WO2021018503A1 - Hublot d'avion allege a faible traînee - Google Patents

Hublot d'avion allege a faible traînee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021018503A1
WO2021018503A1 PCT/EP2020/068542 EP2020068542W WO2021018503A1 WO 2021018503 A1 WO2021018503 A1 WO 2021018503A1 EP 2020068542 W EP2020068542 W EP 2020068542W WO 2021018503 A1 WO2021018503 A1 WO 2021018503A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slab
glass
aircraft
window according
laminated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/068542
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michel Rouby
Jean-Charles SAUVESTY
Sébastien Simon
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to BR112022000227A priority Critical patent/BR112022000227A2/pt
Priority to EP20736960.4A priority patent/EP4003830A1/fr
Priority to US17/629,664 priority patent/US20220250731A1/en
Priority to CA3146446A priority patent/CA3146446A1/fr
Priority to CN202080002973.2A priority patent/CN112616312A/zh
Priority to KR1020227000985A priority patent/KR20220035110A/ko
Publication of WO2021018503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021018503A1/fr
Priority to IL290076A priority patent/IL290076A/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2333/00—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • B32B2333/04—Polymers of esters
    • B32B2333/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an aircraft window lightened with low drag, that is to say which, under the effect of the pressurization of the interior volume of the aircraft in flight, does not deform while forming compared to the aircraft body
  • the inner slab keeps the interior volume of the aircraft under a desired pressure. Even if the interior slab (or the peripheral seal with which it is in contact) is commonly provided with a small through hole making it possible to maintain the air space under the pressure of the interior volume of the aircraft in flight under normal conditions , this inner slab is able to maintain this interior volume of the airplane under the desired pressure in flight in the event of rupture of the outer slab, because this hole is sufficiently small; in this case, a hissing sound may occur.
  • PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • Document US 2015/047275 A1 describes an airplane window composed of a monolithic inner slab of polymer material and of a laminated outer slab of glass separated by an air gap, but not the constructive characteristics of the laminated outer slab.
  • monolithic polymer thick and heavy, could be replaced by a lighter glass laminate, the constituents of which could be selected so that, under flight conditions, the outer surface of the laminate conforms to the curvature of the cabin of the surrounding plane.
  • the invention relates to an airplane window composed of a slab
  • the outer laminated slab consists of two sheets of glass bonded by means of a layer interlayer adhesive, in that the thickness of the outer glass sheet is 0.2-2.6mm, and the thickness of the inner glass sheet is 0.2-2.1mm.
  • the constituents of the outer laminated glass slab, in particular the glass sheets, are selected and dimensioned in order to obtain in particular a bending stiffness of the outer slab such that, under the effect of the pressurization of the interior volume of the aircraft in flight , the curvature of the outer surface of this slab is substantially the same as that of its mounting environment (aircraft cabin), guaranteeing the best aerodynamics of the whole.
  • the terms “interior (s)”, “exterior (s)” refer here to the interior and exterior of the aircraft.
  • the outer surface of the window in contact with the air is made of glass, which is advantageous compared to a material such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or equivalent which, directly abraded by air friction, loses good optical transparency qualities, unlike glass, requiring after a certain number of flight hours to repolish the PMMA.
  • PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • laminated glass allows the integration of an intermediate adhesive layer with an acoustic damping function, as will be seen in more detail in the embodiments below.
  • SPD Suspended Particle Device -, electrochromic
  • Some of these layers, in particular metallic, can be formed in patterns or patterns with holes without a layer, capable of allowing the passage of GSM, 3G, 4G, 5G and equivalent waves.
  • the monolithic inner slab is made of a polymer material comprising a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a polycarbonate (PC) alone or in mixtures or copolymers of several of them.
  • PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the thickness of the outer glass sheet is between 1.6 and 2.4 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass sheet is between 0.4 and 1.9 mm.
  • the laminated outer slab comprises glass sheets of chemically reinforced glass, of soda-lime, aluminosilicate or borosilicate nature.
  • the total glass thickness of the laminated outer slab is between 1.5 and 5 mm, preferably between 2 and 4.5 mm.
  • the laminated outer slab comprises at least one intermediate adhesive layer chosen from a polyvinyl butyral (PVB), optionally with an acoustic damping property, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or a glass ionomer .
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • glass ionomer glass ionomer
  • the main surface of the laminated outer slab opposite the monolithic inner slab is flat or convex with less curvature than that of the surrounding aircraft structure, so that flight, under the effect of the pressurization of the interior volume of the airplane, said main surface of the laminated outer slab has a curvature substantially identical to that of the structure of the surrounding airplane.
  • the step of shaping / bending the glass sheets constituting the laminate is advantageously dispensed with.
  • the air gap is at the pressure of the interior volume of the aircraft; this is achieved for example, as indicated above, by a small through hole in the monolithic interior slab or its mounting gasket.
  • FIG.1 is a partial schematic sectional view of the aircraft window of the invention in the mounting position; the proportions of the dimensions of the constituents are not exact.
  • the window comprises a monolithic inner slab 1 made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) with a thickness of between 2.5 and 12 mm, for example of PMMA of 4 mm thick, and a laminated outer glass slab 2 separated by an air gap 3.
  • PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • PC polycarbonate
  • outer glass sheet 4 / interlayer adhesive 6 / inner glass sheet 5 Several laminated outer slab compositions 2 according to the invention are given below, in the order: outer glass sheet 4 / interlayer adhesive 6 / inner glass sheet 5:
  • the glass used is chemically reinforced, of soda-lime, aluminosilicate or borosilicate nature.
  • PVB polyvinylbutyral
  • - Acoustic PVB acoustic tri-layer polyvinylbutyral, marketed by the Sekisui Company under the registered trademark S-LEC® Sound Acoustic Film, or by the Kuraray Company under the registered trademark Trosifol® Acoustic, in various thicknesses.
  • the monolithic inner slab 1 and the laminated outer slab 2 are identical.
  • window structures in particular those of the laminated outer glass slab 2 mentioned above, make it possible to lighten the window while avoiding excessive protuberance deformation in flight, which is unfavorable from an aerodynamic point of view.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un hublot d'avion composé d'une dalle intérieure monolithique (1) en matériau polymère et d'une dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) en verre séparées par une lame d'air (3).

Description

Description
Titre de l'invention : Hublot d’avion allégé à faible traînée
[0001 ] [La présente invention concerne un hublot d’avion allégé à faible traînée, c’est- à-dire qui, sous l’effet de la pressurisation du volume intérieur de l’avion en vol, ne se déforme pas en formant par rapport à la carrosserie de l’avion
environnante, une excroissance pénalisante d’un point de vue aérodynamique et de la consommation énergétique pour propulser l’avion.
[0002] Sont ici particulièrement visés les hublots du type à deux dalles séparées par une lame d’air. On connaît de tels hublots d’avion à deux dalles en
poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA). En cas de rupture de la dalle extérieure, la dalle intérieure permet de maintenir le volume intérieur de l’avion sous une pression désirée. Même si la dalle intérieure (ou le joint périphérique avec lequel elle est en contact) est communément munie d’un petit trou traversant permettant de maintenir la lame d’air sous la pression du volume intérieur de l’avion en vol dans les conditions normales, cette dalle intérieure est apte à maintenir ce volume intérieur de l’avion sous pression désirée en vol en cas de rupture de la dalle extérieure, car ce trou est suffisamment petit ; dans ce cas, un sifflement peut se produire.
[0003] Le document US 2015/047275 A1 décrit un hublot d’avion composé d’une dalle intérieure monolithique en matériau polymère et d’une dalle extérieure feuilletée en verre séparées par une lame d’air, mais non les caractéristiques constructives de la dalle extérieure feuilletée.
[0004] Les inventeurs se sont rendu compte que la dalle extérieure en matériau
polymère monolithique, épaisse et lourde, pouvait être remplacée par un feuilleté en verre plus léger, dont il était possible de sélectionner les constituants de sorte que, dans les conditions de vol, la surface extérieure du feuilleté épouse la courbure de la carlingue de l’avion environnante.
[0005] A cet effet, l’invention a pour objet un hublot d’avion composé d’une dalle
intérieure monolithique en matériau polymère et d’une dalle extérieure feuilletée en verre séparées par une lame d’air, caractérisé en ce que la dalle extérieure feuilletée est constituée de deux feuilles de verre collées au moyen d’une couche adhésive intercalaire, en ce que l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre extérieure est comprise entre 0,2 et 2,6 mm, et l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre intérieure est comprise entre 0,2 et 2,1 mm. Les constituants de la dalle extérieure feuilletée en verre, notamment les feuilles de verre, sont sélectionnés et dimensionnés pour obtenir notamment une raideur en flexion de la dalle extérieure telle que, sous l’effet de la pressurisation du volume intérieur de l’avion en vol, la courbure de la surface extérieure de cette dalle soit sensiblement la même que celle de son environnement de montage (carlingue de l’avion), garantissant le meilleur aérodynamisme de l’ensemble. Les termes « intérieur(es) », « extérieur(es) » se réfèrent ici à l’intérieur et l’extérieur de l’avion.
[0006] Il doit être souligné que la surface extérieure du hublot en contact avec l’air est en verre, ce qui est avantageux par rapport à un matériau comme le poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) ou équivalent qui, directement abrasé par les frottements de l’air, perd de bonnes qualités optiques de transparence, contrairement au verre, nécessitant au bout d’un certain nombre d’heures de vol de repolir le PMMA. L’invention permet donc de s’affranchir de cette opération de maintenance.
[0007] La mise en œuvre, conformément à l’invention, d’une dalle extérieure
feuilletée en verre, permet d’intégrer une couche adhésive intercalaire à fonction d’amortissement acoustique, comme il sera vu plus en détail dans les exemples de réalisation ci-dessous.
[0008] L’emploi du verre feuilleté permet également l’intégration de couches
fonctionnelles au sein de la structure feuilletée, telles que de contrôle solaire, bas-émissives protégées aussi bien de l’atmosphère extérieure qu’intérieure, des couches de modification de la transmission lumineuse (SPD - Suspended Particle Device -, électrochrome). Certaines de ces couches, notamment métalliques, peuvent être formées selon des motifs ou patterns avec des trous sans couche, aptes à permettre le passage des ondes GSM, 3G, 4G, 5G et équivalentes.
[0009] Il est également intéressant de munir la face du hublot en contact avec l’air extérieur d’une couche de modification de la tension de surface telle qu’hydrophobe, hydrophile, voire active telle que photocatalytique du type à nanoparticules de T1O2 à effet auto-nettoyant, sans sortir du cadre de l’invention.
[0010] La structure du hublot de l’invention facilite aussi l’intégration d’antennes
telles que wifi.
[0011 ] Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation :
- la dalle intérieure monolithique est en matériau polymère comprenant un poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), un polycarbonate (PC) seuls ou en mélanges ou copolymères de plusieurs d’entre eux.
- l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre extérieure est comprise entre 1 ,6 et 2,4 mm, et l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre intérieure est comprise entre 0,4 et 1 ,9 mm.
- la dalle extérieure feuilletée comprend des feuilles de verre en verre renforcé chimique, de nature sodocalcique, aluminosilicate ou borosilicate.
- l’épaisseur totale de verre de la dalle extérieure feuilletée est comprise entre 1 ,5 et 5 mm, de préférence entre 2 et 4,5 mm.
- la dalle extérieure feuilletée comprend au moins une couche adhésive intercalaire choisie parmi un polyvinylbutyral (PVB), éventuellement à propriété d’amortissement acoustique, un polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), un copolymère éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA), ou un verre ionomère.
- au sol (à l’arrêt, au repos), la surface principale de la dalle extérieure feuilletée opposée à la dalle intérieure monolithique est plane ou convexe de courbure moindre que celle de la structure de l’avion environnante, de sorte qu’en vol, sous l’effet de la pressurisation du volume intérieur de l’avion, ladite surface principale de la dalle extérieure feuilletée a une courbure sensiblement identique à celle de la structure de l’avion environnante. Quand la dalle extérieure feuilletée est plane à l’arrêt de l’avion, on s’affranchit avantageusement de l’étape de mise en forme / bombage des feuilles de verre constitutives du feuilleté.
- la lame d’air est à la pression du volume intérieur de l’avion ; cela est obtenu par exemple, comme indiqué ci-dessus, par un petit trou traversant dans la dalle intérieure monolithique ou son joint de montage.
[0012] Le dessin annexé illustre l’invention : [0013] [Fig.1 ] est une vue schématique partielle en coupe, du hublot d’avion de l’invention en position de montage ; les proportions des dimensions des constituants ne sont pas exactes.
[0014] En référence à ce dessin, le hublot comporte une dalle intérieure monolithique 1 en poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) ou polycarbonate (PC) d’épaisseur comprise entre 2,5 et 12 mm, par exemple en PMMA de 4 mm d’épaisseur, et une dalle extérieure feuilletée 2 en verre séparées par une lame d’air 3.
[0015] Plusieurs compositions de dalle extérieure feuilletée 2 conforme à l’invention sont données ci-dessous, dans l’ordre : feuille de verre extérieure 4 /adhésif intercalaire 6 / feuille de verre intérieure 5:
- 2,1 mm / 0,76 mm PVB / 1 ,6 mm
- 2,1 mm / 0,76 mm TPU / 1 ,6 mm
- 2,1 mm / 0,76 mm verre ionomère / 1 ,6 mm
- 2,1 mm / PVB acoustique / 1 ,6 mm
- 2,1 mm / PVB acoustique / 0,7 mm.
[0016] Le verre utilisé est renforcé chimique, de nature sodocalcique, aluminosilicate ou borosilicate.
- PVB : polyvinylbutyral
- TPU : polyuréthane thermoplastique
- verre ionomère : commercialisé par la Société Kuraray sous la marque enregistrée SentryGlas® XTRA® (SGX®)
- PVB acoustique : polyvinylbutyral tri-couche acoustique, commercialisé par la Société Sekisui sous la marque enregistrée S-LEC® Sound Acoustic Film, ou encore par la Société Kuraray sous la marque enregistrée Trosifol® Acoustic, en épaisseurs variées.
[0017] La dalle intérieure monolithique 1 et la dalle extérieure feuilletée 2 sont
montées sur la structure de l’avion (ferrure aluminium 7) par l’intermédiaire d’un joint silicone 8.
[0018] Ces structures de hublot, notamment celles de la dalle extérieure feuilletée 2 en verre citées précédemment, permettent d’alléger le hublot tout en évitant une déformation en excroissance trop importante en vol, défavorable d’un point de vue aérodynamique. ]

Claims

Revendications
[Revendication 1 ] [Hublot d’avion composé d’une dalle intérieure
monolithique (1 ) en matériau polymère et d’une dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) en verre séparées par une lame d’air (3), caractérisé en ce que la dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) est constituée de deux feuilles de verre (4 ; 5) collées au moyen d’une couche adhésive intercalaire (6), en ce que l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre extérieure (4) est comprise entre 0,2 et 2,6 mm, et l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre intérieure (5) est comprise entre 0,2 et 2,1 mm.
[Revendication 2] Hublot d’avion selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la dalle intérieure monolithique (1 ) est en matériau polymère comprenant un poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), un polycarbonate (PC) seuls ou en mélanges ou copolymères de plusieurs d’entre eux.
[Revendication 3] Hublot d’avion selon l’une des revendications
précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre extérieure (4) est comprise entre 1 ,6 et 2,4 mm, et l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre intérieure (5) est comprise entre 0,4 et 1 ,9 mm.
[Revendication 4] Hublot d’avion selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) comprend des feuilles de verre (4 ; 5) en verre renforcé chimique, de nature
sodocalcique, aluminosilicate ou borosilicate.
[Revendication 5] Hublot d’avion selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l’épaisseur totale de verre de la dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) est comprise entre 1 ,5 et 5 mm, de préférence entre 2 et 4,5 mm.
[Revendication 6] Hublot d’avion selon l’une des revendications
précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) comprend au moins une couche adhésive intercalaire (6) choisie parmi un
polyvinylbutyral (PVB), éventuellement à propriété d’amortissement acoustique, un polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), un copolymère éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA), ou un verre ionomère.
[Revendication 7] Hublot d’avion selon l’une des revendications
précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’au sol, la surface principale de la dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) opposée à la dalle intérieure monolithique (1 ) est plane ou convexe de courbure moindre que celle de la structure de l’avion environnante (7), de sorte qu’en vol, sous l’effet de la pressurisation du volume intérieur de l’avion, ladite surface principale de la dalle extérieure feuilletée (2) a une courbure sensiblement identique à celle de la structure de l’avion environnante (7).
[Revendication 8] Hublot d’avion selon l’une des revendications
précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la lame d’air (3) est à la pression du volume intérieur de l’avion.
PCT/EP2020/068542 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 Hublot d'avion allege a faible traînee WO2021018503A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112022000227A BR112022000227A2 (pt) 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 Janela de avião leve com baixo arrasto
EP20736960.4A EP4003830A1 (fr) 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 Hublot d'avion allege a faible traînee
US17/629,664 US20220250731A1 (en) 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 Lightweight aircraft window with low drag
CA3146446A CA3146446A1 (fr) 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 Hublot d'avion allege a faible trainee
CN202080002973.2A CN112616312A (zh) 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 低阻力轻质飞行器窗
KR1020227000985A KR20220035110A (ko) 2019-07-26 2020-07-01 낮은 항력의 경비행기 창
IL290076A IL290076A (en) 2019-07-26 2022-01-24 Window of a low-drag lightweight aircraft

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FR1908521A FR3099131B1 (fr) 2019-07-26 2019-07-26 Hublot d’avion allégé à faible traînée
FRFR1908521 2019-07-26

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BR (1) BR112022000227A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3146446A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3099131B1 (fr)
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FR3121659B1 (fr) * 2021-04-09 2023-10-27 Saint Gobain Vitrage multiple d’enceinte pressurisée ayant un film de matériau polymère adhésif et antisolaire
FR3127471B1 (fr) * 2021-09-30 2024-03-22 Saint Gobain Hublot d’aéronef allégé à rigidité égale

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FR2793106A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-03 Saint Gobain Vitrage Vitrage multiple isolant, en particulier hublot d'avion, a blindage electromagnetique
DE102007018279A1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Flugzeugtürfenster eines Verkehrsflugzeugs
DE102008056702A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-20 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Fensterscheibe mit transparentem faserverstärkten Material für ein Transportmittel
US20150047275A1 (en) 2013-08-06 2015-02-19 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Deformable aircraft window
WO2018002481A1 (fr) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-04 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage aeronautique comprenant une feuille de polymere acrylique a proprietes mecaniques ameliorees

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FR2888577B1 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2008-05-30 Saint Gobain Isover Sa Procede d'elaboration du verre
FR2909921B1 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2012-05-25 Saint Gobain Vitrage fonctionnalise
FR2954393A1 (fr) * 2009-12-21 2011-06-24 Airbus Operations Sas Dispositif et procede de maintien de parallelisme entre les deux vitres d'un double vitrage d'aeronef
WO2012043817A1 (fr) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 積水化学工業株式会社 Film intermédiaire pour verre stratifié et verre stratifié
NL2009706C2 (nl) * 2012-10-26 2014-04-29 Aviat Glass & Technology B V Glaslaminaat, hechtlaag, en voertuig omvattende een dergelijk glaslaminaat.
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FR2793106A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-03 Saint Gobain Vitrage Vitrage multiple isolant, en particulier hublot d'avion, a blindage electromagnetique
DE102007018279A1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Flugzeugtürfenster eines Verkehrsflugzeugs
DE102008056702A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-20 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Fensterscheibe mit transparentem faserverstärkten Material für ein Transportmittel
US20150047275A1 (en) 2013-08-06 2015-02-19 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Deformable aircraft window
WO2018002481A1 (fr) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-04 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage aeronautique comprenant une feuille de polymere acrylique a proprietes mecaniques ameliorees

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FR3099131A1 (fr) 2021-01-29
CN112616312A (zh) 2021-04-06
US20220250731A1 (en) 2022-08-11
BR112022000227A2 (pt) 2022-02-22
EP4003830A1 (fr) 2022-06-01
KR20220035110A (ko) 2022-03-21
FR3099131B1 (fr) 2021-09-03
IL290076A (en) 2022-03-01
CA3146446A1 (fr) 2021-02-04

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