CN112453656A - Welding method of thin-wall thick high-strength steel plate - Google Patents
Welding method of thin-wall thick high-strength steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method of a thin-wall thick high-strength steel plate, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting welding materials: adopting a gas metal arc welding material; 2) small iron grinding test to determine preheating temperature: reference standard: CB/T4364-2013; 3) cutting a steel plate for blanking; 4) groove machining: polishing the cutting part of the parent metal to remove the cracks or heat affected zones left by cutting, and then processing positive Y-shaped grooves on the two parent metals: a groove of 60 degrees and a truncated edge of 2 mm; 5) preheating the base metal before welding: preheating the steel according to the preheating temperature determined in the step 2); 6) splicing the test pieces: controlling the clearance of the truncated edge to be 0-0.2 mm; 7) welding: the base material temperature is uniform by combining a cooling device, welding is carried out by adopting a front-back two-side welding mode, the root is thoroughly removed by adopting a carbon arc gouging mode after the front-side welding is finished, and then welding is carried out on the back side; 8) postweld heat treatment: hydrogen is removed; 9) and (5) flaw detection of a welding joint. The method solves the problems that the thin-wall thick steel plate is easy to deform in the welding process and the heat affected zone is easy to soften when large heat input is adopted for welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding method of a thin-wall thick high-strength steel plate.
Background
The high-strength steel plate is mainly applied to manufacturing of large mechanical equipment, the large-scale and light-weight development trend of engineering machinery is realized, and the thickness of the high-strength steel plate is smaller under the same strength requirement. During welding, the problem that the welding deformation of a thin-wall thick steel plate is serious compared with that of a thick plate exists, the welding line energy cannot be too high along with the improvement of the strength of the steel plate, the softening problem of a welding heat affected zone of the steel plate can be caused by the excessively high welding line energy, and the performance indexes such as the strength, the toughness and the like of a welding joint are seriously reduced.
The welding process relates to groove machining, welding material selection, welding process control and the like, wherein the welding process control comprises the following steps: pre-weld preheating, weld line energy, weld speed, weld parameters (weld current, voltage, wire diameter, and wire elongation), control of weld distortion, weld defect repair, post-weld heat treatment, and the like. Improper process parameters of any one of these will have a severe impact on the quality of the welded joint, as described below.
(1) The high-strength steel is mainly characterized by high strength and hardness, high alloy content, relatively high carbon equivalent, poor weldability and high probability of welding cracking.
(2) The thin-wall thick steel plate is easy to deform in the welding process and is sensitive to the temperature of preheating and postweld heat treatment; the preheating temperature and the post-weld heat treatment temperature should not be excessively high in order to prevent the strength from being lowered by temper softening.
(3) The high-strength steel is obviously affected by welding line energy, an excessively high line energy can cause severe softening of a heat affected zone, the strength of a joint is reduced, and an excessively low line energy can cause welding defects such as incomplete penetration and the like.
(4) High strength steel plate adopts the flame cutting method to carry out the unloading usually, if the steel sheet preheats not in place will have the cutting fracture risk, in case the cutting fracture is left over to the groove, can cause the welded joint problem of ftracturing.
(5) During welding, the defects of unstable combustion of electric arc, oxidation of molten drops, residual welding slag in welding seams and the like are caused by unsmooth wire feeding, serious abrasion of a contact tube, unstable protective gas and the like. Wherein, unsmooth wire feeding and serious contact tip abrasion can cause unstable electric arc, even the short circuit phenomenon between a welding wire and the contact tip can occur, and further the welding quality is influenced.
(6) The back gouging process of backing welding is also very critical, and the back face needs to be cleaned up during back gouging, otherwise, the backing welding oxidizing slag is caused to remain in the welding line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for welding thin-wall thick high-strength steel plates in the prior art, and solves the problems that the thin-wall thick steel plates are easy to deform in the welding process and the heat affected zone is easy to soften when large heat input is adopted for welding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a welding method of thin-wall thick high-strength steel plates comprises the following steps:
1) selecting welding materials: adopting a gas metal arc welding material to realize the matching of the toughness of a welding seam and a base metal;
2) small iron grinding test to determine preheating temperature: and (3) determining a pre-welding preheating temperature interval by adopting a small iron grinding test, wherein the reference standard is as follows: CB/T4364-2013;
3) cutting a steel plate and blanking: cutting and blanking a steel plate to obtain base materials to be spliced with the same thickness;
4) groove machining: firstly, grinding the cutting parts of the spliced parent metals, removing cracks or heat affected zones left by cutting, and then processing positive Y-shaped grooves on the two parent metals: a groove of 60 degrees and a truncated edge of 2 mm;
5) preheating the base metal before welding: preheating the steel according to the preheating temperature determined in the step 2);
6) splicing the test pieces: splicing the two parent metals, wherein the gap between the truncated edges is 0-0.2 mm;
7) welding: placing base metals on a copper base plate, pressing plates on the two base metals respectively, keeping a distance between each pressing plate and a groove to reserve a welding operation space, arranging water cooling channels on the copper base plate and the pressing plates respectively, introducing cooling water to remove welding heat, welding by adopting a front-back two-side welding mode, after the front-side welding is finished, thoroughly removing roots by adopting a carbon arc gouging mode immediately, and then welding the back side;
8) postweld heat treatment: hydrogen is removed;
9) and (5) flaw detection of a welding joint.
Preferably, in the step 1), a berle welding wire and a solid welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm are adopted; a designation T Union GM 120; the protective atmosphere is rich argon: 80 vt% Ar +20 vt% CO2。
Preferably, in the step 2), seven preheating temperatures of 50 ℃, 75 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃ and 200 ℃ are adopted for preheating tests; the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the parent metal is not more than 5 ℃, and a contact thermocouple is adopted to measure the temperature; the weld of the small iron grinding preserved test is 1 plus or minus 0.2 mm; the test welding seam is avoided during manual welding arcing and arc stopping, deposited metal of gas shielded welding cannot be contacted with deposited metal of restraint welding, and the finally determined optimal preheating temperature interval is as follows: 100-200 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 3), the cutting area is strictly preheated before cutting, and the preheating temperature is controlled to be 150-200 ℃; the cutting speed is less than or equal to 300 mm/min.
Preferably, in step 7), the distance between the pressing plate and the groove is 20-30 mm.
Preferably, in step 7), before welding, cooling water is supplied to the copper backing plate and the pressure plate, the cooling water is kept flowing, and welding is started: welding by adopting a front-back two-side welding mode, after the front-side welding is finished, stopping cooling water, moving a pressing plate away, and completely removing roots by adopting a carbon arc gouging mode immediately; and after the back chipping is finished, the pressing plate is placed again, cooling water is connected, the reverse side welding is carried out, the cooling water is closed immediately after the welding is finished, and after the steel plate is completely cooled to the room temperature, the cooling pressing plate and the cooling copper base plate are removed.
Match cooling frock during welding: 1) preventing the test plate from being seriously deformed after welding, 2) increasing the heat dissipation homogenization effect after welding, and reducing the actual heat input of a heat affected zone; 3) the welding efficiency of the high-strength thin plate is improved, the high-strength thin plate can adapt to relatively higher linear energy welding, and the method is different from the limitation that the existing high-strength thin plate needs to adopt small linear energy welding.
Preferably, in step 8), the dehydrogenation heating temperature is: 150-200 ℃, heat preservation time: more than 2 hours, cooling mode: slow cooling of the asbestos gauze cover.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) by preference of a suitable solder material, it can be achieved that the argon-rich atmosphere can protect the droplets from oxidation.
2) The method preferentially searches the preheating temperature range before welding, and avoids welding cracks on the premise of ensuring that the strength of the steel plate is not reduced.
3) The welding method can be matched with the welding method by adopting higher linear energy, the requirement of the higher linear energy on the surface quality of the groove can be reduced, and the cutting heat influence and the cutting microcracks on the groove can be melted off relatively to the higher linear energy.
4) And the iron oxide on the groove and the surface of the nearby steel plate is thoroughly removed by polishing before welding, so that the phenomenon that the iron oxide absorbs water to cause welding hydrogen-induced cracks is avoided.
5) The invention designs a set of cooling device for assisting in completing welding, mainly aiming at homogenizing the temperature of base metal during welding, taking away surplus base metal heat in time, avoiding deformation of a steel plate caused by temperature unevenness due to temperature accumulation, and achieving the purpose of preventing deformation of the steel plate through the shaping effect of the pressing plate, wherein the pressing plate is preferably made of structural steel. In addition, the negative influence of large heat input on the softening of the heat affected zone of the steel plate can be reduced, relatively high heat input can be adopted for welding based on the cooling device, the softening problem of the heat affected zone cannot occur, and the welding efficiency is higher.
6) Before welding, strict inspection confirms that the contact tip does not have serious wearing and tearing, and the wire feeder send a wire smoothly, and protective gas is stable etc. ensures that electric arc stable combustion, and gas protection is good, avoids the molten drop to be oxidized.
7) The method adopts a postweld heat treatment process; the stress state of the joint can be influenced by selecting the postweld heat treatment temperature, the stress of the welded joint can be effectively eliminated by the proper postweld heat treatment temperature, the content of diffused hydrogen at the welded joint part is eliminated, and the risk of welding cracking is finally reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a standard specification test weld joint weld;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a groove of a base material having a thickness of 10mm in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the assembled base material and cooling device after splicing according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a welding sequence according to the present invention.
In FIG. 4, 1 is backing welded, 2 is the second filling; 3, covering the front surface; 4, welding the reverse side;
5 platen in fig. 3; 6, a copper base plate; 7, a base material; 8, water cooling channels; 9, beveling;
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The high-strength steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.10 to 0.20; si: 0.25 to 0.35; mn: 1.0 to 1.5; p is less than or equal to 0.010; s is less than or equal to 0.005; cr: 0.1 to 0.35; ni: 0.01 to 0.05; 0.01 to 0.06 weight percent of Cu; mo: 0.3 to 0.75; v: 0.010-0.035; the balance of Fe, and the thickness of the high-strength steel plate is 10 mm. The test panel size is: 500mm 200mm 10mm (thickness); butt welding; the welding process method of the thin-wall-thickness high-strength steel plate comprises the following steps:
1. welding material selection
Adopting a gas metal arc welding material, wherein the diameter of a welding wire of a Bole welding material is 1.2mm and the welding wire is a solid welding wire; a designation T Union GM 120; the protective atmosphere was argon-rich (80 vt% Ar +20 vt% CO)2)；
2. Optimum preheating temperature is groped in small iron research test
The oblique Y-shaped groove welding crack test method (small iron grinding test) is used for searching a pre-welding preheating temperature interval, and the corresponding standards are as follows: CB/T4364-2013; when the test piece is spliced, the method needs to control a proper butt joint gap, and the gap control range of the method is as follows: 1.0 + -0.2 mm. Preheating at seven preheating temperatures of 50 ℃, 75 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃ and 200 ℃; the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part is not more than 5 ℃, and a contact thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature; when a test welding seam is reserved, the shrinkage of the welding seam is considered according to actual experience, and the final control is 1 +/-0.2 mm; the manual welding arc starting and arc stopping must avoid the test welding seam, and the deposited metal of the gas shield welding cannot be contacted with the deposited metal of the restraint welding. The method finds out that the optimal preheating temperature interval is as follows: 100-200 ℃.
TABLE 1 Small iron grinding welding parameters
3. And cutting the steel plate for blanking.
The high-strength steel plate has high strength, the cutting and blanking adopts flame cutting or plasma cutting and blanking, the cutting area is preheated before strict cutting, and the preheating temperature is controlled within the range of 150-200 ℃; the cutting speed is less than or equal to 300 mm/min.
4. Groove machining;
the groove form of the method adopts a single V-shaped groove with 60 degrees, and the truncated edge is 2mm, as shown in figure 2;
5. preheating of steel plate before welding
Preheating the spliced steel plate by adopting the preheating temperature found out by a small iron grinding test, wherein the heating furnace preheats a gantry box type resistance furnace, and the temperature deviation in the furnace is as follows: plus or minus 2 ℃; the preheating temperature is selected as follows: 150 +/-5 ℃; the time is as follows: for 2 hours.
6. Splicing the test pieces;
firstly, placing a cooling water pipe copper plate with the thickness of about 30mm on a welding platform, placing a high-strength thin plate on the copper plate, and completing splicing, wherein the gap is controlled to be 0-0.2 mm; and then placing two steel plates with the thickness of 30mm and internally communicated with a cooling water pipe on the high-strength thin plate to be welded, wherein the placing positions are about 20-30mm away from the groove, and adopting a cooling device shown in figure 3.
7. Welding by adopting reasonable welding process parameters;
before welding, a water valve is opened to enable water to flow into a cooling device, and welding is started immediately; welding is carried out by adopting a front-back two-side welding mode, and six pairs of test plates are welded by adopting six different linear energies of 10KJ/cm, 12KJ/cm, 15KJ/cm, 18KJ/cm, 20KJ/cm and 22KJ/cm respectively. After the front welding is finished, closing the water valve, removing the cooling steel plate, and completely back chipping by immediately adopting a carbon arc gouging mode; and after the back chipping is finished, replacing the cooling steel plate, opening a cooling water valve, and carrying out reverse side welding. And immediately closing the cooling water after the welding is finished, and removing the cooling steel plate and the cooling copper plate after the steel plate is completely cooled to room temperature (about 2-3 hours).
TABLE 2 welding Process parameters
8. Postweld heat treatment:
in order to eliminate or reduce the influence of hydrogen on welding, the method immediately carries out post-welding hydrogen elimination treatment after the welding is finished, the adopted heating furnace is a gantry box type resistance furnace, and the temperature deviation in the furnace is as follows: plus or minus 2 ℃; the dehydrogenation treatment temperature is as follows: 150-200 ℃; the time is as follows: for 4 hours. The cooling mode adopts a slow cooling mode covered by asbestos cloth.
9. Flaw detection of a welding joint:
and flaw detection is carried out on the welded joint part by adopting ultrasonic waves and X rays, so that the welded joint is ensured to have no defects such as cracks or slag inclusion and the like, and preparation is made for subsequent sampling performance detection.
10. Joint performance detection
The joint is respectively subjected to conventional mechanical properties such as stretching, impact and bending, so that the joint performance can meet the standard requirement. According to the tensile test result, the bending test result and the impact test result, the strength is not obviously reduced when the linear energy reaches 22KJ/cm, the softening is not obvious, the impact toughness of the welding line and the heat affected zone is good, and the standard requirements can be met.
TABLE 3 weld joint Performance test results
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method of thin-wall thick high-strength steel plates is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting welding materials: adopting a gas metal arc welding material to realize the matching of the toughness of a welding seam and a base metal;
2) small iron grinding test to determine preheating temperature: and (3) determining a pre-welding preheating temperature interval by adopting a small iron grinding test, wherein the reference standard is as follows: CB/T4364-2013;
3) cutting a steel plate and blanking: cutting and blanking a steel plate to obtain base materials to be spliced with the same thickness;
4) groove machining: firstly, grinding the cutting parts of the spliced parent metals, removing cracks or heat affected zones left by cutting, and then processing positive Y-shaped grooves on the two parent metals: a groove of 60 degrees and a truncated edge of 2 mm;
5) preheating the base metal before welding: preheating the steel according to the preheating temperature determined in the step 2);
6) splicing the test pieces: splicing the two parent metals, wherein the gap between the truncated edges is 0-0.2 mm;
7) welding: placing base metals on a copper base plate, pressing plates on the two base metals respectively, keeping a distance between each pressing plate and a groove to reserve a welding operation space, arranging water cooling channels on the copper base plate and the pressing plates respectively, introducing cooling water to remove welding heat, welding by adopting a front-back two-side welding mode, after the front-side welding is finished, thoroughly removing roots by adopting a carbon arc gouging mode immediately, and then welding the back side;
8) postweld heat treatment: hydrogen is removed;
9) and (5) flaw detection of a welding joint.
2. The method for welding thin-walled thick high-strength steel plates according to claim 1, wherein: step 1)In the middle, a Bolete welding wire and a solid welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm are adopted; a designation T Union GM 120; the protective atmosphere is rich argon: 80 vt% Ar +20 vt% CO2。
3. The method for welding thin-walled thick high-strength steel plates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), seven preheating temperatures of 50 ℃, 75 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃ and 200 ℃ are adopted for preheating tests; the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the parent metal is not more than 5 ℃, and a contact thermocouple is adopted to measure the temperature; the weld of the small iron grinding preserved test is 1 plus or minus 0.2 mm; the test welding seam is avoided during manual welding arcing and arc stopping, deposited metal of gas shielded welding cannot be contacted with deposited metal of restraint welding, and the finally determined optimal preheating temperature interval is as follows: 100-200 ℃.
4. The method for welding thin-walled thick high-strength steel plates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the cutting area is strictly preheated before cutting, and the preheating temperature is controlled to be 150-200 ℃; the cutting speed is less than or equal to 300 mm/min.
5. The method for welding thin-walled thick high-strength steel plates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 7), the distance between the pressing plate and the groove is 8-30 mm.
6. The method for welding thin-walled thick high-strength steel plates according to claim 1, wherein: step 7), before welding, connecting cooling water to the copper base plate and the pressing plate, keeping the cooling water circulating, and starting welding: welding by adopting a front-back two-side welding mode, after the front-side welding is finished, stopping cooling water, moving a pressing plate away, and completely removing roots by adopting a carbon arc gouging mode immediately; and after the back chipping is finished, the pressing plate is placed again, cooling water is connected, the reverse side welding is carried out, the cooling water is closed immediately after the welding is finished, and after the steel plate is completely cooled to the room temperature, the cooling pressing plate and the cooling copper base plate are removed.
7. The method for welding thin-walled thick high-strength steel plates according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 8), the dehydrogenation heating temperature is as follows: 150-200 ℃, heat preservation time: more than 2 hours, cooling mode: slow cooling of the asbestos gauze cover.
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| CN114682877A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-01 | 徐州徐工挖掘机械有限公司 | Baffle plate structure suitable for welding thin-wall component and welding method thereof |
| CN114799589A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 | Plate welding deformation prevention device and plate welding deformation prevention method |
| CN115464297A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-13 | 中车株洲车辆有限公司 | Welding method of high-strength steel |
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