CN110666310B - Flat butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet - Google Patents

Flat butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet Download PDF

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CN110666310B
CN110666310B CN201911025919.5A CN201911025919A CN110666310B CN 110666310 B CN110666310 B CN 110666310B CN 201911025919 A CN201911025919 A CN 201911025919A CN 110666310 B CN110666310 B CN 110666310B
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welding
aluminum
magnesium alloy
welding method
alloy sheet
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CN110666310A (en
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兰玲
王高飞
朱若凡
阎璐
宋金英
朱国斌
周鸿翔
任闻杰
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Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute
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Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute of CSSC No 11 Research Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a flat butt MIG welding method of an aluminum magnesium alloy sheet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: carrying out MIG welding on 2 aluminum-magnesium alloy sheets at a flat position, and welding a groove by adopting a symmetrical V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the groove is 15-20 degrees at a single side, and the gap is 0-2 mm; the welding voltage is 17-19.5V, the welding current is 90-105A, and the protective gas flow is 20-25L/min. The welding method can ensure that the tensile strength of the welding joint is more than 333MPa, no crack or other defects of more than 3mm appear on the surface of the welding joint after the welding joint is bent forwards and backwards for 180 degrees, and the welding seam has excellent corrosion resistance.

Description

Flat butt joint MIG welding method for aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy material welding, and particularly relates to a flat butt MIG welding method of an aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small specific gravity, good corrosion resistance, easy processing and the like, is widely applied to ships, and is mainly a 5083 plate and a 6082 section in China at present. With the improvement of the requirements of ships on navigational speed, loading capacity and structural weight, the demand for high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is more urgent.
At present, high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy materials are developed in China, the magnesium content of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy materials is 5.5% -6.5%, and the strength of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy materials can reach 400 Mpa. The magnesium content of the aluminum-magnesium alloy material is greatly improved, so that the aluminum-magnesium alloy material is seriously burnt in the welding process, has high air hole and crack sensitivity, and the welded joint is seriously softened. In the ship construction process, the welding occupation ratio of the flat position of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy is large, and no welding process suitable for the vertical position of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flat butt joint semi-automatic MIG welding method suitable for a high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet, so as to overcome the defect that no suitable welding method for the domestic high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet in the prior art is available.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a flat butt MIG welding method of an aluminum magnesium alloy sheet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: carrying out MIG welding on 2 aluminum-magnesium alloy sheets at a flat position, and welding a groove by adopting a symmetrical V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the groove is 15-20 degrees at a single side, and the gap is 0-2 mm; the welding voltage is 17-19.5V, the welding current is 90-105A, and the protective gas flow is 20-25L/min;
the aluminum magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Fe: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Mn: 0.7% -1.3%, Mg: 5.5% -6.5%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Zr: 0.02% -0.12%, Er:0.10 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the welding wire adopted by the welding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Fe: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: 0.8% -1.1%, Mg: 5.5% -6.5%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Zr: 0.02-0.12 percent of Er, 0.10-0.25 percent of Er, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the diameter of the welding wire is 1.0mm or 1.2 mm.
Further, the welding is double-sided welding; the aluminum magnesium alloy sheet is 3-5 mm in thickness.
Further, the welding shielding gas is argon, and the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.995%; the preferred guard gas flow rate is 22L/min.
Furthermore, the flat butt MIG welding method of the aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet is used for welding under the conditions that the ambient temperature is not less than 0 ℃ and the relative humidity is not higher than 85%, and preheating is not needed during welding.
According to the flat butt MIG welding method for the aluminum-magnesium alloy, the welding position is a flat position, the tensile strength of a welding joint can be guaranteed to be higher than 333Mpa, the length of cracks or other defects appearing on the surface of the welding joint after the surface is bent or back-bent for 180 degrees is not more than 3mm, the appearance inspection of the welding seam of the welding joint meets the quality requirement, no obvious surface defect exists, the X-ray flaw detection rating of the internal quality of the welding seam is not lower than grade I, the spalling corrosion and the intergranular corrosion meet the requirement, and the welding process can complete the flat butt welding of the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flat butt MIG welding groove of the present invention;
the reference numbers of the various drawings indicate the following: 1-magnesium aluminum alloy plate and 2-flat position groove.
Detailed Description
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention and is not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and changes and modifications of the embodiment can be made within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Welding material
Base material: the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy plate in the O/H112 state comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Fe: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Mn: 0.7% -1.3%, Mg: 5.5% -6.5%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Zr: 0.02% -0.12%, Er:0.10 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The thickness of the plate is 4 mm.
Welding wires: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Fe: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn: 0.8% -1.1%, Mg: 5.5% -6.5%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Zr: 0.02% -0.12%, Er:0.10 to 0.25 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm.
Protective gas: the selected protective gas is argon, and the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.995 percent.
(2) Welding method
Adopting an MIG double-sided welding method, wherein the welding position is a flat position, the groove of the aluminum plate butt joint adopts a symmetrical single V-shaped groove, the angle of the groove is single-side 18 degrees, and the gap width at the bottom of the V-shaped groove is 2 mm; the welding voltage is 19V, the welding current is 90A, and the protective gas flow is 22L/min.
Welding at normal temperature with the ambient temperature not less than 0 ℃ and the relative humidity not higher than 85%, wherein the welding process parameters are shown in table 1.
Examples 2 to 3
The welding materials (base metal and welding wire) were the same as in example 1, wherein the plate thickness and the diameter of the welding wire are shown in Table 1.
(1) The MIG double-sided welding method is adopted, the welding position is a vertical position, the groove of the aluminum plate butt joint adopts a symmetrical single V-shaped groove, the welding is carried out at the normal temperature of which the ambient temperature is not less than 0 ℃ and the relative humidity is not higher than 85 percent, and the rest welding process parameters are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 examples 1-3 welding Process parameters
Figure BDA0002248620950000041
(3) Test results
And (4) carrying out welding test piece inspection on the welding joint according to GB/T2651-2008 and GB/T2653-2008, and finishing the detection of tensile and bending performances (the joint adopts a bending core with the diameter of 22mm and the surface bending or back bending of 180 degrees). The test results are shown in table 2, and meet the standard requirements.
TABLE 2 examples 1-3 weld joint Properties
Figure BDA0002248620950000042
The X-ray inspection rating of the welded aluminum alloy joint in the embodiment 1 meets the I-grade standard requirement in CB 3929; in a peeling corrosion test of the welded joint, the corrosion morphology of the welded joint meets the N grade in ASTM G66; an indicator of intergranular corrosion rate of the welded joint was 4.34mg/cm2Satisfying ASTM G67 of not more than 15mg/cm2The index requirements of (1).
In the embodiment 2, the X-ray inspection rating of the welded aluminum alloy joint meets the I-grade standard requirement in CB 3929; in a peeling corrosion test of the welded joint, the corrosion morphology of the welded joint meets the PA grade in ASTM G66; the intergranular corrosion rate of the welded joint is indicated by 5.12mg/cm2Satisfying ASTM G67 of not more than 15mg/cm2The index requirements of (1).
Example 3 the X-ray inspection rating of the welded aluminum alloy joint after welding meets the requirement of class i standard in CB 3929; in a peeling corrosion test of the welded joint, the corrosion morphology of the welded joint meets the N grade in ASTM G66; the intergranular corrosion rate of the welded joint is indicated to be 4.86mg/cm2Satisfying ASTM G67 of not more than 15mg/cm2The index requirements of (1).
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific details set forth herein. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1.一种铝镁合金薄板的平对接MIG焊接方法，其特征在于：采用平位置将2块铝镁合金薄板进行MIG焊接，坡口采用对称V型坡口进行焊接，所述坡口角度为单边15°～20°，间隙为0～2mm；所述焊接的电压为17～19.5V，焊接电流为90～105A，保护气流量为20～25L/min；所述的焊接为双面焊接；1. a flat butt MIG welding method of an aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet, it is characterized in that: adopting the flat position to carry out MIG welding with 2 aluminum-magnesium alloy sheets, the groove adopts a symmetrical V-shaped groove to weld, and the groove angle is One side is 15°～20°, and the gap is 0～2mm; the welding voltage is 17～19.5V, the welding current is 90～105A, and the shielding gas flow is 20～25L/min; the welding is double-sided welding ; 所述的铝镁合金含有下列质量分数的组分：Si：≤0.4％、Fe：≤0.4％、Cu：≤0.1％、Mn：0.7％～1.3％、Mg：5.5％～6.5％、Zn：≤0.2％、Zr：0.02％～0.12％、Er：0.10％～0.25％，余量为Al及不可避免的杂质；The aluminum-magnesium alloy contains the following components by mass fraction: Si: ≤ 0.4%, Fe: ≤ 0.4%, Cu: ≤ 0.1%, Mn: 0.7%-1.3%, Mg: 5.5%-6.5%, Zn: ≤0.2%, Zr: 0.02%-0.12%, Er: 0.10%-0.25%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities; 所述的焊接采用的焊丝含有下列质量分数的组分：Si：≤0.4％、Fe：≤0.4％、Cu：≤0.05％、Mn：0.8％～1.1％、Mg：5.5％～6.5％、Zn：≤0.2％、Zr：0.02％～0.12％、Er:0.10％～0.25％，余量为Al及不可避免的杂质；所述焊丝直径为1.0 mm或者1.2mm。The welding wire used for welding contains the following components by mass fraction: Si: ≤0.4%, Fe: ≤0.4%, Cu: ≤0.05%, Mn: 0.8%-1.1%, Mg: 5.5%-6.5%, Zn : ≤0.2%, Zr: 0.02%-0.12%, Er: 0.10%-0.25%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities; the diameter of the welding wire is 1.0 mm or 1.2 mm. 2.根据权利要求1所述的平对接MIG焊接方法，其特征在于，所述的铝镁合金薄板的厚度3～5mm。2 . The flat butt MIG welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet is 3-5 mm. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的平对接MIG焊接方法，其特征在于，所述焊接的保护气为氩气，氩气纯度≥99.995%；所述保护气流量为22L/min。3 . The flat butt MIG welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the shielding gas for the welding is argon, and the purity of argon is greater than or equal to 99.995%; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 22 L/min. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1～3任一所述的焊接方法，其特征在于，在环境温度不小于0℃、相对湿度不高于85％的情况下施焊，焊接时不需要预热。4. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the welding is performed under the condition that the ambient temperature is not less than 0°C and the relative humidity is not higher than 85%, and preheating is not required during welding.
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CN112496506A (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-03-16 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶工业集团公司第十一研究所) Flat butt joint MIG welding method for medium-thickness high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium alloy
CN114247967A (en) * 2022-01-05 2022-03-29 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 Automatic welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of aluminum alloy
CN115229306B (en) * 2022-07-14 2024-02-27 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Method for improving bending performance of welded joint of QSTE pickling plate
CN115740702A (en) * 2022-11-29 2023-03-07 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第十一研究所) Welding method for high-strength aluminum alloy plate for ship and aluminum alloy mooring track

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003220481A (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-08-05 Kobe Steel Ltd Method and welding wire for arc-laser composite welding
CN101716704A (en) * 2009-10-30 2010-06-02 北京工业大学 Al-Mg-Er welding wire and preparation process thereof
CN102225488A (en) * 2011-06-08 2011-10-26 常州市伟泰电子科技有限公司 Welding process of aluminium-magnesium alloy sheet
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Patentee after: Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute (the 11th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Corp.)

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Patentee before: SHIPBUILDING TECHNOLOGY Research Institute (NO 11 RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINA STATE SHIPBUILDING Corp.,Ltd.)