CN112616602A - Diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans - Google Patents
Diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans, which comprises the steps of land selection, soil improvement, ridging, broad bean seed treatment, sequential interval sowing of the broad beans and corns, field management and post-harvest treatment. The method is characterized in that a crop of wheat is planted in the broad bean continuous cropping land firstly, so that the barrier of the broad bean continuous cropping is eliminated, the soil is improved, and the broad bean and corn intercropping mode is adopted for sowing during the broad bean planting period, so that the broad bean continuous cropping barrier is further prevented, and the yield of the broad bean is improved. The seed cleaning and germination accelerating treatment is carried out before broad beans are sowed, so that the germination rate of the broad beans is improved, the growth characteristics of the broad beans are improved, and the yield of the broad beans is improved. After the broad beans are harvested, the corn straws are returned to the field for treatment, so that the soil is further improved, and the adverse effect of the broad bean continuous cropping obstacle is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a diversified planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans.
Background
Continuous cropping obstacles after continuous planting of the same crop or closely related crops, even under normal management conditions, the phenomena of poor growth conditions, reduced yield and poor quality can occur. The symptoms are generally poor growth and development, the yield and the quality are reduced, and in extreme cases, partial seedlings die, do not develop or develop vigorously; most of the damaged plant roots are browned, have less branches, low activity and narrow distribution range, and the capability of absorbing water and nutrients is reduced. The disorder is generally evident in the early stages of growth, which often recovers to varying degrees later.
Continuous cropping obstacles are remarkably different among botanicals, crops which are easy to generate continuous cropping obstacles are concentrated in solanaceae, leguminosae, cruciferae, cucurbitaceae and rosaceous, and the continuous cropping obstacles are generated due to various reasons, including excessive nutrient consumption, deterioration of physical and chemical properties of soil, increase of plant diseases and insect pests, accumulation of toxic substances (including allelochemicals and the like) and the like. The occurrence of the method is influenced by various environmental conditions, and the continuous cropping times (generally, the more continuous cropping times, the longer the age and the heavier the continuous cropping obstacles), the soil property (generally, clay is heavier than sandy soil and the protected field cultivation is more than the open field cultivation) and the improper management of the post-cropping water and fertilizer can aggravate the obstacles.
Broad beans are common leguminous crops, and have obvious continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon, so that overground parts of the broad beans are thin and weak in growth, yellow in leaves, delayed in flowering, less in fruiting and even withered and dead under drought conditions. In conclusion, continuous cropping obstacles seriously affect the yield of broad beans, and therefore, a planting method capable of overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a diversified planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans.
According to the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection
Broad bean continuous cropping land which is loose and fertile in soil, not easy to harden and good in air permeability and water permeability is selected, and wheat is planted in a batch before broad bean sowing;
s2, soil improvement
Soil improvement is carried out on the broad bean planting plots, wheat straws are smashed and returned to the field, decomposed organic fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied for soil improvement, the decomposed organic fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed and then spread on soil seeds, the soil is ploughed twice, and the soil is dried for 3-5 days; applying a compound fertilizer and a microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizers during the plowing period;
s3, ridging
Carrying out ridging treatment on the land, wherein the ridge height is 10cm, and the ridge width is 35 cm;
s4, broad bean seed treatment
Spreading and drying the selected broad bean seeds for 2-3 days before sowing for 10-15 days in sunny days, so that the broad bean seeds can be sterilized and prevented from diseases, activate the activity of the seed enzymes, and are beneficial to water absorption of the seeds;
soaking the seeds in clear water for 20min, taking out, then placing the seeds in a gibberellin solution of 250mg/L for soaking for 2 h, taking out, cleaning the seeds with clear water, and accelerating germination at 25 ℃;
s5, sowing the broad beans and the corns at intervals in sequence
The broad beans and the corns are alternately planted in sequence at intervals, a ridge for sowing the corns is reserved between two rows of the broad beans, the broad beans are planted in the broad bean planting period, and the corns are planted in the corn planting period;
dibbling broad beans, namely dibbling two broad beans in each hole, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the hole spacing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 9cm, and the broad beans are watered once every 15 days after being sowed;
s6, field management
Irrigating the planting plots after sowing, carrying out normal field management during the irrigation, and carrying out topdressing on nitrogen fertilizer in the broad bean branching period;
s7, post-harvest treatment
After the broad beans and the corns are harvested, turning over and rotary tillage for 2 sides, and crushing the corn straws and returning the crushed corn straws to the field.
And further, in the S2 step, the decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly decomposed biological bacteria organic fertilizer, including biological bacteria fermented decomposed crop straws, stable manure and manure.
Further, the soil conditioner comprises straws, bentonite and fermented cow dung; the ratio of the straw to the bentonite to the fermented cow dung is 30:40:30 by mass.
Further, the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner is 3: 2.
Further, during field management of the broad beans, watering and fertilizing are performed regularly; after field planting of broad bean sprouts, drop irrigation of seedling reviving water is carried out, and 8 kilograms of urea is applied per mu after buds appear and bloom.
Further, during field management of the broad beans, disease-preventing spraying of foliar fertilizer is combined in the pod setting period.
Further, during field management of the broad beans, attention is paid to pest control, growth vigor of the broad beans is checked regularly, and the pests are found and controlled in time.
Furthermore, during field management of the broad beans, weeding and loosening the soil are performed regularly.
Further, in S6, a mixed liquid fertilizer consisting of 0.8% of urea and 0.7% of boric acid is sprayed in the broad bean flowering phase, the weight ratio of the urea to the boric acid is 7:10, and the mixed liquid fertilizer is applied to 110kg per mu.
Further, in S6, 0.6% borax solution is sprayed on the broad bean leaf surfaces in the filling period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the diversity planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans, a batch of wheat is planted in the continuous cropping soil of the broad beans, the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans are eliminated, soil improvement is carried out on the soil, and sowing is carried out in a broad bean and corn intercropping mode during the broad bean planting period, so that the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans are further prevented, and the yield of the broad beans is improved. The seed cleaning and germination accelerating treatment is carried out before broad beans are sowed, so that the germination rate of the broad beans is improved, the growth characteristics of the broad beans are improved, and the yield of the broad beans is improved. After the broad beans are harvested, the corn straws are returned to the field for treatment, so that the soil is further improved, and the adverse effect of the broad bean continuous cropping obstacle is overcome.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection
Broad bean continuous cropping land which is loose and fertile in soil, not easy to harden and good in air permeability and water permeability is selected, and wheat is planted in a batch before broad bean sowing;
s2, soil improvement
Soil improvement is carried out on the broad bean planting plots, wheat straws are smashed and returned to the field, decomposed organic fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied for soil improvement, the decomposed organic fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed and then spread on soil seeds, the soil is ploughed twice, and the soil is dried for 3-5 days; applying a compound fertilizer and a microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizers during the plowing period;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly decomposed biological bacterium organic fertilizer, and comprises crop straws, stable manure and manure fermented and decomposed by biological bacteria.
The soil conditioner comprises straws, bentonite and fermented cow dung; the ratio of the straw to the bentonite to the fermented cow dung is 30:40:30 by mass.
The mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner is 3: 2.
S3, ridging
Carrying out ridging treatment on the land, wherein the ridge height is 10cm, and the ridge width is 35 cm;
s4, broad bean seed treatment
Spreading and drying the selected broad bean seeds for 2-3 days before sowing for 10-15 days in sunny days, so that the broad bean seeds can be sterilized and prevented from diseases, activate the activity of the seed enzymes, and are beneficial to water absorption of the seeds;
soaking the seeds in clear water for 20min, taking out, then placing the seeds in a gibberellin solution of 250mg/L for soaking for 2 h, taking out, cleaning the seeds with clear water, and accelerating germination at 25 ℃;
s5, sowing the broad beans and the corns at intervals in sequence
The broad beans and the corns are alternately planted in sequence at intervals, a ridge for sowing the corns is reserved between two rows of the broad beans, the broad beans are planted in the broad bean planting period, and the corns are planted in the corn planting period;
dibbling broad beans, namely dibbling two broad beans in each hole, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the hole spacing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 9cm, and the broad beans are watered once every 15 days after being sowed;
s6, field management
And irrigating the planting land after sowing, carrying out normal field management during the period, and carrying out topdressing on nitrogen fertilizer in the broad bean branching period.
S7, post-harvest treatment
After the broad beans and the corns are harvested, turning over and rotary tillage for 2 sides, and crushing the corn straws and returning the crushed corn straws to the field.
Example 2
A diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection
Broad bean continuous cropping land which is loose and fertile in soil, not easy to harden and good in air permeability and water permeability is selected, and wheat is planted in a batch before broad bean sowing;
s2, soil improvement
Soil improvement is carried out on the broad bean planting plots, wheat straws are smashed and returned to the field, decomposed organic fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied for soil improvement, the decomposed organic fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed and then spread on soil seeds, the soil is ploughed twice, and the soil is dried for 3-5 days; applying a compound fertilizer and a microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizers during the plowing period;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly decomposed biological bacterium organic fertilizer, and comprises crop straws, stable manure and manure fermented and decomposed by biological bacteria.
The soil conditioner comprises straws, bentonite and fermented cow dung; the ratio of the straw to the bentonite to the fermented cow dung is 30:40:30 by mass.
The mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner is 3: 2.
S3, ridging
Carrying out ridging treatment on the land, wherein the ridge height is 10cm, and the ridge width is 35 cm;
s4, broad bean seed treatment
Spreading and drying the selected broad bean seeds for 2-3 days before sowing for 10-15 days in sunny days, so that the broad bean seeds can be sterilized and prevented from diseases, activate the activity of the seed enzymes, and are beneficial to water absorption of the seeds;
soaking the seeds in clear water for 20min, taking out, then placing the seeds in a gibberellin solution of 250mg/L for soaking for 2 h, taking out, cleaning the seeds with clear water, and accelerating germination at 25 ℃;
s5, sowing the broad beans and the corns at intervals in sequence
The broad beans and the corns are alternately planted in sequence at intervals, a ridge for sowing the corns is reserved between two rows of the broad beans, the broad beans are planted in the broad bean planting period, and the corns are planted in the corn planting period;
dibbling broad beans, namely dibbling two broad beans in each hole, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the hole spacing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 9cm, and the broad beans are watered once every 15 days after being sowed;
s6, field management
Irrigating the planting plots after sowing, carrying out normal field management during the irrigation, and carrying out topdressing on nitrogen fertilizer in the broad bean branching period; in the field management period of the broad beans, watering and fertilizing the broad beans regularly; after field planting of broad bean sprouts, drop irrigation of seedling reviving water is carried out, and 8 kilograms of urea is applied per mu after buds appear and bloom. And in the pod setting stage, disease prevention spraying of a foliar fertilizer is combined. Paying attention to pest control, regularly checking the growth vigor of the broad beans, and finding out the pests to control in time. Weeding and loosening the soil regularly. And (3) spraying a mixed liquid fertilizer consisting of 0.8% of urea and 0.7% of boric acid in the flowering period of the broad beans, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the boric acid is 7:10, and the mixed liquid fertilizer is applied for 110kg per mu. Spraying 0.6% borax solution on the leaf surface of broad bean in the grouting period.
S7, post-harvest treatment
After the broad beans and the corns are harvested, turning over and rotary tillage for 2 sides, and crushing the corn straws and returning the crushed corn straws to the field.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A diversity planting method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, land selection
Broad bean continuous cropping land which is loose and fertile in soil, not easy to harden and good in air permeability and water permeability is selected, and wheat is planted in a batch before broad bean sowing;
s2, soil improvement
Soil improvement is carried out on the broad bean planting plots, wheat straws are smashed and returned to the field, decomposed organic fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied for soil improvement, the decomposed organic fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed and then spread on soil seeds, the soil is ploughed twice, and the soil is dried for 3-5 days; applying a compound fertilizer and a microbial organic fertilizer as base fertilizers during the plowing period;
s3, ridging
Carrying out ridging treatment on the land, wherein the ridge height is 10cm, and the ridge width is 35 cm;
s4, broad bean seed treatment
Spreading and drying the selected broad bean seeds for 2-3 days in sunny days 10-15 days before sowing;
soaking the seeds in clear water for 20min, taking out, then placing the seeds in a gibberellin solution of 250mg/L for soaking for 2 h, taking out, cleaning the seeds with clear water, and accelerating germination at 25 ℃;
s5, sowing the broad beans and the corns at intervals in sequence
The broad beans and the corns are alternately planted in sequence at intervals, a ridge for sowing the corns is reserved between two rows of the broad beans, the broad beans are planted in the broad bean planting period, and the corns are planted in the corn planting period;
dibbling broad beans, namely dibbling two broad beans in each hole, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the hole spacing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 9cm, and the broad beans are watered once every 15 days after being sowed;
s6, field management
Irrigating the planting plots after sowing, carrying out normal field management during the irrigation, and carrying out topdressing on nitrogen fertilizer in the broad bean branching period;
s7, post-harvest treatment
After the broad beans and the corns are harvested, turning over and rotary tillage for 2 sides, and crushing the corn straws and returning the crushed corn straws to the field.
2. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S2 kinds of decomposed organic fertilizers are mainly decomposed biological bacteria organic fertilizers, including biological bacteria fermented decomposed crop straws, stable manure and manure.
3. The diverse planting method for controlling the broad bean continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner comprises straws, bentonite and fermented cow dung; the ratio of the straw to the bentonite to the fermented cow dung is 30:40:30 by mass.
4. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner is 3: 2.
5. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans according to claim 1, characterized in that during field management of the broad beans, enough water and fertilizer are periodically poured; after field planting of broad bean sprouts, drop irrigation of seedling reviving water is carried out, and 8 kilograms of urea is applied per mu after buds appear and bloom.
6. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans according to claim 1, characterized in that during field management of the broad beans, disease-preventing foliar fertilizer is also sprayed in a pod-bearing period.
7. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans according to claim 1, characterized in that during field management of the broad beans, attention is paid to pest control, the growth vigor of the broad beans is checked regularly, and the pests are found and controlled in time.
8. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that during field management of the broad beans, weeding and loosening soil are performed regularly.
9. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S6, a mixed liquid fertilizer consisting of 0.8% of urea and 0.7% of boric acid is sprayed on the broad beans in the flowering phase, the weight ratio of the urea to the boric acid is 7:10, and the mixed liquid fertilizer is applied in 110kg per mu.
10. The diverse planting method for controlling the continuous cropping obstacles of the broad beans according to claim 1, wherein in S6, 0.6% borax solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the broad beans in the filling stage.
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| CN111657088A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-15 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans |
| CN112056168A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans |
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