctacat cagggccatc tacgacgtga tcagccccta cgaggacatc 420
cccgcccccg acgtgtacac caacccccag atcatggcct ggatgatgga cgagtacgag 480
accatcagca ggaggaagac ccccgccttc ggcatcatca ccggcaagcc cctgagcatc 540
ggcggcagcc tgggcaggat cgaggccacc gccaggggcg ccagctacac catcagggag 600
gccgccaagg tgctgggctg ggacaccctg aagggcaaga ccatcgccat ccagggctac 660
ggcaacgccg gctactacct ggccaagatc atgagcgagg acttcggcat gaaggtggtg 720
gccgtgagcg acagcaaggg cggcatctac aaccccgacg gcctgaacgc cgacgaggtg 780
ctgaagtgga agaacgagca cggcagcgtg aaggacttcc ccggcgccac caacatcacc 840
aacgaggagc tgctggagct ggaggtggac gtgctggccc ccgccgccat cgaggaggtg 900
atcaccaaga agaacgccga caacatcaag gccaagatcg tggccgaggt ggccaacggc 960
cccgtgaccc ccgaggccga cgagatcctg ttcgagaagg gcatcctgca gatccccgac 1020
ttcctgtgca acgccggcgg cgtgaccgtg agctacttcg agtgggtgca gaacatcacc 1080
ggctactact ggaccatcga ggaggtgagg gagaggctgg acaagaagat gaccaaggcc 1140
ttctacgacg tgtacaacat cgccaaggag aagaacatcc acatgaggga cgccgcctac 1200
gtggtggccg tgcagagggt gtaccaggcc atgctggaca ggggctgggt gaagcac 1257
Claims (10)
1.一种氧化还原酶,其特征在于:所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶,或为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶。
2.一种氧化还原酶的设计方法,其特征在于:包括:
1)选取至少一个备选酶,对备选酶进行分子动力学模拟,选取所需性质最优的一个备选酶作为蛋白组装的主体框架;
2)对备选酶进行结构模块划分,根据分子动力学结果分类,将结构模块划分为刚性结构模块和柔性结构模块;剔除结构模块中不稳定的氨基酸;对作为主体框架的备选酶中的刚性结构模块进行替换,获得多个组装酶;
3)对得到的多个组装酶进行蛋白质模型评估和分子动力学模拟,获得目标酶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的氧化还原酶的设计方法,其特征在于:所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶,所述设计方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苹果酸脱氢酶作为备选酶,对备选酶进行分子动力学模拟,选取1o6z作为苹果酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;
2)对1o6z进行结构模块划分,根据分子动力学结果分类,将结构模块划分为刚性结构模块和柔性结构模块;剔除结构模块中不稳定的氨基酸;对1o6z中的刚性结构模块进行替换,将1o6z的25~50号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的7~34号氨基酸,建模得到MDH01;将1o6z的47~76号氨基酸替换为2cvq中的36~68号氨基酸,建模得到MDH02;将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,建模得到MDH03;将1o6z的47~76号氨基酸替换为1bmd蛋白中的34~63号氨基酸,并且将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,建模得到MDH04;
3)对得到的组装酶MDH01、MDH02、MDH03和MDH04进行蛋白质模型评估和分子动力学模拟,获得目标酶MDH03,即为所述氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶。
4.根据权利要求2所述的氧化还原酶的设计方法,其特征在于:所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶,所述设计方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶作为备选酶,对备选酶进行分子动力学模拟,选取1c1d作为苯丙氨酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;
2)对1c1d进行结构模块划分,根据分子动力学结果分类,将结构模块划分为刚性结构模块和柔性结构模块;剔除结构模块中不稳定的氨基酸;对1c1d中的刚性结构模块进行替换,将1c1d的10~30号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1o6z中的264~294号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D01;将1c1d的82~113号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1bmd中的283~319号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D02;将1c1d的257~281号氨基酸替换为1o6z的134~155氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D03;将1c1d的1~30号氨基酸替换为1o6z中的264~294号氨基酸,建模得到Phe_1D04;
3)对得到的组装酶Phe_1D01、Phe_1D02、Phe_1D03和Phe_1D04进行蛋白质模型评估和分子动力学模拟,获得目标酶Phe_1D03,即为所述氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶。
5.一种权利要求1所述的氧化还原酶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶,所述制备方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苹果酸脱氢酶1o6z作为苹果酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;将1o6z的164~190号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1bmd中的159~182号氨基酸,得到目标酶;
2)根据目标酶的氨基酸序列,合成如SEQ ID No.2所示的苹果酸脱氢酶基因序列,设计引物,扩增苹果酸脱氢酶基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,得到pET28a-MDH质粒,之后将该pET28a-MDH质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),得到可表达带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a;
3)将所述可表达带His-tag标签的苹果酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a以1~10%的接种量接种入216L培养基中培养,诱导表达;培养结束获得的发酵液,收集并破碎细胞,获得粗酶液;对粗酶液进行分离纯化,得到氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示的苹果酸脱氢酶。
6.一种权利要求1所述的氧化还原酶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述氧化还原酶为氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶,所述制备方法包括:
1)选取PDB数据库中的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶1c1d作为苯丙氨酸脱氢酶蛋白组装的主体框架;将1c1d的257~281号氨基酸替换为PDB数据库中的1o6z的134~155氨基酸,得到目标酶;
2)根据目标酶的氨基酸序列,合成如SEQ ID No.4所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶基因序列,设计引物,扩增苯丙氨酸脱氢酶基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,得到pET28a-Phe质粒,之后将该pET28a-Phe质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),得到可表达带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coliBL21(DE3)/pET28a;
3)将所述可表达带His-tag标签的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的重组表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a以1~10%的接种量接种入216L培养基中培养,诱导表达;培养结束获得的发酵液,收集并破碎细胞,获得粗酶液;对粗酶液进行分离纯化,得到氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNo.3所示的苯丙氨酸脱氢酶。
7.一种权利要求1所述的氧化还原酶的催化用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于:所述催化的体系包括:底物和NADH溶解于pH 9~11的甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,还包括体积分数为10~30%的助溶剂,底物的浓度为10~500mM,氧化还原酶浓度为20~4000U/L,于10~80℃并搅拌条件下进行反应。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于:所述催化的体系还包括:NADH浓度为0.2~40mM,所述苹果酸脱氢酶的浓度为50~150U/L。
10.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于:所述助溶剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温-80、吐温-60、司盘-80、司盘-60、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚、甲苯、二氧六环、石油醚、正戊烷、环戊烷、正己烷、环己烷或正庚烷中的至少一种。
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