CN112612083B - Optical fiber mode multiplexing and demultiplexing device and method - Google Patents
Optical fiber mode multiplexing and demultiplexing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiplexing and demultiplexing device and method of optical fiber mode, relating to the optical fiber field of optical communication, comprising: at least two single mode optical fibers; the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber comprises a few-mode fiber core and single-mode fiber cores connected with the few-mode fiber core through microstructures, wherein the few-mode fiber core and each single-mode fiber core are connected with one single-mode optical fiber, and the few-mode fiber core is used for keeping a fundamental mode transmitted by the single-mode optical fiber connected with the few-mode fiber core and performing mode conversion and coupling with the single-mode fiber core through the microstructures; and a few-mode fiber connected to the few-mode core. The optical fiber mode multiplexing and demultiplexing device can enable a high-order mode to be independently converted from a few-mode fiber core in the center to a single-mode fiber core on the periphery, and the conversion efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber optics of optical communication, in particular to an optical fiber mode multiplexing and demultiplexing device and method.
Background
The mode division multiplexing system breaks through the capacity limit of a single-mode optical fiber communication system, and the mode division multiplexing system is very popular in research at home and abroad at present. The mode multiplexer and demultiplexer is a key device in a mode division multiplexing system, and at a transmitting end, the mode multiplexer has the function of converting a plurality of fundamental modes into high-order modes and coupling the high-order modes into a few-mode optical fiber, and at a receiving end, the mode demultiplexer has the function of converting a plurality of modes in the few-mode optical fiber into a plurality of fundamental modes and coupling the fundamental modes into a plurality of single-mode optical fibers respectively.
The current mode division multiplexer has several types, such as an optical fiber type, a space light type, a silicon-based integrated type and the like. They are suitable for different applications. The optical fiber type mode multiplexer is more suitable for an optical fiber communication system because the optical fiber type mode multiplexer is more easily compatible with few-mode optical fibers.
However, because the matching conditions of the high-order modes are not consistent, the conventional optical fiber mode multiplexer formed and drawn at one time hardly meets the phase matching conditions of all the modes, so that the conversion efficiency cannot be optimal at the same time, the coupling loss of the high-order modes is larger than that of the fundamental mode, and when each mode carries an upper signal for transmission, the signal-to-noise ratio of the high-order mode signal with large loss is higher during demodulation, which is unfavorable for an optical communication system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, a first aspect of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer with high coupling efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer comprising:
at least two single mode optical fibers;
the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber comprises a few-mode fiber core and single-mode fiber cores connected with the few-mode fiber core through microstructures, wherein the few-mode fiber core and each single-mode fiber core are connected with a single-mode optical fiber, and the few-mode fiber core is used for keeping a basic mode transmitted by the single-mode optical fiber connected with the few-mode fiber core and independently performing mode conversion and coupling with each single-mode fiber core through the microstructures; and
and the few-mode optical fiber is connected with the few-mode fiber core.
In some embodiments, the microstructure is a periodic structure in the cladding or a defect structure in the core.
In some embodiments, the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber includes a few-mode fiber core and 2N single-mode fiber cores symmetrically surrounded by taking the few-mode fiber core as a center, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
In some embodiments, the fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer comprises 2N +1 of the single mode fibers.
A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a multiplexing method with high coupling efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multiplexing method using the above-mentioned optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer, the method comprising the steps of:
keeping a fundamental mode of a single-mode optical fiber connected with the few-mode fiber core coupled into the few-mode fiber core;
coupling the fundamental mode in the rest single-mode fibers into the corresponding single-mode fiber cores, and coupling the single-mode fiber cores and the few-mode fiber cores through the microstructures so as to couple the fundamental mode into the few-mode fiber cores and convert the fundamental mode into a high-order mode supported by the few-mode fiber cores;
all the modes coupled by the few-mode core are input into at least a mode fiber.
In some embodiments, the microstructure is a periodic structure in the cladding or a defect structure in the core.
In some embodiments, one single-mode fiber is coupled into a few-mode fiber core with a fundamental mode maintained, and the fundamental mode of 2N single-mode fibers is coupled into the corresponding single-mode fiber core, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
A third aspect of the present invention is to provide a demultiplexing method with high coupling efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a demultiplexing method using the above optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer, comprising the steps of:
inputting a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode optical fiber into at least a mode core;
keeping the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core unchanged, and independently converting the non-fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core into the fundamental mode through the microstructure and coupling the fundamental mode into each single-mode fiber core;
and outputting the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core and each converted fundamental mode into each single-mode optical fiber.
In some embodiments, the microstructure is a periodic structure in the cladding or a defect structure in the core.
In some embodiments, 2N +1 modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber are input into at least the mode core, the fundamental mode received by the few-mode core is kept unchanged, and the 2N non-fundamental modes received by the few-mode core are independently converted into the fundamental mode and coupled into the 2N single-mode cores through the microstructure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
in summary, the optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer of the present invention includes a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber. The few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber comprises a few-mode fiber core, the few-mode fiber core supports a plurality of modes, and each high-order mode except a fundamental mode is independently connected with one surrounding single-mode fiber core through one microstructure, so that the few-mode fiber core can independently perform mode conversion and coupling with the single-mode fiber core through the microstructures, each mode can independently optimize matching conditions, namely the high-order mode can be independently converted from the central few-mode fiber core to one surrounding single-mode fiber core, and the coupling efficiency is highest.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 5-mode fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 7-mode fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 5-mode few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a 7-mode few-mode multi-core microstructured optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the implementation of multiplexing by the fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of an implementation of demultiplexing by the optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-single mode fiber, 2-few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber, 21-few-mode fiber core, 22-single mode fiber core and 3-few-mode fiber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer, which includes at least two single-mode optical fibers 1, a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber 2, and a few-mode optical fiber 3.
The few-mode multicore microstructured fiber 2 serves as a mode coupling region and comprises a few-mode fiber core 21 and a single-mode fiber core 22 connected with the few-mode fiber core 21 through a microstructure, the few-mode fiber core 21 and each single-mode fiber core 22 are connected with a single-mode fiber 1, and the few-mode fiber core 21 is used for maintaining a fundamental mode transmitted by the single-mode fiber 1 connected with the few-mode fiber core and independently performing mode conversion and coupling with the single-mode fiber core 22 through the microstructure.
The few-mode fiber 3 is connected with the few-mode fiber core 21 and is used for mode transmission between the few-mode fiber cores.
It is worth to be noted that the core parameters of the single-mode optical fiber 1 are the same as the single-mode core 22 parameters of the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber 2, and only the fundamental mode LP is supported01And (5) transmitting.
The few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2 is an optical fiber with a few-mode fiber core 21 at the center, a plurality of single-mode fiber cores 22 distributed around the fiber, and the few-mode fiber core 21 and the single-mode fiber cores 22 are connected through a microstructure. Except for a fundamental mode, other modes supported by the few-mode fiber core 21 are subjected to mode conversion and coupling with a surrounding single-mode fiber core 22 through a microstructure. During multiplexing, light is coupled into the fiber core of the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2 from the single-mode fiber 1, and other modes except the fundamental mode coupled into the few-mode fiber core are subjected to mode conversion through the microstructure and then coupled into the few-mode fiber core to complete the multiplexing process. When demultiplexing is performed, except for the fundamental mode, the modes supported by the few-mode fiber core 21 are converted into the fundamental mode through the microstructures and coupled into the single-mode fiber core 22, and finally output to the single-mode fiber 1 to complete demultiplexing.
In some embodiments, the few-mode multi-core microstructured fiber 2 includes a few-mode core 21 and 2N single-mode cores 22 symmetrically surrounded by the few-mode core 21 as a center. Wherein N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1. In order to ensure the performance of the optical fiber, the arrangement needs to maintain symmetry of the surrounding single-mode cores 22. Correspondingly, the optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer comprises 2N +1 single-mode optical fibers 1.
Referring to fig. 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of a 5-mode fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer in the case that N is equal to 2. The cross-sectional view of the 5-mode few-mode multicore microstructured fiber can be seen in fig. 3, and 4 single-mode cores 22 are arranged around the few-mode cores 21. Referring to fig. 2, it is a schematic structural diagram of a 7-mode fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer in the case that N is equal to 3. The cross-sectional view of the 7-mode few-mode multicore microstructured fiber can be seen in fig. 4, and 6 single-mode cores 22 are arranged around the few-mode cores 21.
In addition, the microstructure is primarily used for mode conversion and coupling, and in some embodiments, the microstructure is a periodic structure in the cladding or a defect structure in the core.
The principle of the fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer in this embodiment is described as follows:
when the optical fiber serves as a mode multiplexer, each single-mode optical fiber 1 carrying different optical signals is connected with the few-mode fiber core 21 and the single-mode fiber core 22 of the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber 102, and the single-mode optical fiber 1 connected with the central few-mode fiber core 21 keeps the fundamental mode LP01Coupled into the few-mode fiber core 21, the fundamental modes in other single-mode fibers 1 are coupled with the few-mode fiber core 21 through the microstructures, the respective fundamental modes are coupled into the few-mode fiber core 21 and converted into a high-order mode LP11、LP21And the like. And finally, connecting the few-mode fiber core 21 of the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2 with the few-mode fiber 3, inputting all modes into the at least mode fiber 3 and entering a subsequent optical path, thereby realizing the function of the mode multiplexer.
When the fiber is used as a mode demultiplexer, the few-mode fiber 3 is connected with a few-mode fiber core 21 in the center of the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2, a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber 3 are input into at least the mode fiber core 21, the few-mode fiber core 21 is connected with a plurality of surrounding single-mode fiber cores 22 through microstructures, and the microstructures independently convert a plurality of high-order modes except the fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber core 21 into the fundamental mode and couple the fundamental mode into the plurality of surrounding single-mode fiber cores 22. Finally, all fiber cores (the few-mode fiber core 21 and the single-mode fiber core 22) of the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2 are respectively connected with the single-mode fiber 1, and the demodulated multiple fundamental modes are output to the multiple single-mode fibers 1, so that the function of the mode demultiplexer is realized.
In summary, the optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer of the present invention includes a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber 2. The few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2 comprises a few-mode fiber core 21, the few-mode fiber core 21 supports a plurality of modes, and each high-order mode except the fundamental mode is independently connected with one surrounding single-mode fiber core 22 through one microstructure, so that the few-mode fiber core 21 can independently perform mode conversion and coupling with the single-mode fiber core 22 through the microstructures, each mode can independently optimize matching conditions, namely the high-order mode can be independently converted from the central few-mode fiber core 21 to one surrounding single-mode fiber core 22, and the coupling efficiency is highest.
Correspondingly, referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for multiplexing by using the above-mentioned optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer, which includes the following steps:
s10, coupling the single-mode optical fiber 1 connected with the few-mode fiber core 21 into the few-mode fiber core 21 in a mode-maintaining manner;
s20, coupling the fundamental mode in the rest single-mode optical fibers 1 into the corresponding single-mode fiber core 22, and coupling the single-mode fiber core 22 with the few-mode fiber core 21 through the microstructure so as to couple the fundamental mode into the few-mode fiber core 21 and convert the fundamental mode into a high-order mode supported by the few-mode fiber core 21;
and S30, inputting all the modes coupled by the few-mode fiber core 21 into at least the mode fiber 3.
Preferably, the microstructure is a periodic structure in the cladding or a defect structure in the core.
Further, in some embodiments, one single-mode fiber 1 is coupled into the few-mode fiber core 21 with a fundamental mode remaining, and 2N fundamental modes of the single-mode fiber 1 are coupled into the corresponding single-mode fiber cores 22, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
Referring to fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for demultiplexing by using the fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer, where the method includes the following steps:
s11, inputting a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode optical fiber 3 into at least a mode fiber core 21;
s21, keeping the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core 21 unchanged, independently converting the non-fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core 21 into the fundamental mode through the microstructure, and coupling the fundamental mode into each single-mode fiber core 22;
and S31, outputting the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core 21 and each converted fundamental mode to each single-mode optical fiber 1.
Preferably, the microstructure is a periodic structure in the cladding or a defect structure in the core.
Further, in some embodiments, 2N +1 modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber 3 are input into at least the mode core 21, the fundamental mode received by the few-mode core 21 is kept unchanged, and the 2N non-fundamental modes received by the few-mode core 21 are independently converted into the fundamental mode and coupled into the 2N single-mode cores 22 through the microstructure.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer comprising:
at least two single mode optical fibers (1);
the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber (2) comprises a few-mode fiber core (21) and single-mode fiber cores (22) connected with the few-mode fiber core (21) through microstructures, the few-mode fiber core (21) and each single-mode fiber core (22) are connected with a single-mode optical fiber (1), and the few-mode fiber core (21) is used for keeping a basic mode transmitted by the single-mode optical fiber (1) connected with the few-mode fiber core and independently performing mode conversion and coupling with each single-mode fiber core (22) through the microstructures; and
and the few-mode optical fiber (3) is connected with the few-mode fiber core (21).
2. The fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer of claim 1 wherein: the microstructure is a periodic structure in a cladding or a defect structure in a fiber core.
3. The fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer of claim 1 wherein: the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber (2) comprises a few-mode fiber core (21) and 2N single-mode fiber cores (22) symmetrically surrounded by taking the few-mode fiber core (21) as a center, wherein N is a natural number larger than or equal to 1.
4. The fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer of claim 3 wherein: the optical fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer comprises 2N +1 single-mode optical fibers (1).
5. A multiplexing method using the fiber mode multiplexer and demultiplexer of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
keeping a fundamental mode of a single-mode optical fiber (1) connected with the few-mode fiber core (21) coupled into the few-mode fiber core (21);
coupling the fundamental mode in the rest single-mode fibers (1) into the corresponding single-mode fiber core (22), and coupling the single-mode fiber core (22) with the few-mode fiber core (21) through the microstructure so as to couple the fundamental mode into the few-mode fiber core (21) and convert the fundamental mode into a high-order mode supported by the few-mode fiber core (21);
all modes coupled by the few-mode core (21) are input into at least a mode fiber (3).
6. A multiplexing method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the microstructure is a periodic structure in a cladding or a defect structure in a fiber core.
7. A multiplexing method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
a single mode fiber (1) keeps a fundamental mode to be coupled into a few-mode fiber core (21), and the fundamental modes in 2N single mode fibers (1) are coupled into corresponding single mode fiber cores (22), wherein N is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1.
8. A demultiplexing method using the fiber mode multiplexing and demultiplexing device according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
inputting a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber (3) into at least the mode core (21);
keeping the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core (21) unchanged, and independently converting the non-fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core (21) into the fundamental mode through the microstructure and coupling the fundamental mode into each single-mode fiber core (22);
and outputting the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core (21) and each converted fundamental mode into each single-mode optical fiber (1).
9. A demultiplexing method according to claim 8, wherein:
the microstructure is a periodic structure in a cladding or a defect structure in a fiber core.
10. A demultiplexing method according to claim 8, wherein:
2N +1 modes including a fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber (3) are input into at least a mode fiber core (21), the fundamental mode received by the few-mode fiber core (21) is kept unchanged, and 2N non-fundamental modes received by the few-mode fiber core (21) are independently converted into the fundamental mode through a microstructure and are coupled into 2N single-mode fiber cores (22).
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