CN112621126B - Welding process of nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe - Google Patents
Welding process of nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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Abstract
The invention provides a welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe, which comprises the following steps of: s1, processing the carbon steel plate into a steel pipe with a longitudinal seam through a JCO bending process, controlling the gap of the welding seam to be 0.5-5 mm in the seam closing process, and waiting to weld; s2, placing the welding flux liner with the air bag in the steel pipe, inflating the air bag to enable the welding flux to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the longitudinal weld of the steel pipe, and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the outer longitudinal weld of the steel pipe; and S3, turning over the steel pipe, and performing submerged arc welding on the inner wall of the longitudinal joint of the steel pipe by using an inner longitudinal joint submerged arc welding machine to complete welding of the longitudinal joint. The welding process solves the problem that the current welding line grade does not reach the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe.
Background
The welded steel pipe is also called as welded pipe, and is made up by using steel plate or band steel through the processes of coiling and forming and welding.
The blank material used for welding the steel pipe is steel plate or strip steel, and is divided into furnace welded pipe, electric welding (resistance welding) pipe and automatic arc welded pipe according to different welding processes. The welding mode is divided into a straight welded pipe and a spiral welded pipe. The end shapes of the welding tube are divided into a round welding tube and a special-shaped (square, flat and the like) welding tube.
In the processing of nuclear-grade carbon steel roll-welded pipes, the required quality assurance grade is Q2, the nuclear safety grade is Q3, and the steel pipe welding seam is grade 1. At present, the welding seam of the steel pipe is generally welded by three methods: the method 1, the inside of the steel pipe is formed by a single-side welding and double-side forming method of submerged arc welding outside an air bag gasket; method 2, manual CO2-Ar mixed gas shielded welding bottoming outside the pipe, submerged arc welding inside the pipe, carbon arc gouging back gouging (removing the gas shielded welding bottoming layer), and finally submerged arc welding on the front side; and 3, firstly carrying out submerged-arc welding in the pipe, and then carrying out submerged-arc welding outside the pipe. The existing defects are as follows: in the method 1, the welding seam can not ensure complete penetration, when the current is too large, the base material can be burnt through, and welding beading is formed on the back surface; or when the current is proper, the root is badly formed due to the uneven distribution of the welding flux pad on the local back, and the defects of unfused root and the like can be detected by ray inspection (RT); in the method 2, in addition to manual work for backing up and back chipping, the polishing workload is large in carbon arc gouging back chipping, and carbon is easy to clamp in a welding seam, so that the impact toughness of the welding seam is reduced, and the quality of the welding seam is influenced; in the method 3, the bottom of the submerged arc welding in the pipe is not provided with a liner, the air at the bottom is heated during welding and boils out of a molten pool, and partial air which is not separated out can generate air holes at the upper part and the surface of a welding seam.
In addition, in the process of submerged arc welding, common defects include poor weld surface forming, undercut, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, slag inclusion, pores, cracks, burnthrough and the like, so that the problem that the welding requirement can be met is solved, and the carbon steel coil welded pipe of the nuclear-grade pipeline with 100% of first-grade weld seams is needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe, which solves the problem that the current welding line grade does not reach the standard.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, processing the carbon steel plate into a steel pipe with a longitudinal seam through a JCO bending process, controlling the gap of the welding seam to be 0.5-5 mm in the seam closing process, and waiting to weld;
s2, placing the welding flux liner with the air bag in the steel pipe, inflating the air bag to enable the welding flux to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the longitudinal weld of the steel pipe, and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the outer longitudinal weld of the steel pipe;
and S3, turning over the steel pipe, and performing submerged arc welding on the inner wall of the longitudinal joint of the steel pipe by using an inner longitudinal joint submerged arc welding machine to complete welding of the longitudinal joint.
Further, in step S1, the JCO bending process includes: pressing one half of the steel plate into a J shape, then pressing the other half of the steel plate into the J shape, compressing for multiple times to form a C-shaped steel pipe, and controlling the gap of a welding line to be 0.5-5 mm in the process of seaming;
further, in step S1, the steel plate includes the following raw materials by weight: 0.18 to 0.20 percent of C; 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Si; 0.46 to 0.56 percent of Mn; 0.02-0.03% of S; 0.001-0.002% of P; 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Cr; 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Ni; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Al; 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Ti.
Further, in step S3, after the steel plate is turned over, both ends of the longitudinal joint of the steel pipe are closed to isolate the flux from the outside air; therefore, under the condition of keeping the welding wire and the flux to be in full contact, only a small amount of air or no air above the flux can be ensured, and harmful gas in the air can be reduced from invading into an electric arc;
further, in the submerged arc welding process, welding wires and welding flux are used, and the used welding wires comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: c, 0.053-0.08%; 0.84 to 1.0 percent of Si; 1.83 to 2.0 percent of Mn; 0.01 to 0.015 percent of S; 0.013-0.015% of P; 0.018 to 0.03 percent of Cr; 0.020-0.04% of Ni; 0.21-0.30% of Cu; 0.02-0.05% of Ti; 0.01 to 0.04 percent of V; 0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zr. The Ti, Zr and V added into the welding wire can play a role in refining grains, improve plasticity and toughness and obviously provide crack resistance. Because Ti, Zr and V can react with Fe through peritectic reaction to generate refractory metal compounds, and the fine refractory particles can be used as non-spontaneous cores when being used as crystals, thereby playing a role of refining grains and improving the crack resistance of the weld metal. In addition, a certain amount of copper is added into the iron-based welding seam, so that the heat resistance of the welding seam can be improved;
further, the flux used in the submerged arc welding process comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: CaF2:20-21％、CaO:10-11％、MgO:11-13％、MnO:16-18％、Al2O3:2-3％；SiO2:18-20％、TiO29-10 percent of Ni and 2-3 percent of Ni. The flux basicity was 2.7. Because the C element and other elements are burnt to a certain degree in the welding process, the burnt elements can be supplemented by selecting the welding flux and ensuring the strength of the weld metal. In addition, in the selection of the flux, the metal structure in the weld bead is shifted and changed to the a-mer direction due to the increase of the Ni equivalent in the weld bead. Thereby changing the metal structure in the welding seam and improving the welding process performance. Ni is a main element for A's formation, which can enlarge the gamma phase region. Therefore, Ni and Fe can be dissolved in any ratio.
Impurity elements such as P, S, O are inevitably present in the weld metal, and are precipitated in grain boundaries in the crystallization process, and brittle compounds of the impurities can embrittle the grain boundaries, reduce the binding force and obviously deteriorate the toughness of the weld, while the welding flux of the invention has the alkalinity of 2.7, is a welding flux with medium alkalinity, can reduce S, P in the weld metal, and can also reduce the oxygen content of the weld, thereby improving the impact toughness of the weld metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the joint closing gap is 0.5-5 mm, welding current is controlled in submerged-arc welding, the weld penetration is enabled to reach 60% -70% of the thickness of a base metal, no projections such as welding beading and the like exist on the inner wall of the steel pipe, the smoothness of the inner wall of the steel pipe is guaranteed, and the submerged-arc welding is guaranteed to run smoothly.
2. The welding flux liner with the air bag is used for isolating the direct contact between the bottom of the welding seam and air, reducing the generation condition of air holes in the welding seam and improving the quality of the welding seam.
3. The submerged arc welding has larger welding current, is easy to remove the defect of the root of the welding line, improves the quality of the welding line, ensures that the longitudinal welding line of the nuclear-grade carbon steel roll-welded pipe reaches the 1-grade requirement and has 100 percent of pass rate.
4. The welding seam has excellent mechanical property.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
Example 1
A welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, pressing half of the carbon steel plate into J shape by a JCO bending process, then pressing the other half of the steel plate into J shape, compressing for multiple times to form a C-shaped steel pipe with longitudinal seams, and controlling the seam clearance to be 0.5mm in the seam closing process to wait for welding; the steel plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.18 percent of C; 0.20 percent of Si; 0.46 percent of Mn; 0.02 percent of S; 0.001 percent of P; 0.1 percent of Cr; 0.1 percent of Ni; 0.15 percent of Cu; 0.2 percent of Al; 0.01 percent of Ti and the balance of Fe.
S2, placing the welding flux liner with the air bag in the steel pipe, inflating the air bag to enable the welding flux to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the longitudinal weld of the steel pipe, and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the outer longitudinal weld of the steel pipe;
s3, overturning the steel pipe, sealing two ends of the longitudinal seam of the steel pipe, and isolating the welding flux from the external air; and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the inner wall of the longitudinal seam of the steel pipe by using an inner longitudinal seam submerged-arc welding machine to complete the welding of the longitudinal seam.
In the submerged arc welding process, the used welding wire comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.053 percent of C; 0.84 percent of Si; 1.83 percent of Mn; 0.01 percent of S; 0.013 percent of P; 0.018% of Cr; 0.020% of Ni; 0.21 percent of Cu; 0.02 percent of Ti; 0.01 percent of V; 0.03 percent of Zr and the balance of Fe. In the submerged arc welding process, the used welding flux comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: CaF2:20％、CaO:10％、MgO:11％、MnO:16％、Al2O3:2％；SiO2:18％、TiO29 percent, 2 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe. The flux basicity was 2.7.
Example 2
A welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, pressing half of the carbon steel plate into J shape by a JCO bending process, then pressing the other half of the steel plate into J shape, compressing for multiple times to form a C-shaped steel pipe with longitudinal seams, and controlling the seam clearance to be 2mm in the seam closing process to wait for welding; the steel plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.19 percent of C; 0.25 percent of Si; 0.50 percent of Mn; 0.025 percent of S; 0.0015 percent of P; 0.15 percent of Cr; 0.2 percent of Ni; 0.20 percent of Cu; 0.25 percent of Al; 0.015 percent of Ti and the balance of Fe.
S2, placing the welding flux liner with the air bag in the steel pipe, inflating the air bag to enable the welding flux to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the longitudinal weld of the steel pipe, and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the outer longitudinal weld of the steel pipe;
s3, overturning the steel pipe, sealing two ends of the longitudinal seam of the steel pipe, and isolating the welding flux from the external air; and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the inner wall of the longitudinal seam of the steel pipe by using an inner longitudinal seam submerged-arc welding machine to complete the welding of the longitudinal seam.
In the submerged arc welding process, the used welding wire comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.07 percent of C; 0.9 percent of Si(ii) a 1.9 percent of Mn; 0.013 percent of S; 0.014% of P; 0.024 percent of Cr; 0.03 percent of Ni; 0.27 percent of Cu; 0.02-0.05% of Ti; 0.02 percent of V; 0.04 percent of Zr and the balance of Fe. In the submerged arc welding process, the used welding flux comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: CaF2:20.5％、CaO:10.5％、MgO:12％、MnO:17％、Al2O3:2.5％；SiO2:19％、TiO29.5 percent, 2.5 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe. The flux basicity was 2.7.
Example 3
A welding process of a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, pressing half of the carbon steel plate into J shape by a JCO bending process, then pressing the other half of the steel plate into J shape, compressing for multiple times to form a C-shaped steel pipe with longitudinal seams, and controlling the seam clearance to be 5.0mm in the seam closing process to wait for welding; the steel plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.20 percent of C; 0.30 percent of Si; 0.56 percent of Mn; 0.03 percent of S; 0.002% of P; 0.2 percent of Cr; 0.3 percent of Ni; 0.25 percent of Cu; 0.3 percent of Al; 0.02 percent of Ti and the balance of Fe.
S2, placing the welding flux liner with the air bag in the steel pipe, inflating the air bag to enable the welding flux to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the longitudinal weld of the steel pipe, and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the outer longitudinal weld of the steel pipe;
s3, overturning the steel pipe, sealing two ends of the longitudinal seam of the steel pipe, and isolating the welding flux from the external air; and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the inner wall of the longitudinal seam of the steel pipe by using an inner longitudinal seam submerged-arc welding machine to complete the welding of the longitudinal seam.
In the submerged arc welding process, the used welding wire comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.08 percent of C; 1.0 percent of Si; 2.0 percent of Mn; 0.015 percent of S; 0.015 percent of P; 0.03 percent of Cr; 0.04 percent of Ni; 0.3 percent of Cu; 0.05 percent of Ti; 0.04 percent of V; 0.05 percent of Zr and the balance of Fe. In the submerged arc welding process, the used welding flux comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: CaF2:21％、CaO:11％、MgO:13％、MnO:18％、Al2O3:3％；SiO2:20％、TiO210 percent, 3 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe. The flux basicity was 2.7.
The submerged arc welding process parameters of the above examples during welding are shown in the following table:
comparative example 1
The process was carried out under the conditions of example 2, the flux used was SJ101 flux and the wire used was H08MnA wire;
comparative example 2
The flux was selected as SJ101 flux, performed under the conditions of example 2;
comparative example 3
The process is carried out according to the conditions of the example 2, and H08MnA welding wires are selected as the welding flux;
comparative example 4
Both sides of the steel pipe are not closed in step S3;
and (3) performance detection:
1. detecting whether a primary weld is achieved
As can be seen from Table 1, the welds of examples 1-3 are all primary welds, and the pass rate is 100%; and in the comparative examples 1 to 4, the first-level welding line passing rate is low due to various defects.
2. Weld mechanical property detection
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the welds of examples 1-3 had good impact toughness (126-. The impact toughness of the comparative example 1 is lower (59), the tensile strength is also lower, and the detection in a bending test is unqualified, which shows that the improvement of the mechanical property of the welding seam of the invention is limited by the SJ101 flux + H08MnA welding wire; the comparative examples 2 and 3 are welded on the basis of the lack of the welding flux or the welding wire in the example 2, the impact toughness and the tensile strength of the welding seam are reduced to a certain degree, and the welding flux and the welding wire selected in the example 2 are combined with the example 2 for comparison, so that the welding flux and the welding wire have a synergistic effect, the metal crystal grains of the welding seam can be refined, and the plasticity and the toughness of the metal of the welding seam are improved, so that the welding flux and the welding wire have better mechanical properties.
After the degasifier is added, the detection temperature, the quick service life and the elongation are greatly improved; meanwhile, the temperature, the quick service life and the elongation rate are improved in a small range after acid washing and alkali washing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the design concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A welding process for a nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, processing the carbon steel plate into a steel pipe with a longitudinal seam through a JCO bending process, controlling the gap of the welding seam to be 0.5-5 mm in the seam closing process, and waiting to weld; the steel plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.18 to 0.20 percent of C; 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Si; 0.46 to 0.56 percent of Mn; 0.02-0.03% of S; 0.001-0.002% of P; 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Cr; 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Ni; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Al; 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Ti and the balance of Fe;
s2, placing the welding flux liner with the air bag in the steel pipe, inflating the air bag to enable the welding flux to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the longitudinal weld of the steel pipe, and carrying out submerged-arc welding on the outer longitudinal weld of the steel pipe;
s3, turning over the steel pipe, and performing submerged arc welding on the inner wall of the longitudinal joint of the steel pipe by using an inner longitudinal joint submerged arc welding machine to complete welding of the longitudinal joint; in the submerged arc welding process, welding wires and welding flux are used; the used welding wire comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: c0.053-0.08 percent; 0.84 to 1.0 percent of Si; 1.83 to 2.0 percent of Mn; 0.01 to 0.015 percent of S; 0.013-0.015% of P; 0.018 to 0.03 percent of Cr; 0.020-0.04% of Ni; 0.21-0.30% of Cu; 0.02-0.05% of Ti; 0.01 to 0.04 percent of V; 0.03-0.05% of Zr and the balance of Fe; the used welding flux comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: CaF2:20-21％；CaO:10-11％；MgO:11-13％；MnO:16-18％；Al2O3:2-3％；SiO2:18-20％、TiO29-10 percent of Ni, 2-3 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe;
wherein, the welding process parameters in the step S1 are as follows: the current is 650A, the voltage is 43V, and the welding speed is 380 mm/min; the welding process parameters in the step S3 are as follows: the current 550A, the voltage 33V and the welding speed 300 mm/min.
2. The welding process of the nuclear grade pipeline carbon steel coil welded pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the JCO bending process comprises: half of the steel plate is pressed into J shape, the other half of the steel plate is pressed into J shape, the C-shaped steel pipe is formed after multiple times of compression, and in the joint closing process, the gap of a welding line is controlled to be 0.5-5 mm.
3. The welding process of the nuclear grade carbon steel coiled pipe of the pipeline as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the steel plate comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 0.19 percent of C; 0.25 percent of Si; 0.50 percent of Mn; 0.025 percent of S; 0.0015 percent of P; 0.15 percent of Cr; 0.2 percent of Ni; 0.20 percent of Cu; 0.25 percent of Al; 0.015 percent of Ti and the balance of Fe.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S3, after the steel plate is turned over, the two ends of the longitudinal seam of the steel tube are sealed to isolate the flux from the outside air.
5. The welding process of the nuclear-grade pipeline carbon steel roll welded pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding wire comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.053 percent of C; 0.84 percent of Si; 1.83 percent of Mn; 0.01 percent of S; 0.013 percent of P; 0.018% of Cr; 0.020% of Ni; 0.21 percent of Cu; 0.02 percent of Ti; 0.01 percent of V; 0.03 percent of Zr and the balance of Fe.
6. The welding process of the nuclear grade pipeline carbon steel roll welded pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding flux comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: CaF2:20.5％、CaO:10.5％、MgO:12％、MnO:17％、Al2O3:2.5％；SiO2:19％、TiO29.5 percent, 2.5 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe.
7. The process for welding the welded carbon steel pipe for the nuclear-grade pipeline according to claim 6, wherein the alkalinity of a flux used in the submerged arc welding process is 2.7.
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