CN112612993B - Evaluation method for monitoring sound environment quality - Google Patents

Evaluation method for monitoring sound environment quality Download PDF

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CN112612993B
CN112612993B CN202011415467.4A CN202011415467A CN112612993B CN 112612993 B CN112612993 B CN 112612993B CN 202011415467 A CN202011415467 A CN 202011415467A CN 112612993 B CN112612993 B CN 112612993B
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张朋
郝影
张金艳
高建政
魏巍
孙宏波
张磊
宋欣爽
许杨
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Abstract

The invention discloses an evaluation method for monitoring the quality of acoustic environment, which comprises the following five steps: (1) The noise standard limit value statistics is carried out on the sound environment function area category of the determined monitoring point position; (2) Acquiring noise detection results of the environment, road traffic and functional areas of the determined area; (3) Carrying out normalization processing on the monitoring result corresponding to the noise standard limit value of the obtained monitoring point, calculating the sound environment quality index (4) of each measuring point every day, and determining the single sound environment quality comprehensive indexes in different evaluation periods and areas according to the single-point sound environment quality index; (5) The classification is subjected to an arithmetic weighting calculation to determine an acoustic environment quality evaluation index. The invention synthesizes three indexes (regional environment, road traffic and functional area environmental noise) conventionally monitored in the urban acoustic environment functional area, can evaluate the quality condition of acoustic environment of each region more scientifically and accurately, and provides decision support for environmental pollution control.

Description

Evaluation method for monitoring sound environment quality
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the quality of a noise environment.
Background
With the development of urban construction speed, the noise problem has become one of the non-negligible environmental pollution problems, and the conventional monitoring work of the sound environment quality in China is continued from the last 70 th century. The monitoring and evaluation are mainly based on the sound environment quality standard (GB 3096), the conventional monitoring technology of sound environment quality regulation (HJ 640) is promulgated in 2012, and the sound environment monitoring and evaluation work is further standardized.
Conventional monitoring of acoustic environment quality (also called routine monitoring) is mainly acoustic environment screening, and includes three parts of regional monitoring, road traffic monitoring and functional area monitoring, according to the HJ640 rule. The manual data of once-a-year monitoring is adopted as evaluation basic data for regional and road traffic monitoring; the functional area uses manual data for four days of one year monitoring (one day of each quarter) as the evaluation base data. The position and the monitoring time of the monitoring point are fixed as much as possible in the past year.
The regional monitoring generally adopts a census method, the whole urban area is divided into a plurality of square grids with the same area, and 1 monitoring point position is distributed in the center of each grid. The urban environmental noise overall level is evaluated, and the annual change rule and change trend of the urban acoustic environmental quality are analyzed.
The road traffic monitoring mainly detects noise emission characteristics of various roads (expressways, arterial roads, secondary arterial roads and the like) in cities; the characteristics of traffic noise emission of different road characteristics (traffic types, traffic flows, motor vehicle running speeds, road surface structures, road widths, sensitive building distribution and the like) are obtained. The method aims at analyzing the relation and the change rule of the noise level and the traffic flow and road conditions by acquiring the noise intensity of a road traffic noise source; and analyzing the annual change rule and change trend of urban road traffic noise.
The monitoring of the functional area adopts the general survey monitoring method in the annex B of the national standard GB3096-2008, and various functional areas roughly select a plurality of measuring points with equivalent sound levels which have no obvious difference from the average equivalent sound level of the functional area and can reflect the sound environment quality characteristics of the functional area.
The acoustic environment routine monitoring comprises three monitoring modes (areas, roads and functional areas), the corresponding evaluation methods also comprise three, the same area to be evaluated is evaluated by adopting the three evaluation methods, the contradiction of the evaluation results of the area to be evaluated is easy to cause, and the comprehensive comparison cannot be realized. For example, the average value of Leqa is used as an evaluation quantity in the regional monitoring data, the average sound level of road weighting is used as an evaluation quantity in the road traffic monitoring data, the standard rate is used as an evaluation quantity in the functional region monitoring result, the regional evaluation result is a first-level good level, the road traffic noise intensity is evaluated as a second-level good level, and the standard rate of the acoustic environment of the functional region is lower. Or the traffic flow and the urban automobile holding quantity are continuously increased, the road traffic noise is seriously influenced, and the functional area meets the standard. Therefore, the three evaluation results cannot truly reflect the quality condition of the regional sound environment. There is a need to develop new acoustic environment monitoring and evaluating methods to meet the requirements of accurate evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the existing acoustic environment quality evaluation method, and provides a more scientific acoustic environment quality evaluation method. According to the method, an SQI algorithm in an acoustic environment quality evaluation index calculation mode is developed according to the limit value of an acoustic environment quality evaluation standard and the acoustic environment quality monitoring method in the acoustic environment quality standard (GB 3096-2008) and the environmental noise monitoring technical specification, namely urban acoustic environment conventional monitoring, HJ640-2012, and the acoustic environment quality condition is comprehensively evaluated. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the category of the acoustic environment functional area where the determined monitoring point positions are located, carrying out noise standard limit value statistics;
(2) Acquiring detection results of regional environment noise, road traffic noise and functional region noise environments of the determined region;
(3) Referring to the noise standard limit value of the acoustic environment monitoring point obtained in the step (1), carrying out normalization processing corresponding to the detection result of each monitoring point, and calculating the acoustic environment quality index ISQI of each measuring point every day p single point
(4) Determining different evaluation periods according to the single-point sound environment quality index obtained in the step (3), and determining a single-point sound environment quality comprehensive index-ISQI (integrated service quality indicator) in different evaluation areas p Total
(5) ISQI obtained according to step (4) p Total The categories are arithmetically weighted to determine the acoustic environment quality assessment index SQI.
And uniformly evaluating detection results of three different modes of acoustic environment quality level, acoustic environment functional area category and acoustic environment monitoring according to the acoustic environment quality evaluation index, and performing evaluation and assessment ranking on each area.
The step (4) specifically includes:
counting monitoring frequencies of different acoustic environment monitoring types, wherein the calculation formula of single acoustic environment quality comprehensive indexes in different evaluation periods and evaluation areas is as follows:
Figure GDA0004239865510000021
Figure GDA0004239865510000022
wherein N: 1. 2,3 … …, each monitoring point is monitored for 24 hours in a period when monitoring the total frequency and the acoustic environment functional area, if the monitoring frequency is recorded as 2,3 functional area measuring points, each measuring point is measured for a period, n=6,
p=1 represents regional ambient noise monitoring; p=2 represents road traffic noise monitoring; p=3 indicates the functional area noise monitoring,
li: representing the length of a road measuring point section;
l: indicating the total length of the road measurement point segments within the evaluation area.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the method comprises the steps of comprehensively evaluating the sound environment quality through SQI, continuously performing single-point evaluation on the sound environment measurement result of a functional area in the process of environmental noise monitoring technical specification-urban sound environment conventional monitoring HJ640, comprehensively evaluating the overall regional environment noise, weighting and evaluating the road traffic noise, connecting the working requirements of automatic monitoring data evaluation of future functional area noise, and performing multidimensional processing on the evaluation result, wherein the multidimensional processing comprises measured value normalization processing, weighting dynamic assignment in different evaluation modes and weighted average of the evaluation result. The new evaluation method is more visual and scientific for evaluating the acoustic environment condition of a certain area, and a quantitative and accurate evaluation method is provided for the quality ranking and the assessment of the acoustic environment.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific steps of the method of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(1) According to the category of the acoustic environment functional area where the determined monitoring point positions are located, carrying out noise standard limit value statistics;
(2) Acquiring detection results of regional environment noise, road traffic noise and functional region noise environments of the determined region;
(3) Referring to the noise standard limit value of the acoustic environment monitoring point obtained in the step (1), carrying out normalization processing corresponding to the detection result of each monitoring point, and calculating the acoustic environment quality index ISQI of each measuring point every day p single point
(4) Determining different evaluation periods according to the single-point sound environment quality index obtained in the step (3), and determining single-point sound environment quality comprehensive indexes ISQI in different evaluation areas p Total
(5) ISQI obtained according to step (4) p Total The categories are arithmetically weighted to determine the acoustic environment quality assessment index SQI.
And uniformly evaluating detection results of three different modes of acoustic environment quality level, acoustic environment functional area category and acoustic environment monitoring according to the acoustic environment quality evaluation index, and checking acoustic environment routine monitoring results of all areas according to the order of data from small to large.
In the step (3), the calculation formula of the mass fraction index of the acoustic environment of each measuring point per day is as follows:
Figure GDA0004239865510000031
wherein: p is 1, 2 and 3;1 represents regional environmental noise monitoring; 2 represents road traffic noise monitoring; 3 represents noise monitoring of the functional area, and when p selects 1 and 3, the value is taken according to the noise standard limit value corresponding to the category of the functional area where the monitoring point is located; when p selects 2, the standard value of the daytime is 70dB (A), and the standard value of the nighttime is 55dB (A).
The step (4) specifically comprises:
counting monitoring frequencies of different acoustic environment monitoring types, wherein the calculation formula of single acoustic environment quality comprehensive indexes in different evaluation periods and evaluation areas is as follows:
Figure GDA0004239865510000032
Figure GDA0004239865510000041
wherein N: 1. 2,3 … …, when the monitoring of the total frequency acoustic environment functional area is shown, each monitoring point is monitored for 24 hours in a period, if the monitoring frequency is recorded as 2,3 functional area measuring points, and each measuring point is measured for one period, n=6.
li: representing the length of a road measuring point section;
l: indicating the total length of the road measurement point segments within the evaluation area.
In the step (5), the acoustic environment quality evaluation index SQI is specifically divided into five levels: when the sound quality is less than or equal to 90, the sound environment quality is good; when the sound is positioned between 91 and 100, the sound environment quality is better; when located at 101-110, the quality corresponding to the acoustic environment is general; at 111-120, the quality corresponding to the acoustic environment is poor; above 121, the quality of the corresponding acoustic environment is poor.
The calculation formula for determining the sound environment quality index SQI is as follows:
Figure GDA0004239865510000042
in J p And evaluating the index weight for each monitoring type, and assigning values according to the quality condition of the acoustic environment in the evaluation area.
And (1) investigating the category of the acoustic environment functional area where each monitoring point is located, carrying out standard limit statistics, determining the type of the acoustic environment functional area where each monitoring point is located according to an acoustic environment functional area division scheme issued and implemented by the government of people above county level in an evaluation area, determining the execution standard value of each monitoring point according to the standard limit requirement in acoustic environment quality standard GB3096, and carrying out row table statistics.
Step (2) collecting monitoring results of regional environmental noise, road traffic noise and functional regional sound environment collection; the three monitoring result acquisition processes are carried out according to the standard method in the conventional monitoring of urban acoustic environment of environmental noise monitoring technical specification HJ640, and the monitoring results are counted respectively.
TABLE 1 regional environmental noise monitoring results for certain regions to be evaluated
Figure GDA0004239865510000043
Figure GDA0004239865510000051
Table 2 road traffic noise monitoring results
Figure GDA0004239865510000052
Figure GDA0004239865510000061
TABLE 3 functional zone acoustic environmental monitoring results
Figure GDA0004239865510000062
Step (3) referring to the noise standard limit value of the acoustic environment monitoring point position, carrying out normalization processing corresponding to the monitoring result of each monitoring point, and calculating the acoustic environment quality index ISQI of each measuring point every day p single point
Figure GDA0004239865510000063
For regional environmental noise and road traffic noise monitoring, if night monitoring is not performed, the night monitoring evaluation amount is 0, and the daytime monitoring evaluation amount of the functional regional acoustic environmental monitoring is the continuous equivalent sound level (L d ) The night monitoring evaluation amount is the night continuous equivalent sound level (L n )。
The step (4) specifically includes:
counting monitoring frequencies of different acoustic environment monitoring types, wherein the calculation formula of single acoustic environment quality comprehensive indexes in different evaluation periods and evaluation areas is as follows:
Figure GDA0004239865510000064
Figure GDA0004239865510000065
wherein N: 1. 2,3 … …, each monitoring point is monitored for 24 hours in a period when monitoring the total frequency and the acoustic environment functional area, if the monitoring frequency is recorded as 2,3 functional area measuring points, each measuring point is measured for a period, n=6,
p=1 represents regional ambient noise monitoring; p=2 represents road traffic noise monitoring; p=3 indicates the functional area noise monitoring,
li: representing the length of a road measuring point section;
l: indicating the total length of the road measurement point segments within the evaluation area.
Step (5) ISQI obtained according to step (4) p Total The classification performs an arithmetic weighted calculation to determine the acoustic environment quality index SQI.
Figure GDA0004239865510000071
Jp:Dynamic assignment coefficient matrixes of three types of monitoring results;
Figure GDA0004239865510000072
ISQI calculated according to step (3) 1 total of 0.9165, ISQI 2 total 0.9566, ISQI 3 Total In the form of 0.9479,
the coefficient region of the three evaluation methods was 1, namely
Figure GDA0004239865510000073
And (3) calculating: SQI is 94.
According to the evaluation result, the sound environment quality level was "good".
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, which is merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims, which are to be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. An evaluation method for monitoring the quality of acoustic environment is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the category of the acoustic environment functional area where the determined monitoring point positions are located, carrying out noise standard limit value statistics;
(2) Acquiring the detection results of the environment noise, road traffic noise and functional area noise environment of the determined area;
(3) Referring to the noise standard limit value of the acoustic environment monitoring point obtained in the step (1), carrying out normalization processing corresponding to the detection result of each monitoring point, and calculating the acoustic environment quality index ISQI of each measuring point every day p single point
(4) Determining different evaluation periods according to the single-point sound environment quality index obtained in the step (3), and determining a single-point sound environment quality comprehensive index-ISQI (integrated service quality indicator) in different evaluation areas p Total
(5) According to the steps ofThe ISQI obtained in step (4) p Total The categories are arithmetically weighted to determine an acoustic environment quality evaluation index SQI,
according to the acoustic environment quality evaluation index, the detection results of three different modes of acoustic environment quality level, acoustic environment functional area category and acoustic environment monitoring are uniformly evaluated, each area evaluation and assessment ranking are carried out,
the step (4) specifically includes:
counting monitoring frequencies of different acoustic environment monitoring types, wherein the calculation formula of single acoustic environment quality comprehensive indexes in different evaluation periods and evaluation areas is as follows:
Figure FDA0004222315530000011
Figure FDA0004222315530000012
wherein N: 1. 2,3 … …, each monitoring point is monitored for 24 hours in a period when monitoring the total frequency and the acoustic environment functional area, if the monitoring frequency is recorded as 2,3 functional area measuring points, each measuring point is measured for a period, n=6,
p=1 represents regional ambient noise monitoring; p=2 represents road traffic noise monitoring; p=3 indicates the functional area noise monitoring,
li: representing the length of a road measuring point section;
l: indicating the total length of the road measurement point segments within the evaluation area.
2. A method of evaluating quality monitoring of an acoustic environment in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of the mass fraction index of the acoustic environment of each measuring point every day in the step (3) is as follows:
Figure FDA0004222315530000013
when p is 1 or 3, taking a value according to a noise standard limit value corresponding to the type of the functional area where the monitoring point is located; when p selects 2, the standard value of the daytime is 70dB (A), and the standard value of the nighttime is 55dB (A).
3. A method of evaluating quality monitoring of an acoustic environment in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the sound environment quality evaluation index SQI in the step (5) is specifically divided into five levels: when the sound quality is less than or equal to 90, the sound environment quality is good; when the sound is positioned between 91 and 100, the sound environment quality is better; when located at 101-110, the quality corresponding to the acoustic environment is general; at 111-120, the quality corresponding to the acoustic environment is poor; above 121, the quality corresponding to the acoustic environment is poor,
the calculation formula for determining the sound environment quality index SQI is as follows:
Figure FDA0004222315530000021
in J p And evaluating the index weight for each monitoring type, and assigning values by evaluating the quality condition of the regional acoustic environment.
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