CN112616234B - Device and method for generating underwater discharge plasma by using direct current source - Google Patents
Device and method for generating underwater discharge plasma by using direct current source Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for generating underwater discharge plasma by using a direct current source, and a method for treating industrial wastewater by using the plasma generated by the device. The device is adopted to generate plasma, a complex high-voltage pulse power supply is not needed, the power supply is simple in structure and easy for industrial application; in addition, because the rotating electrode and the discharge end movable electrode in the device generate arc plasma in a short period of time in a movement period, the ablation degree of the electrodes can be effectively reduced; the device has high discharge power, can generate a large amount of active particles and high-intensity ultraviolet rays in the solution to be treated in unit time, and can better achieve the aim of treating the aqueous solution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater discharge plasma, in particular to a device and a method for generating underwater discharge plasma by using a direct current source.
Background
The rapid development of modern industry enriches the life of materials, and simultaneously, the trouble of aggravation of environmental pollution is also inevitable. Therefore, how to degrade this kind of industrial waste water economically and effectively has become the focus of attention of contemporary environmental scientists, and a large number of researchers are working on developing an economical and efficient treatment technology.
Pulsed discharge plasma water treatmentThe technology is widely researched, because the technology as a plasma application technology is a novel water treatment technology covering various advanced oxidation technologies (such as electron radiation, ozone oxidation, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, photochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation and the like), the reaction conditions of the system are not harsh, special technical means are not needed for assistance, and the technology can be realized at normal temperature and normal pressure. High-energy electrons with strong oxidizability, excited particles, active particles such as OH free radicals and active O atoms and O with high oxidation potential are easily generated by discharge3These substances can also generate OH when entering water2Free radical and H2O2The equal-oxidation species are very economic and effective for treating low-concentration organic pollutants in water and can avoid secondary pollution to the maximum extent. The pulse discharge plasma water treatment technology has been developed rapidly in the past 20 years, and the development direction is focused on the aspects of pulse power supply design, reactor structure design, discharge form and the like. In the research on the pulse discharge plasma water treatment technology, researchers find key problems restricting the practical application of the technology: firstly, the single pulse discharge has small released energy and limited capability of treating solution pollutants, so that the technology has long treatment time in the water treatment process and is difficult to be applied to practice; secondly, after the electrode discharge part generates pulse arc discharge in the water treatment process of the high-voltage pulse discharge plasma, the electrode is seriously ablated, the discharge effect is influenced, and the electrode needs to be frequently replaced; finally, the pulse discharge plasma water treatment technology adopts a high-voltage pulse power supply, and the equipment cost is high. Therefore, an economical, reliable and efficient plasma discharge water treatment apparatus is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above situation in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for generating plasma by using a dc source, and a plasma generated by using the device to degrade organic matters in a solution and kill harmful microorganisms.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for generating an in-water discharge plasma using a dc source, comprising a driving module, a rotating electrode, at least two movable electrodes, and a stationary module; wherein,
the rotating electrode is connected with the driving module and is driven by the driving module to do circular motion by taking a central shaft of the driving module as a center;
the at least two movable electrodes are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the ends of the rotating electrodes and connected with the fixed module;
the rotating electrode repeats a separation-contact-separation process with the at least two movable electrodes during the circular motion, respectively, to generate plasma during the process.
Further, the driving module comprises a rotating shaft connected with the motor, and the center of the rotating shaft is a central shaft of the driving module.
Further, the at least two movable electrodes comprise a discharge end movable electrode and a conductive end movable electrode.
Further, the rotating electrode comprises an inner part and an outer part, wherein the inner part is a stainless steel metal part connected with the rotating shaft; the outer part is an ablation-resistant electrode material part.
Further, the discharge end movable electrode comprises an upper part and a lower part, wherein the upper part is an ablation-resistant electrode material part, and the lower part is a metal part.
Further, the fixed module comprises a reactor wall, a fixed block fixed on the reactor wall, and a connecting shaft for connecting the fixed block and the movable electrode; the at least two movable electrodes can rotate around the connecting shaft in a micro-angle mode respectively.
Furthermore, the fixed module further comprises a discharge end pressing spring with two ends respectively connected with the wall of the reaction vessel and the movable electrode of the discharge end, and a conductive end pressing spring with two ends respectively connected with the wall of the reaction vessel and the movable electrode of the conductive end.
Further, the stiffness coefficient of the discharge end compression spring is designed such that:
the rotating electrode is in reliable electrical contact with the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode in the movement process; and the number of the first and second groups,
when the rotating electrode moves to the upper part of the movable electrode at the discharge end, a gap exists between the two electrodes;
the stiffness coefficient of the conductive end urging spring is designed such that:
the rotating electrode is in reliable electrical contact with the movable electrode at the conductive end in the movement process; and the number of the first and second groups,
the conductive end movable electrode must not obstruct the circular motion of the rotating electrode.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of generating an in-water discharge plasma using apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising:
the rotating electrode does circular motion and moves to an initial position where the rotating electrode is in contact with the movable electrode at the discharge end and the movable electrode at the conductive end, and at the moment, the electrode is in a breaking state;
the rotating electrode continues to move until the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode is contacted with the conductive end movable electrode, and the rotating electrode and the discharge end movable electrode are discharged through direct current;
the rotating electrode keeps reliable electrical contact with the movable electrode at the conducting end until the rotating electrode moves to the upper part of the movable electrode at the discharging end, and plasma is generated between the rotating electrode and the movable electrode at the discharging end;
and the rotating electrode continues to move, the distance between the rotating electrode and the movable electrode at the discharge end continuously increases until the rotating electrode returns to the initial position, and the steps are repeated.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating industrial wastewater, which degrades organic matter in the wastewater and kills harmful microorganisms using plasma; wherein,
the plasma is generated using an apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention.
In summary, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for generating an in-water discharge plasma using a dc source, and a method for treating industrial wastewater using the plasma generated by the apparatus, wherein the apparatus drives a rotating electrode to perform a circular motion by a driving shaft, the rotating electrode repeats a separation-contact-separation process with at least two movable electrodes fixed on a stationary module during the circular motion, and generates a plasma that can be used for degrading organic substances in a solution and killing harmful microorganisms during the process. The device is adopted to generate plasma, a complex high-voltage pulse power supply is not needed, and the needed direct current source has a simple structure and is easy for industrial application; in addition, because the rotating electrode and the discharge end movable electrode in the device generate arc plasma in a short period of time in a movement period, compared with a continuous arc discharge mode, the ablation degree of the electrodes can be effectively reduced; the device has high discharge power, and can generate a large amount of active particles and high-intensity ultraviolet rays in the solution to be treated in unit time, thereby achieving the purpose of treating a large amount of wastewater and better achieving the purpose of treating aqueous solution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for generating an in-water discharge plasma by using a dc source according to the present invention, wherein 1, a wall of a reaction vessel, 2, a discharge end pressing spring, 3, a discharge end movable electrode, 4, a fixed block, 5, a rotary electrode, 6, a connecting shaft, 7, a rotating shaft, 8, a conductive end pressing spring, 9, a conductive end movable electrode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the movement trace of the rotating electrode of the device for generating the underwater discharge plasma by using the DC source of the present invention, wherein the center of the circle is O1The circle is a track circle of the arc surface at the lower part of the movable electrode at the discharge end, and the radius is R1(ii) a The center of the circle is O2The circle is an electrode endpoint motion track circle when the rotary electrode 5 makes circular motion around the rotary shaft 7, and the radius is R2(ii) a The center of the circle is O3The circle is a contact arc surface track circle of the movable electrode and the rotating electrode at the conductive end, and the radius is R1(ii) a The center of the circle is O4The circle is the track circle of the upper half cambered surface of the movable electrode at the discharge end, and the radius is R3；
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of various states of a device for generating in-water discharge plasma by using a DC source according to the present invention; fig. 3(a) is a state in which the rotary electrode is moved to be in contact with the discharge-end movable electrode and the conductive-end movable electrode; FIG. 3(b) is a state where the rotary electrode is moved to just contact with the lower portion of the discharge-end movable electrode and the conductive-end movable electrode; FIG. 3(c) is a state in which the rotary electrode is about to be separated when it moves to the upper portion of the movable electrode at the discharge end; FIG. 3(d) is a state where the rotary electrode is moved to be separated from the discharge end movable electrode;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for generating plasma by using the device for generating in-water discharge plasma by using a DC source.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for generating in-water discharge plasma using a direct current source, including: the device comprises a driving module, a rotating electrode, at least two movable electrodes and a fixed module. The structure of the device is schematically shown in fig. 1, and the structure of the device is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
The driving module comprises a rotating shaft connected with the motor, and the center of the rotating shaft is a central shaft of the driving module. The rotary electrode is connected with the driving module and is driven by the driving module to do circular motion by taking the central shaft of the driving module as the center.
The at least two movable electrodes are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two ends of the rotating electrode and connected with the fixed module. The at least two movable electrodes at least comprise a discharge end movable electrode 3 and a conductive end movable electrode 9. The rotating electrode comprises an inner part and an outer part, wherein the inner part is a metal material part connected with the rotating shaft, and the metal material is stainless steel, copper or other easily conductive metal materials; the outer portion is an ablation resistant electrode material member, which may be, for example, tungsten. The discharge end movable electrode includes an upper portion which is an ablation-resistant electrode material member, which may be, for example, tungsten, and a lower portion which is a metal member, which may be, for example, copper. For the discharge end movable electrode material, in order to avoid oxidation reaction of the metal electrode material in the process of treating the aqueous solution by the discharge of the device, the discharge end movable electrode should avoid adopting aluminum, iron and alloy materials thereof, and can adopt copper, tungsten or other weak reducing metal electrode materials. The rotary electrode is divided into an inner part and an outer part which are connected in a detachable mode so as to achieve the purpose of easy replacement after the electrode is ablated. Similarly, the movable electrode at the discharge end is also divided into an upper part and a lower part which are connected in a detachable mode so as to achieve the purpose of conveniently replacing the electrode.
The fixed module comprises a reactor wall 1, a fixed block 4 fixed on the reactor wall 1, a connecting shaft 6 for connecting the discharge end movable electrode 3 and the conductive end movable electrode 9 to the fixed block 4, and the discharge end movable electrode 3 and the conductive end movable electrode 9 which can rotate around the connecting shaft 6 at a micro angle, wherein the number of fixed parts such as the fixed block 4 and the connecting shaft 6 in the fixed module corresponds to the number of the movable electrodes. The discharge end pressing spring 2 with two ends respectively connected with the wall 1 of the reaction vessel and the movable electrode 3 of the discharge end, the conductive end pressing spring 8 with two ends respectively connected with the wall 1 of the reaction vessel and the movable electrode 3 of the movable end, the rotating shaft 7 connected with the motor, and the rotating electrode 5 driven by the rotating shaft 7 to do circular motion, wherein the rotating electrode 5 is used as a current path between the two movable electrodes 3 and 9. The fixed module also comprises a discharge end pressing spring 2 with two ends respectively connected with the wall 1 of the reaction vessel and the movable electrode 3 of the discharge end and a conductive end pressing spring 8 with two ends respectively connected with the wall 1 of the reaction vessel and the movable electrode 9 of the conductive end. Discharge end urgent spring 2 both ends are connected with reaction vessel wall 1 and discharge end movable electrode 3 respectively, and discharge end urgent spring 2 has suitable coefficient of stiffness to guarantee: (1) the rotating electrode 5 can be in reliable electrical contact with the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode 3 in the movement process; (2) the stiffness coefficient cannot be too large, so that a gap should exist between the two electrodes when the rotating electrode moves to the upper part of the movable electrode at the discharge end. The conductive end urging spring 8 should have a suitable stiffness coefficient to ensure that: (1) the rotating electrode 5 can be in reliable electrical contact with the conductive end movable electrode 9 in the movement process; (2) the stiffness coefficient must not be so large that the conductive end movable electrode 9 severely impedes the circular motion of the rotary electrode 5.
The rotating electrode 5 repeats the separation-contact-separation process with the discharge end movable electrode 3 and the conductive end movable electrode 9 in the process of circular motion, so as to generate underwater discharge plasma in the process, and the basic principle is as follows: when the rotating electrode 5 rotates in a circular motion to be contacted with the discharge end movable electrode 3, a large-current direct current flows through the two electrodes when the two electrodes are contacted, and at the moment, the constant-voltage constant-current direct current source works in a constant-current state. The rotating electrode 5 continues to move clockwise until the rotating electrode 5 and the movable electrode 3 at the discharge end are disconnected to generate electric arcs, the electric arcs are continuously burnt in a short period of time, and the distance between the two electrodes is continuously increased to extinguish the electric arcs. Wherein, the radius of the track circle of the circular motion of the rotating electrode 5 is R2The arc surface locus of the contact surface between the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode 3 and the rotating electrode 5 and the arc surface locus of the contact surface between the conductive end movable electrode 9 and the rotating electrode 5 are both of radius R1The upper part of the movable electrode 3 at the discharge end is positioned on the cambered surface at one side of the rotating electrode 5, and the track of the cambered surface at the discharge end is of a radius R3Is used for the arc of (1). According to some embodiments, the circular motion track circle of the rotating electrode 5 is tangent to the arc of the arc surface of the discharge end movable electrode 3, and the tangent point is the contact point when the rotating electrode 5 moves clockwise to just contact with the discharge end movable electrode 3. The circle of the circular motion track of the rotating electrode 5 is tangent to one point on the arc surface of the conductive end movable electrode 9, and the tangent point is a contact point when the rotating electrode 5 moves clockwise to contact with the conductive end movable electrode 9. According to some embodiments, the electrode erosion degree of the arcing region on the two electrodes is limited because the arc is not continuously ignited at a single point between the rotating electrode 5 and the movable electrode 3 at the discharge end. Compared with the high-field electric field required by the breakdown of the electrode gap in the pulse high-voltage discharge technology, the electric field required by the electrode gap when the device generates plasma is lower in intensity, so that the size of the electrode contact surface is not strictly restricted, and the size of the electrode can be properly increasedTo mitigate electrode erosion.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for generating plasma by using the apparatus, the method having a flowchart as shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a motion track of a rotating electrode making a circular motion as shown in fig. 2, and fig. 3(a) - (d) illustrate schematic diagrams of states of a process of generating plasma by using an apparatus for generating underwater discharge plasma by using a dc source, the method comprising the following processes in combination with the above-mentioned drawings:
as shown in fig. 3(a), the rotary electrode 5 is moved to be in contact with the discharge end movable electrode 3 and the conductive end movable electrode 9, and the electrodes are in a disconnected state, and no plasma is generated.
When the rotating electrode 5 continues to move to contact with the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode 3 and the conductive end movable electrode 9, as shown in fig. 3(b), all the electrodes are in contact, and direct current passes between the rotating electrode 5 and the discharge end movable electrode 3.
Under the action of the conductive end pressing spring 8, the rotating electrode 5 is reliably electrically contacted with the conductive end movable electrode 9 before the discharge is finished. Meanwhile, under the action of the discharge end pressing spring 2, when the rotary electrode 5 moves between the position shown in fig. 3(b) and the position shown in fig. 3(c), the two electrodes are in effective electrical contact until the rotary electrode 5 moves to the upper part of the discharge end movable electrode 3, and as shown in fig. 3(c), plasma is generated between the rotary electrode 5 and the discharge end movable electrode 3, and various high-level oxidation reactions, such as electron radiation, ozone oxidation, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, photochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation and the like, are generated at the same time.
The rotating electrode 5 continues to move, and the distance between the rotating electrode and the discharge end movable electrode 3 continuously increases until the arc can not be maintained to be extinguished, as shown in fig. 3 (d). The rotating electrode is then moved to the position shown in figure 3(a) and the process is repeated.
According to a third embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating industrial wastewater, which degrades organic matters in the wastewater and kills harmful microorganisms using plasma; the plasma may be generated using an apparatus as provided in the first embodiment of the invention. According to some embodiments, when the device is used for generating plasma to treat wastewater, a high-power direct current source can be adopted to increase the energy of single-discharge arc plasma and generate larger discharge power, so that the aim of quickly treating a large amount of aqueous solution is fulfilled. The effect of changing the number of discharges per unit time can be achieved by changing the angular velocity of the rotating electrode, thereby increasing the volume of the aqueous solution treated per unit time. And the discharge times of the rotating electrode in one circular motion period can be increased by increasing the number of the discharge end movable electrodes, the conductive end movable electrodes and the fixed connecting parts thereof on the wall of the cylindrical container, so that the effect of multiplying the solution treatment efficiency in unit time is achieved.
In summary, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for generating an in-water discharge plasma using a dc source, and a method for treating industrial wastewater using the plasma generated by the apparatus, wherein the apparatus drives a rotating electrode to perform a circular motion by a driving shaft, the rotating electrode repeats a separation-contact-separation process with at least two movable electrodes fixed on a stationary module during the circular motion, and generates a plasma that can be used for degrading organic substances in a solution and killing harmful microorganisms during the process. The device is adopted to generate plasma, a complex high-voltage pulse power supply is not needed, and the needed direct current source has a simple structure and is easy for industrial application; in addition, because the rotating electrode and the discharge end movable electrode in the device generate arc plasma in a short period of time in a movement period, compared with a continuous arc discharge mode, the ablation degree of the electrodes can be effectively reduced; the device has high discharge power, and can generate a large amount of active particles and high-intensity ultraviolet rays in the solution to be treated in unit time, thereby achieving the purpose of treating a large amount of wastewater and better achieving the purpose of treating aqueous solution.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (10)
1. A device for generating underwater discharge plasma by using a direct current source is characterized by comprising a driving module, a rotating electrode, at least two movable electrodes and a fixed module; wherein,
the rotating electrode is connected with the driving module and is driven by the driving module to do circular motion by taking a central shaft of the driving module as a center;
the at least two movable electrodes are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the ends of the rotating electrodes and connected with the fixed module;
the rotating electrode repeats a separation-contact-separation process with the at least two movable electrodes during the circular motion, respectively, to generate plasma during the process.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive module comprises a rotating shaft connected to a motor, the center of the rotating shaft being a central axis of the drive module.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least two movable electrodes comprise a discharge end movable electrode and a conductive end movable electrode.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the rotatable electrode comprises an inner portion and an outer portion, the inner portion being a stainless steel metal component connected to a rotatable shaft; the outer part is an ablation-resistant electrode material part.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said discharge end movable electrode comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, said upper portion being an ablation-resistant electrode material member and said lower portion being a metal member.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the fixed module comprises a reactor vessel wall, a fixed block fixed on the reactor vessel wall, and a connecting shaft connecting the fixed block and the movable electrode; the at least two movable electrodes can rotate around the connecting shaft in a micro-angle mode respectively.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the stationary module further comprises a discharge end pressing spring having both ends connected to the wall of the reaction vessel and the discharge end movable electrode, respectively, and a conductive end pressing spring having both ends connected to the wall of the reaction vessel and the conductive end movable electrode, respectively.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the stiffness coefficient of the discharge end compression spring is designed such that:
the rotating electrode is in reliable electrical contact with the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode in the movement process; and the number of the first and second groups,
when the rotating electrode moves to the upper part of the movable electrode at the discharge end, a gap exists between the two electrodes;
the stiffness coefficient of the conductive end urging spring is designed such that:
the rotating electrode is in reliable electrical contact with the movable electrode at the conductive end in the movement process; and the number of the first and second groups,
the conductive end movable electrode must not obstruct the circular motion of the rotating electrode.
9. A method of generating an in-water discharge plasma using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the rotating electrode does circular motion and moves to an initial position where the rotating electrode is in contact with the movable electrode at the discharge end and the movable electrode at the conductive end, and at the moment, the electrode is in a breaking state;
the rotating electrode continues to move until the lower part of the discharge end movable electrode is contacted with the conductive end movable electrode, and the rotating electrode and the discharge end movable electrode are discharged through direct current;
the rotating electrode keeps reliable electrical contact with the movable electrode at the conducting end until the rotating electrode moves to the upper part of the movable electrode at the discharging end, and plasma is generated between the rotating electrode and the movable electrode at the discharging end;
and the rotating electrode continues to move, the distance between the rotating electrode and the movable electrode at the discharge end continuously increases until the rotating electrode returns to the initial position, and the steps are repeated.
10. A method for treating industrial wastewater is characterized in that organic matters in the wastewater are degraded and harmful microorganisms are killed by adopting plasma; wherein,
the plasma is generated using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-8.
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