CN112616312A - 低阻力轻质飞行器窗 - Google Patents

低阻力轻质飞行器窗 Download PDF

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CN112616312A
CN112616312A CN202080002973.2A CN202080002973A CN112616312A CN 112616312 A CN112616312 A CN 112616312A CN 202080002973 A CN202080002973 A CN 202080002973A CN 112616312 A CN112616312 A CN 112616312A
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aircraft
glass
pane
aircraft window
laminated outer
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M·鲁比
J-C·索维斯蒂
S·西蒙
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及飞行器窗，其由被空气填充的空间(3)分隔的由聚合物材料制成的单片的内部窗玻璃(1)和由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃(2)构成。

Description

低阻力轻质飞行器窗
本发明涉及一种低阻力(low-drag)轻质飞行器窗，即，在飞行中，在飞行器的内部容积增压的作用下，所述低阻力轻质飞行器窗不会通过相对于飞机的周围主体形成凸起而变形，所述凸起从空气动力学的观点和从用于推进飞行器的能量消耗的观点来看是不利的。
在此特别针对的是具有被空气填充的空间分隔的两个窗玻璃的类型的窗。这样的具有两个聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)窗玻璃的飞行器窗是已知的。在外部窗玻璃破裂的情况下，内部窗玻璃使得将飞行器的内部容积保持在期望的压力下成为可能。即使内部窗玻璃(或与其接触的周边密封件)通常提供有小的通孔，该小的通孔使得将空气填充的空间保持在在正常条件下飞行中的飞行器的内部容积的压力下成为可能，该内部窗玻璃也能够在飞行中在外部窗玻璃破裂的情况下保持该飞行器的内部容积在期望的压力下，因为所述孔足够小；在这种情况下，可能发生呼啸声(whistling)。
文献US2015/047275A1描述了一种由被空气填充的空间分隔的由聚合物材料制成的单片的内部窗玻璃和由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃构成的飞行器窗，但未描述该层压的外部窗玻璃的结构特征。
本发明人已经意识到，由单片的聚合物材料制成的重且厚的外部窗玻璃可以被由玻璃制成的较轻的层压件代替，可以选择所述层压件的组成，使得在飞行条件下，该层压件的外表面匹配飞行器的周围机身的曲率。
为此目的，本发明的一个主题是由被空气填充的空间分隔的由聚合物材料制成的单片的内部窗玻璃和由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃构成的飞行器窗，其特征在于层压的外部窗玻璃由通过粘合剂夹层粘合的两片玻璃片组成，其中外部玻璃片的厚度为0.2-2.6mm，并且内部玻璃片的厚度为0.2-2.1 mm。选择由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃（特别是玻璃片）的组成并确定尺寸以特别是获得外部窗玻璃的弯曲刚度，使得在飞行中的飞行器的内部容积增压的作用下，这个窗玻璃的外表面的曲率与其装配环境(飞行器的机身)的曲率基本上相同，从而确保装配的最佳空气动力学。术语“内部”和“外部”在这里是指飞行器的内部和外部。
应当强调的是，与空气接触的窗的外表面由玻璃制成，这与诸如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)等材料相比是有利的，聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)等材料直接通过空气摩擦而磨损，失去了良好的透明光学品质，与玻璃不同，这使得在飞行一定时间后，必须再抛光PMMA。因此，本发明使得免除这种维护操作成为可能。
根据本发明，使用由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃使得集成具有声阻尼性质的粘合剂夹层成为可能，这将在下面的示例性实施方案中更详细地看到。
使用层压的玻璃还使得能够将功能层集成在层压的结构内，例如使其免受外部和内部气氛之害的日照控制或低发射率层、用于改变光透射率的层(SPD(悬浮颗粒器件)或电致变色层)。这些层中的一些，特别是金属层，可以形成为具有孔而没有层的图样或图案，这能够允许GSM、3G、4G、5G波等通过。
在不背离本发明范围的情况下，还有利的是为与外界空气接触的窗的表面提供用于改变表面张力的层，例如疏水性、亲水性或甚至活性层，例如具有自清洁效果的具有TiO2纳米颗粒类型的光催化层。
本发明的窗的结构还有利于天线如Wi-Fi天线的集成。
根据特定的实施方案：
-单片的内部窗玻璃由聚合物材料制成，所述聚合物材料包括聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)，单独地或作为混合物，或其数种的共聚物。
-外部玻璃片的厚度为1.6-2.4 mm，内部玻璃片的厚度为0.4-1.9 mm。
-层压的外部窗玻璃包括由钠钙、铝硅酸盐或硼硅酸盐类型的化学钢化玻璃制成的玻璃片。
-层压的外部窗玻璃的玻璃的总厚度为1.5-5 mm，优选2-4.5 mm。
-层压的外部窗玻璃包括至少一个粘合剂夹层，其选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)，任选地具有声阻尼性质，热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)，乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)，或离聚物玻璃。
-在地面上(固定、静止)，与单片的内部窗玻璃相对的层压的外部窗玻璃的主表面是平面的或者是具有比飞行器的周围结构的曲率更小曲率的凸面的，使得在飞行中，在飞行器的内部容积增压的作用下，层压的外部窗玻璃的所述主表面具有与飞行器的周围结构的曲率基本上相同的曲率。当飞行器固定时，层压的外部窗玻璃是平面的时候，有利地免除成形/弯曲层压体的组成玻璃片的步骤。
-空气填充的空间处于飞行器的内部容积的压力下；这例如如上所述通过单片的内部窗玻璃中的小的通孔或其装配密封件来获得。
附图阐明本发明：
[图1]是本发明的飞行器窗在装配位置下的局部示意性横断面视图；组件的尺寸的比例不是精确的。
参照该图，所述窗包括被空气填充的空间3分隔的由厚度为2.5-12 mm的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)或聚碳酸酯(PC)制成的、例如由4 mm厚的PMMA制成的单片的内部窗玻璃1，和由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃2。
下面给出了根据本发明的层压的外部窗玻璃2的几种构成，按顺序是：外部玻璃片4/粘合剂夹层6/内部玻璃片5：
-2.1mm/0.76mmPVB/1.6mm
-2.1mm/0.76mmTPU/1.6mm
-2.1mm/0.76mm离聚物玻璃/1.6mm
-2.1mm/吸音PVB/1.6mm
-2.1mm/吸音PVB/0.7mm。
所用的玻璃是钠钙、铝硅酸盐或硼硅酸盐类型的化学钢化的。
-PVB：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛
-TPU：热塑性聚氨酯
-离聚物玻璃：由Kuraray以注册商标SentryGlas® XTRA® (SGX®)出售
-吸音PVB：各种厚度的吸音三层聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，由Sekisui 以注册商标S-LEC®Sound Acoustic Film出售，或由Kuraray以注册商标Trosifol® Acoustic出售。
单片的内部窗玻璃1和层压的外部窗玻璃2通过硅密封件8装配至飞行器的结构(铝装配件7)。
这些窗结构，特别是上述由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃2的窗结构，可以使窗减轻，同时避免在飞行中由于过大的凸出而变形，从空气动力学的观点来看，由于过大的凸出而变形是不利的。

Claims (8)

1.飞行器窗，其由被空气填充的空间(3)分隔的由聚合物材料制成的单片的内部窗玻璃(1)和由玻璃制成的层压的外部窗玻璃(2)构成，其特征在于层压的外部窗玻璃(2)由通过粘合剂夹层(6)粘合的两片玻璃片(4;5)组成，其中外部玻璃片(4)的厚度为0.2-2.6 mm，并且内部玻璃片(5)的厚度为0.2-2.1 mm。
2.如权利要求1中所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于单片的内部窗玻璃(1)由聚合物材料制成，所述聚合物材料包括聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)，单独地或作为混合物，或其数种的共聚物。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于外部玻璃片(4)的厚度为1.6-2.4 mm，并且内部玻璃片(5)的厚度为0.4-1.9 mm。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于层压的外部窗玻璃(2)包括由钠钙、铝硅酸盐或硼硅酸盐类型的化学钢化玻璃制成的玻璃片(4;5)。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于层压的外部窗玻璃(2)的玻璃的总厚度为1.5-5 mm，优选2-4.5 mm。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于层压的外部窗玻璃(2)包括至少一个粘合剂夹层(6)，所述粘合剂夹层(6)选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)，任选地具有声阻尼性质，热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)，乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)，或离聚物玻璃。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于在地面上，与单片的内部窗玻璃(1)相对的层压的外部窗玻璃(2)的主表面是平面的或者是具有比飞行器(7)的周围结构的曲率更小曲率的凸面的，使得在飞行中，在飞行器的内部容积增压的作用下，层压的外部窗玻璃(2)的所述主表面具有与飞行器(7)的周围结构的曲率基本上相同的曲率。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞行器窗，其特征在于空气填充的空间(3)处于飞行器的内部容积的压力下。
CN202080002973.2A 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 低阻力轻质飞行器窗 Pending CN112616312A (zh)

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EP4003830A1 (fr) 2022-06-01
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FR3099131B1 (fr) 2021-09-03
IL290076A (en) 2022-03-01
CA3146446A1 (fr) 2021-02-04

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