CN112619895B - Air-magnetic dry separation device and magnetic bead recovery method for improving utilization rate of fly ash - Google Patents
Air-magnetic dry separation device and magnetic bead recovery method for improving utilization rate of fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN112619895B CN112619895B CN202110034150.4A CN202110034150A CN112619895B CN 112619895 B CN112619895 B CN 112619895B CN 202110034150 A CN202110034150 A CN 202110034150A CN 112619895 B CN112619895 B CN 112619895B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 4
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/16—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts
- B03C1/18—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with magnets moving during operation
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wind magnetic dry separation device and a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, wherein the wind magnetic dry separation device is used for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an exhaust assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a transmission part, the transmission part transmits the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic assembly, when the air suction assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic assembly keeps the magnetic beads on the transmission part based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads, and the air suction assembly sucks the residual materials away, so that the transmission part conveys the magnetic beads to a designated area. The technical scheme of the invention aims to solve the technical problem of low iron grade in solid waste in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recovery equipment, in particular to a wind magnetic dry separation device and a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash.
Background
Coal mills produce large amounts of solid waste (fly ash). Solid waste (such as fly ash) contains a lot of iron ore. Magnetic beads are screened from the solid wastes, so that the effective recycling of iron resources is facilitated.
Taking fly ash as an example, most of the fly ash in China is utilized in traditional projects such as brick firing, road building, cement and concrete admixture, and only a few domestic household electrical appliances are provided with fly ash dry separation and iron extraction facilities to carry out iron extraction and enrichment treatment on the fly ash, but because the process is simple, only coarse concentrate with about 45% of iron grade can be produced, and the coarse concentrate cannot be directly used as sintering ingredients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an air-magnetic dry separation device and a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, and aims to solve the technical problem of low iron grade in solid waste in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a wind magnetic dry separation device for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials, the wind magnetic dry separation device comprising: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an exhaust assembly;
the transmission component comprises a transmission component which transmits the magnetic material to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic component,
when the air draft assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic force assembly keeps the magnetic beads on the conveying component based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads, and the air draft assembly sucks away the residual materials, so that the conveying component conveys the magnetic beads to a designated area.
Optionally, the wind magnetic dry separation device further comprises a driving assembly, and the magnetic assembly further comprises at least two magnetic systems; the magnetic field intensity of the at least two magnetic systems is different, and when the air draft assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the driving assembly drives the magnetic assembly, so that the magnetic force between the magnetic beads and the magnetic assembly can be changed.
Optionally, the motion direction of the driving assembly is: in a first appointed time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is consistent; in a second designated time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is opposite to that of the transmission belt; the speed of the driving component for driving the magnetic component is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt.
Optionally, the number of the magnetic force components is at least two, and the at least two magnetic force components are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying component, so that the magnetic material passes through at least two magnetic separation areas; the air draft assembly comprises air draft hoods, the number of the air draft hoods is at least consistent with that of the magnetic force assemblies, and each magnetic separation area is at least provided with one air draft hood.
Optionally, the air-magnetic dry separation device further comprises a sealing component, wherein the sealing component is used for defining a sealing space, and the magnetic component is arranged in the sealing space; the air draft assembly further comprises an air pipe and a fan, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the air draft cover, and the other end of the air pipe extends out of the closed space to be communicated with the fan.
Optionally, the air-magnetic dry separation device further comprises a uniform thickness assembly, the uniform thickness assembly comprises a uniform thickness plate, and a passage gap is defined between the uniform thickness plate and the conveying part, so that after the magnetic material passes through the passage gap, the thickness of the layer of the magnetic material on the conveying part is 2-5 mm.
Optionally, the air-magnetic dry separation device further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is in communication connection with the transmission assembly, and the controller is in communication connection with the air suction assembly.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a magnetic bead recycling method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, wherein the recycling method comprises the following steps: the magnetic beads are screened from the magnetic materials by using the wind-magnetic dry separation device.
Optionally, the magnetic material is screened from expectation using a spiral magnetic separator prior to the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air-magnetic dry separation apparatus described above.
Optionally, after the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the aforementioned air-magnetic dry separation apparatus, the magnetic beads are collected using a recovery assembly.
The invention provides a wind magnetic dry separation device, which is used for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials, and comprises: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an exhaust assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a transmission part, the transmission part transmits the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic assembly, when the air suction assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic assembly keeps the magnetic beads on the transmission part based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads, and the air suction assembly sucks the residual materials away, so that the transmission part conveys the magnetic beads to a designated area. The magnetic component is arranged below the conveying component, when the conveying component conveys the magnetic materials to the magnetic separation area, the magnetic beads are attracted to the conveying component by downward magnetic force, and the non-magnetic or weak-magnetic materials are not attracted by the magnetic component; negative pressure is generated in the magnetic separation area by the air draft assembly, non-magnetic or weak magnetic materials are sucked away by the air draft assembly, magnetic beads are reserved on the conveying component, and finally the magnetic beads are separated from the magnetic field area under the action of the conveying component and are transferred to the designated area. The magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device have high grade, and further have higher economic value and social benefit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first principle of the air-magnetic dry separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the air-magnetic dry separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third principle schematic diagram of the air-magnetic dry separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth principle of the air-magnetic dry separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a preferred process flow of the method for magnetic bead recovery to increase fly ash utilization of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name of the name | Reference numerals | Name of the name |
| 100 | Transmission assembly | 500 | Driving assembly |
| 200 | Magnetic assembly | 600 | Uniform thickness assembly |
| 300 | Air draft assembly | 700 | Recovery assembly |
| 400 | Closure assembly |
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
According to the related data, the fly ash is used as a common solid waste in coal-fired power plants in China, but the utilization rate of the fly ash solid waste is lower. At present, fly ash is mostly utilized in traditional projects such as brick firing, road building, cement and concrete admixture making and the like; however, in the fly ash dry separation iron extraction facility, only coarse concentrate with iron grade of about 45% can be produced due to equipment lag, and the coarse concentrate cannot be directly used as sintering ingredients. Grade generally refers to the proportion of the material containing magnets, such as mass or volume.
For example, since the iron grade of the pre-concentrated rough concentrate is only 43-46%, siO 2 The content of the fly ash coarse concentrate is more than 12%, the quality requirement of sintering ingredients cannot be completely met, the content of-400 meshes in the fly ash coarse concentrate reaches 70-80%, and the problems that the concentrate is difficult to filter and dehydrate, the tailings are difficult to concentrate and settle, and a pipeline is blocked due to hardening of the fly ash in the conveying process exist by adopting a traditional wet magnetic separation mode.
The invention provides a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, which is shown in FIG. 5, and comprises the following steps:
s300: and screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic materials by using the wind-magnetic dry separation device.
Before entering the air-magnetic dry separation device, the grade of the magnetic beads in the magnetic material is preferably 45% -53%. Aiming at the observation of a certain coal-fired power plant, when the grade of the magnetic beads in the magnetic materials entering the air-magnetic dry separation device is 49.5-53%, the air-magnetic dry separation device has high production efficiency and high efficiency, and the microscopic morphology of the finally obtained magnetic beads is in a large proportion, so that the air-magnetic dry separation device has good economic and social benefits.
Analysis of the resulting beads: the main metal minerals include magnetite, hematite, limonite, small amount of carbonaceous, pyrite, etc., and the transparent minerals mainly include quartz, small amount of carbonate (iron dolomite-calcite), gibbsite, etc. Magnetite (Mt) content is about 75%, and the magnetite is in the form of fine crystals or self-formed fine particles densely distributed in the form of pellets with the size of 0.005-0.1 mm.
Analysis of the separated tailings: the main metal minerals include magnetite, hematite, carbonaceous, pyrite, and iron oxides such as limonite; the transparent minerals are mainly quartz, carbonate (iron dolomite-calcite), feldspar, sericite, gibbsite, etc. Magnetite (Mt) accounts for about 3 percent, is distributed in silicate minerals in a fine-grain crystal arrangement manner or is densely distributed in a pellet shape, and part of magnetite and hematite are densely distributed in a pellet shape, so that the magnetite is formed by high-temperature melting and recrystallization, and the pellet size is between 0.005 and 0.05 mm. Quartz (Qtz) content is about 40%, irregular grains with grain size of 0.02-0.2mm, most of vitreous colloid ball grains are produced, colorless and transparent, and grain size of 0.005-0.05 mm; the carbonate mineral content is about 30%, the irregular fine particles are in aggregate shape, most of which are iron dolomite or calcite, and the particle size of the aggregate is 0.05-0.3 mm.
Compared with the magnetic beads obtained by the existing equipment, the magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) The inventor of the invention carries out experimental research work on the application of the fly ash magnetic beads to wastewater treatment, adopts iron trichloride as a dephosphorizing agent, examines the experimental effect combined with the fly ash magnetic beads, and adopts the mixingThe magnetic bead synergistic effect test and the coagulant aid synergistic effect test are carried out to obtain the optimal adding amount of the magnetic powder, the coagulant and the coagulant aid and the adding sequence of the medicaments; the influence of factors such as stirring intensity, sedimentation time and the like on the wastewater treatment effect is explored, the optimal technological parameters of magnetic flocculation are determined, and experiments prove that the magnetic flocculation agent is prepared from the coagulant of ferric trichloride (FeCl) 3 ·6H 2 O) with the addition amount of 20mL/L, pH of 7.5, stirring intensity of 125r/min, and sedimentation time of 55min, the phosphorus removal rate of 95.5% and turbidity of 2.0; the fly ash magnetic beads are added in the rapid stirring stage, the phosphorus removal rate reaches 96.7%, the magnetic beads are added to cooperate with the coagulant to improve the phosphorus removal rate, the phosphorus concentration in the treated water is 0.33mg/L, and the phosphorus removal rate is superior to the first-level discharge standard index requirement in the Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996)<0.5mg/L)。
The test shows that: the magnetic fly ash beads have obviously improved copper removal effect in copper-containing wastewater after modification, and the copper removal rate can be basically over 90% by adding the modified fly ash into the copper-containing wastewater. The modification effect of sodium hydroxide on the fly ash forms an alkaline action point on the surface of the fly ash, and meanwhile, the modification effect of sodium hydroxide also changes the Si-O and Al-O structures on the surface of the original fly ash, so that the surface roughness and the surface energy of the fly ash are increased, and the adsorption performance of the fly ash is enhanced; meanwhile, in the sodium hydroxide alkali modification process, the fly ash forms a zeolite-like structure inside, so that the adsorption performance of the fly ash is improved.
(2) The inventor of the invention carries out the experimental study work carried out on the aspect of applying the fly ash magnetic beads to the wave-absorbing composite material, completes the study work of appearance detection analysis, chemical composition analysis, mineral composition analysis, particle size classification of the fly ash magnetic beads and the like, and carries out the experiments of magnetic classification test, density separation test, particle size classification and the like of the fly ash magnetic beads, and the experiment shows that: the content and the distribution state of the iron-containing phase in the magnetic beads are the key for influencing the carbon deposition of the magnetic beads, and the magnetic beads are subjected to fine classification, so that the effect and the change of the iron in the carbon deposition process can be clearly represented; after magnetic field classification, the fly ash magnetic beads are mainly concentrated in the 0.2T external magnetic field classification range, and the ratio of the fly ash magnetic beads is up to 93.46%; after the particle size classification, the particle size of the magnetic beads is mainly concentrated in-400 meshes, and the content can account for 40-60% of the total amount; the existing state of the iron spinel is changed into a long strip shape from a big block shape along with the reduction of the particle size of the fly ash magnetic beads; the smaller spinel grain size can expose larger specific surface area, ensure that grains are fully contacted with reaction gas, and is favorable for exerting the catalytic performance of iron; and along with the diffusion of carbon atoms, the small-size iron particles can more easily realize complete carburization from the outside to the core, and the carburization finally forms high-magnetism iron carbide, thereby being beneficial to exerting the magnetic loss effect of the magnetic beads and further enhancing the microwave absorption; along with the reduction of the particle size of the magnetic beads, the deposition rate of carbon is continuously increased within a certain time, the size of the iron spinel in the magnetic beads is reduced and the distribution is more uniform, the iron catalyst can expose a larger surface area to participate in the reaction, namely, the deposition speed of the carbon is increased, meanwhile, the size of the iron spinel in the magnetic beads is reduced, the influence of vortex phenomenon generated by the iron spinel in the magnetic loss process is avoided, so that the composite material has excellent wave absorbing performance, and therefore, the composite material is obtained by adopting 0.02T separation, and the magnetic beads with the particle size of 3-400 meshes are separated by a shaking table, so that an excellent carbon coating effect can be obtained, and the subsequent adjustment of impedance matching of wave absorbing materials is facilitated.
Tests related to the microstructure and preparation parameters of the magnetic bead-carbon composite material are carried out, and the magnetic loss of a carburized ferromagnetic core with high saturation magnetization and the interface loss of a heterogeneous interface of a shell/core are shown to be under the synergistic effect of the electric loss of a graphite carbon layer, the effective absorption bandwidth of the magnetic bead-C composite material with 2mm can reach 4.3GHz, the minimum reflection loss can reach-32.4 dB, and the requirements of a microwave absorbent on the effective absorption frequency bandwidth, high absorption performance and thinness are met.
Based on the experimental study and analysis, the magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device disclosed by the invention have high iron grade (improved to more than 56%), can be applied to water treatment and wave-absorbing composite materials, and have a plurality of advantages, so that the wind magnetic dry separation device has remarkable economic and social benefits.
In addition, in some processing techniques, wet separation processes can upgrade the grade of the beads. However, the molecular morphology of the wet-selected magnetic beads is greatly changed, and the use value is limited. The magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device have spherical shape under a microscope, and have high utilization value. And, the application of wet separation technology is limited for areas with water shortage, such as the northwest.
Before the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material by using the air-magnetic dry separation device, a spiral magnetic separator is used for screening the magnetic material from expectation.
Optionally, in order to obtain a higher entering condition, before the magnetic beads are screened from the magnetic materials by using the air magnetic dry separation device, a spiral magnetic separator is used for screening the magnetic materials from expectation, so that 49.5% -53% of the magnetic materials can be obtained.
S200: the spiral dry magnetic separator mainly comprises a sorting spiral magnetic roller and a reverse tailing spiral conveying roller, wherein a fixed magnetic system with a 360-degree wrap angle is arranged in the spiral magnetic roller, spiral conveying blades are welded outside the roller, conveying blades opposite to the sorting roller are welded outside the tailing conveying roller, the rotating speed of the roller is controlled by frequency conversion, the two rollers are arranged in the same full-sealed shell, the space around the spiral magnetic roller is a sorting area, the space around the tailing conveying roller is a tailing conveying area, when iron-containing materials are fed into the sorting area from a feeding hole, as the spiral magnetic roller rotates at a high speed, coarse concentrate with magnetism is pushed to move forwards by the spiral blades, and is subjected to multiple magnetic rolling adsorption under the action of the fixed magnetic system while moving, so that tailings without magnetism or weak magnetism are turned outside and fall into the tailing conveying area by centrifugal force of the high-speed rotation, the coarse concentrate is discharged from a coarse concentrate outlet and conveyed to the tailing outlet. The rotating speed of the roller is controlled by a frequency conversion system, is set according to the properties and index requirements of ore dressing, has the advantage of controlling indexes such as rough concentrate grade, metal recovery rate, tailing grade and the like by adjusting the rotating speed of the roller, and is particularly suitable for pre-selecting and enriching fine-fraction iron-containing materials and finely selecting magnetite with coarse embedded granularity.
Before entering the spiral dry type, the grade of the magnetic beads in the magnetic material is preferably 41% -45%. Thus, the present invention also provides for S100, prior to the use of a spiral dry magnetic separator to screen the magnetic material from expectation: and (3) performing primary screening on the solid waste by using another spiral dry magnetic separator to obtain a preselected material with the grade of 41-45%.
Optionally, S400: after the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the aforementioned air-magnetic dry separation apparatus, the magnetic beads are collected using the recovery assembly 700.
When the magnetic beads are separated from the conveying component, a pre-throwing speed is generated and thrown into the recovery assembly 700 based on the gravity acceleration, and the recovery assembly 700 comprises a feeding funnel and a recovery box; the feed hopper is generally flared.
In the process of systematic experimental research of the fly ash iron extraction process technology, the inventor of the invention provides an air magnetic dry separation device which is used for the method for improving the taste of the magnetic beads so as to solve the key technical problem of low grade of the fly ash iron concentrate; and the air-magnetic dry separation device is combined to develop a dry pre-selection enrichment and dry selection process technology suitable for the fly ash; through multiple experiments and preliminary tests, the wind-magnetic dry separation device can produce qualified iron concentrate more than 2.13 ten thousand tons per year, the utilization rate of the fly ash is improved by 4-5 percent, the external discharge capacity of the fly ash is reduced by 7-9 percent, and the iron grade is improved to more than 56 percent, so that the wind-magnetic dry separation device has remarkable economic and social benefits.
(1) In the aspect of economic benefit:
the one-term engineering of the fly ash iron extraction production line built under the support of the research result of the fly ash iron extraction technology has the capability of processing 54 ten thousand tons of fly ash and producing 2.13 ten thousand tons of iron concentrate (magnetic beads) with the grade of more than 56 percent each year. The construction of a unit fly ash iron extraction production line is completed smoothly in one period of engineering and brought into normal production management, which is an exemplary production line for extracting fly ash magnetic beads in the first industry in China. The total analysis results of the fly ash iron concentrate (magnetic beads) are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 full analysis results of fly ash iron concentrate
| Size fraction/composition | TFe | SiO 2 | AI 2 O 3 | CaO | MgO | K 2 O |
| Dry separation concentrate | 56.15 | 8.54 | 3.42 | 4.71 | 1.70 | 0.125 |
| Size fraction/composition | Na 2 O | S | P | BaO | Ig | |
| Dry separation concentrate | 0.272 | 0.125 | 0.027 | 0.020 | / |
The fly ash magnetic beads have the characteristics of high iron grade (more than 56%), small particle size (D50-10 mu m), strong magnetism and the like, and are very suitable for industrial application in the fields of ferromagnetic magnetic materials, magnetic heavy media, sewage treatment and the like, so that the resource utilization potential of the fly ash magnetic beads of a certain unit is huge.
The structure and the performance of the fly ash magnetic beads provide a good basis for the resource utilization of the fly ash magnetic beads, and have attracted importance in the industry. At present, the method mainly focuses on the fields of iron resource recovery, sewage treatment, magnetic carriers, heavy medium materials, wave absorbing materials, magnetic functional materials and the like. Since the magnetic beads have high iron grade (more than 56%), in the aspect of the external sales market, 3 tons of external sales contracts are signed for trial (3000 yuan/ton); moreover, the purchasing quantity is intentionally increased to 30 tons by the outside party, and the large-scale purchasing is carried out after the related trial is successful. According to the current market price of 3000 yuan/ton, the cost of 1000 yuan/ton and annual effect of up to 1000 ten thousand yuan.
Taking fly ash generated by a power plant of an electric heating company as an example, the landfill cost of waste ash is reduced to 25 yuan/ton, the utilization rate of solid waste resources of the fly ash is improved by 4-5 percent, the fly ash landfill is reduced by about 5000 tons each year, in addition, the power plant can obtain the benefit of 15 yuan/ton by selling the raw material cost of iron concentrate extracted from the fly ash, and the total cost of the power plant can be saved by 20 ten thousand yuan/year.
(2) In terms of social benefits:
the invention accords with the development concept of 'recycling, harmless and reduction of solid waste' and the relevant national industrial policy, takes the comprehensive utilization of the solid waste resources of the fly ash as a guide, improves the utilization efficiency of the solid waste resources of the fly ash on the basis of reducing the recovery cost, strengthens the technical development of the comprehensive utilization and disposal of the solid waste resources, and widens the comprehensive utilization channel of the solid waste resources. After the project of the fly ash iron extraction production line is put into operation, the external discharge capacity of the fly ash can be reduced by 7-9%, the utilization rate of the solid waste resources of the fly ash is improved by 4-5%, and the annual reduction of the fly ash landfill of about 5000 tons is realized.
Specifically, the invention provides a wind-magnetic dry separation device, which is used for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials, and comprises: a transmission assembly 100, a magnetic assembly 200, and an air extraction assembly 300;
the transmission assembly 100 comprises a conveying component which conveys the magnetic materials to the magnetic separation areas corresponding to the magnetic force assembly 200,
when the suction assembly 300 generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic assembly 200 keeps the magnetic beads on the conveying component based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads, and the suction assembly 300 sucks the residual materials away, so that the conveying component conveys the magnetic beads to a designated area.
The magnetic material is a material with magnetism separated from solid waste; in the invention, the source of the magnetic material is fly ash of a coal-fired power plant and blast furnace tail ash; the content of total iron in fly ash raw ash is 5-11%, siO 2 The content is 35-49%. The content of iron and silica in fly ash may vary, and is not limited to the above. The coal for the boiler of the power plant contains hematite (Fe) 2 O 3 ) Siderite (FeCO) 3 ) Pyrite (FeS) 2 ) The minerals such as coal powder are burnt in the boiler, the highest temperature can reach about 1500 ℃, and because a large amount of C and CO exist in the high-temperature burning atmosphere, the atmosphere presents reducibility, and partial non-magnetic minerals can be reduced into magnetic iron (Fe) 3 O 4 ) Therefore, the fly ash can be subjected to iron extraction treatment by a magnetic separation process:
6Fe 2 O 3 +C＝4Fe 3 O 4 +CO 2 (1)
3FeCO 3 ＝Fe 3 O 4 +CO+2CO 2 (2)
3Fe 2 O 3 +CO＝2Fe 3 O 4 +CO 2 (3)
the fly ash is a solid particle aggregate with high dispersivity, and the chemical components of the fly ash and the minerals of the coal speciesThe composition is related, and the physical properties are changed according to different coal types, boiler types, combustion modes and the like. The fly ash mainly contains oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium and magnesium and a part of combustible carbon particles which are not burnt out, and the various oxides in the fly ash do not normally exist in a single mineral state but exist in a multi-phase aggregate form and mainly exist as Fe 2 O 3 、Fe 3 O 4 And ferric silicate solid solution structure tiny pellet form.
The magnetic separation region refers to a magnetic field region formed by the magnetic assembly 200; for example, referring to fig. 1, the magnetic assembly 200 is disposed below the conveying component, when the conveying component conveys the magnetic material to the magnetic separation area, the magnetic beads are attracted to the conveying component by downward magnetic force, and the non-magnetic and/or weak magnetic material is not attracted by the magnetic assembly 200; negative pressure is generated in the magnetic separation area by the air draft assembly 300, non-magnetic and/or weak magnetic materials (remainder) are sucked away by the air draft assembly 300, magnetic beads remain on the conveying component, and finally are separated from the magnetic field area under the action of the conveying component to be transferred to the designated area.
The conveying member generally refers to a conveying belt, such as a belt. Designated areas are generally referred to as reclamation components 700; the recovery assembly 700 generally includes a hopper and a recovery tank.
The transmission assembly 100 includes a transmission member, a main driving wheel, a sub driving wheel, a tensioning device, a motor, and a speed reducer; the tensioning device is used for tensioning the conveying component, so that the main driving wheel can drive the auxiliary driving wheel through the conveying component, and the magnetic material is moved in the conveying component; the motor drives the main driving wheel through a speed reducer.
Compared with the magnetic beads obtained by the existing equipment, the magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) The inventor of the invention carries out experimental research work on the application of the fly ash magnetic beads to wastewater treatment, adopts ferric trichloride of an iron system as a dephosphorizing agent, examines the experimental effect combined with the fly ash magnetic beads, and obtains magnetic powder, a magnetic powder and a magnetic powder through a coagulant magnetic bead synergistic effect experiment and a coagulant aid synergistic effect experiment,The optimal adding amount of coagulant and coagulant aid and the adding sequence of medicaments; the influence of factors such as stirring intensity, sedimentation time and the like on the wastewater treatment effect is explored, the optimal technological parameters of magnetic flocculation are determined, and experiments prove that the magnetic flocculation agent is prepared from the coagulant of ferric trichloride (FeCl) 3 ·6H 2 O) with the addition amount of 20mL/L, pH of 7.5, stirring intensity of 125r/min, and sedimentation time of 55min, the phosphorus removal rate of 95.5% and turbidity of 2.0; the fly ash magnetic beads are added in the rapid stirring stage, the phosphorus removal rate reaches 96.7%, the magnetic beads are added to cooperate with the coagulant to improve the phosphorus removal rate, the phosphorus concentration in the treated water is 0.33mg/L, and the phosphorus removal rate is superior to the first-level discharge standard index requirement in the Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996)<0.5mg/L)。
The test shows that: the magnetic fly ash beads have obviously improved copper removal effect in copper-containing wastewater after modification, and the copper removal rate can be basically over 90% by adding the modified fly ash into the copper-containing wastewater. The modification effect of sodium hydroxide on the fly ash forms an alkaline action point on the surface of the fly ash, and meanwhile, the modification effect of sodium hydroxide also changes the Si-O and Al-O structures on the surface of the original fly ash, so that the surface roughness and the surface energy of the fly ash are increased, and the adsorption performance of the fly ash is enhanced; meanwhile, in the sodium hydroxide alkali modification process, the fly ash forms a zeolite-like structure inside, so that the adsorption performance of the fly ash is improved.
(2) The inventor of the invention carries out the experimental study work carried out on the aspect of applying the fly ash magnetic beads to the wave-absorbing composite material, completes the study work of appearance detection analysis, chemical composition analysis, mineral composition analysis, particle size classification of the fly ash magnetic beads and the like, and carries out the experiments of magnetic classification test, density separation test, particle size classification and the like of the fly ash magnetic beads, and the experiment shows that: the content and the distribution state of the iron-containing phase in the magnetic beads are the key for influencing the carbon deposition of the magnetic beads, and the magnetic beads are subjected to fine classification, so that the effect and the change of the iron in the carbon deposition process can be clearly represented; after magnetic field classification, the fly ash magnetic beads are mainly concentrated in the 0.2T external magnetic field classification range, and the ratio of the fly ash magnetic beads is up to 93.46%; after the particle size classification, the particle size of the magnetic beads is mainly concentrated in-400 meshes, and the content can account for 40-60% of the total amount; the existing state of the iron spinel is changed into a long strip shape from a big block shape along with the reduction of the particle size of the fly ash magnetic beads; the smaller spinel grain size can expose larger specific surface area, ensure that grains are fully contacted with reaction gas, and is favorable for exerting the catalytic performance of iron; and along with the diffusion of carbon atoms, the small-size iron particles can more easily realize complete carburization from the outside to the core, and the carburization finally forms high-magnetism iron carbide, thereby being beneficial to exerting the magnetic loss effect of the magnetic beads and further enhancing the microwave absorption; along with the reduction of the particle size of the magnetic beads, the deposition rate of carbon is continuously increased within a certain time, the size of the iron spinel in the magnetic beads is reduced and the distribution is more uniform, the iron catalyst can expose a larger surface area to participate in the reaction, namely, the deposition speed of the carbon is increased, meanwhile, the size of the iron spinel in the magnetic beads is reduced, the influence of vortex phenomenon generated by the iron spinel in the magnetic loss process is avoided, so that the composite material has excellent wave absorbing performance, and therefore, the composite material is obtained by adopting 0.02T separation, and the magnetic beads with the particle size of 3-400 meshes are separated by a shaking table, so that an excellent carbon coating effect can be obtained, and the subsequent adjustment of impedance matching of wave absorbing materials is facilitated.
Tests related to the microstructure and preparation parameters of the magnetic bead-carbon composite material are carried out, and the magnetic loss of a carburized ferromagnetic core with high saturation magnetization and the interface loss of a heterogeneous interface of a shell/core are shown to be under the synergistic effect of the electric loss of a graphite carbon layer, the effective absorption bandwidth of the magnetic bead-C composite material with 2mm can reach 4.3GHz, the minimum reflection loss can reach-32.4 dB, and the requirements of a microwave absorbent on the effective absorption frequency bandwidth, high absorption performance and thinness are met.
Based on the experimental study and analysis, the magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device disclosed by the invention have high iron grade (improved to more than 56%), can be applied to water treatment and wave-absorbing composite materials, and have a plurality of advantages, so that the wind magnetic dry separation device has remarkable economic and social benefits.
In addition, in some processing techniques, wet separation processes can upgrade the grade of the beads. However, the molecular morphology of the wet-selected magnetic beads is greatly changed, and the use value is limited. The magnetic beads obtained by the wind magnetic dry separation device have spherical shape under a microscope, and have high utilization value. And, the application of wet separation technology is limited for areas with water shortage, such as the northwest.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the wind magnetic dry separation device further includes a driving assembly 500, and the magnetic assembly 200 further includes at least two magnetic systems; the magnetic field strengths of the at least two magnetic systems are different, and when the air suction assembly 300 generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the driving assembly 500 drives the magnetic assembly 200, so that the magnetic force between the magnetic beads and the magnetic assembly 200 can be changed.
The magnetic system may be a magnet or an energizing coil. The drive assembly 500 includes components such as a vehicle body, rails, drive motors, speed reducers, couplings, links, cams, and the like. The driving motor drives the cam to move through the speed reducer, the cam drives the connecting rod to drive the vehicle body to move on the track, the magnetic system is fixedly arranged on the vehicle body, and the magnetic field strengths of the magnetic systems on the vehicle body are different. The drive motor and the rail are fixed to both side walls of the closure assembly 400. When the driving motor acts, the magnetic system can reciprocate, so that the magnetic force of the magnetic material is continuously changed in the forward pushing process, and then the magnetic material continuously rolls, wherein the non-magnetic or weak magnetic material which is wrapped and mixed is continuously pumped away by the air draft assembly 300, and the grade of the magnetic beads is further improved.
Optionally, the movement direction of the driving assembly 500 is: in a first appointed time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is consistent; in a second designated time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is opposite to that of the transmission belt; wherein, the speed of the driving component 500 driving the magnetic component 200 is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt.
It should be noted that the first specified time and the second specified time may be set; in general, the first designated time and the second designated time may be the same; the first specified time and the second specified time may be different, without being limited thereto. When the drive assembly 500 is in the stroke within the first specified time, the drive direction of the drive belt is consistent, namely: the motion direction of the magnetic system is consistent with the motion direction of the magnetic material; when the drive assembly 500 is in the stroke within the second specified time, the direction opposite to the transmission direction of the transmission belt is: the motion direction of the magnetic system is opposite to the motion of the magnetic material; in order to improve the screening efficiency, the first designated time is smaller than the second designated time, i.e. the movement direction of the magnetic system and the movement direction of the magnetic material are reversed as much as possible. And, the speed of the driving assembly 500 driving the magnetic assembly 200 is greater than the conveying speed of the driving belt, so that the magnetic material has higher rolling strength, more non-magnetic or weak magnetic material is continuously pumped away by the air pumping assembly 300, and the grade is improved.
It should be noted that the movement direction of the driving assembly 500 may be set manually, for example, input to the controller through a terminal.
Optionally, the number of the magnetic force assemblies 200 is at least two, and the at least two magnetic force assemblies 200 are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying component, so that the magnetic material passes through at least two magnetic separation areas; the air suction assembly 300 comprises an air suction cover, the number of the air suction covers is at least consistent with that of the magnetic assemblies 200, and at least one air suction cover is arranged in each magnetic separation area.
Referring to fig. 3, the magnetic force assemblies 200 are three and are arranged at intervals in the conveying direction along the conveying member. All three magnetic assemblies 200 may be reciprocally driven by the drive assembly 500. The three magnetic force assemblies 200 form three magnetic separation regions arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying member based on the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic force assemblies; at least one exhaust hood is arranged in each magnetic separation area; for example, in the second magnetic separation area, two (or more) exhaust hoods are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveying component, so as to improve the sucking efficiency of non-magnetic or weak magnetic materials and facilitate separation.
Generally, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic assembly 200 should be gradually increased along the conveying direction of the conveying member so as to improve the grade of the magnetic beads. In addition, along the conveying direction of the conveying component, the reciprocating frequency of the driving component 500 is increased to increase the rolling strength of the magnetic material, so as to improve the grade of the magnetic beads.
Optionally, the air-magnetic dry separation device further comprises a sealing assembly 400, wherein the sealing assembly 400 is used for defining a sealed space. The closure assembly 400 may be formed of a non-magnetic material; the closure assembly 400 may be square, cylindrical or irregularly shaped (e.g., semi-cylindrical on the underside and square on the upper side); the two ends of the device are provided with rubber covers, namely an inlet and an outlet. The magnetic assembly 200 is arranged in the closed space; for example, in general, the magnetic assembly 200 can slide reciprocally on a slideway on the side wall of the closure assembly 400; of course, if the magnetic assembly 200 needs to reciprocate, a platform may be welded on the side walls of both sides, so that the magnetic assembly 200 is fixed on the platform; the conveyor belt brings the magnetic material from the inlet to the magnetic separation area and brings the magnetic beads from the outlet to the designated area. The air draft assembly 300 further comprises an air pipe and a fan, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the air draft cover, and the other end of the air pipe extends out of the closed space to be communicated with the fan. The air pipe and the side wall of the sealing assembly 400 can be in sealing connection, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the exhaust hood, the other end of the air pipe is communicated with the fan, and the fan is used for generating exhaust suction force to suck away nonmagnetic materials or weak magnetic materials.
Optionally, the wind-magnetic dry separation device further comprises a uniform thickness assembly 600, wherein the uniform thickness assembly 600 comprises a uniform thickness plate; the equal-thickness plate is arranged at the inlet; the equal-thickness plate can be a flat plate or a curved plate; a passage gap is defined between the conveying part and the conveying part, and the height of the passage gap is 2-5 mm; when the magnetic materials are conveyed to the transmission part through the feeding hopper, the magnetic materials are conical, and the thickness of the layer of the magnetic materials on the transmission part is 2-5 mm after the magnetic materials pass through the aisle gap, so that the non-magnetic or weak magnetic materials at the bottom layer can be absorbed conveniently in the magnetic separation area; moreover, the aisle gap can prevent massive materials from entering the enclosed space. Typically, a isopipe can be attached to the side wall of closure assembly 400; or, the average thickness plate may further be provided with a height adjusting component, and the height of the aisle gap is adjusted by the height adjusting component to adjust the thickness of the pavement, for example, the height adjusting component may be an electric push rod, and the electric push rod may be connected to the side wall of the sealing component 400.
Optionally, the air-magnetic dry separation device further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is in communication connection with the transmission assembly 100, and the controller is in communication connection with the air suction assembly 300. The controller can be a PLC controller, and a corresponding control program is preset in the controller; the controller is mainly used for controlling the conveying speed of the conveying assembly and the negative pressure finger of the exhaust fan. In addition, the controller is also in communication with the driving assembly 500 for controlling the motion law of the driving assembly 500. The control program of the controller may be programmed to vary, for example, an engineer may vary the control parameters, such as the rate of the drive assembly 100, the suction fan negative pressure value and the first designated time, the second designated time, etc., via assay data for the fly ash feedstock.
The foregoing description of the air-magnetic dry separation device and the air-magnetic dry separation device is only an optional embodiment of the present invention, and is not limited to the patent scope of the present invention, and all the changes of equivalent structures made by the description and the content of the drawings of the present invention or the direct/indirect application of the embodiments of the present invention in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention under the inventive concept of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An air-magnetic dry separation device for select magnetic beads from magnetic material, its characterized in that, air-magnetic dry separation device includes: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an exhaust assembly;
the transmission component comprises a transmission component which transmits the magnetic material to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic component, the transmission component is a transmission belt,
when the air draft assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic force assembly keeps the magnetic beads on the conveying component based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads, and the air draft assembly sucks the residual materials away, so that the conveying component can convey the magnetic beads to a designated area;
the wind magnetic dry separation device further comprises a driving assembly, and the magnetic assembly further comprises at least two magnetic systems; the magnetic field strength of the at least two magnetic systems is gradually increased along the conveying direction of the conveying component,
when the air draft assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the driving assembly drives the at least two magnetic systems to reciprocate, and the magnetic force between the magnetic beads and the magnetic force assembly is continuously changed, so that the magnetic beads are continuously rolled in the magnetic separation area, and the reciprocation frequency of the at least two magnetic systems is gradually increased along the conveying direction of the conveying part;
the motion direction of the driving component is as follows:
in a first appointed time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is consistent;
in a second designated time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is opposite to that of the transmission belt;
the speed of the driving assembly driving the magnetic assembly is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt, and the first designated time is less than the second designated time.
2. A magnetic air separator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said magnetic force assembly is at least two,
the at least two magnetic assemblies are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying component, so that the magnetic materials at least pass through the two magnetic separation areas;
the air draft assembly comprises air draft hoods, the number of the air draft hoods is at least consistent with that of the magnetic force assemblies, and each magnetic separation area is at least provided with one air draft hood.
3. The air-drying apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a closure assembly for defining a closed space,
the magnetic force component is arranged in the closed space;
the air draft assembly further comprises an air pipe and a fan, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the air draft cover, and the other end of the air pipe extends out of the closed space to be communicated with the fan.
4. A magnetic separator device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a thickness uniformity assembly comprising a thickness uniformity plate,
the equal-thickness plate and the conveying part define a passage gap, so that the thickness of the magnetic material layer on the conveying part is 2-5 mm after the magnetic material passes through the passage gap.
5. A magnetic separator device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a controller,
the controller is in communication with the drive assembly,
the controller is in communication connection with the air draft assembly.
6. The magnetic bead recycling method for improving the utilization rate of the fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the magnetic beads are screened from magnetic material using the air-magnetic dry separation device of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The recovery method according to claim 6, wherein, before the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air-magnetic dry separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the magnetic material is screened from expectation by using a spiral magnetic separator.
8. The recovery method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein after the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air-magnetic dry separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the magnetic beads are collected using a recovery assembly.
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