CN112612076B - Few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber and few-mode optical fiber amplifier - Google Patents

Few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber and few-mode optical fiber amplifier Download PDF

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CN112612076B
CN112612076B CN202011538807.2A CN202011538807A CN112612076B CN 112612076 B CN112612076 B CN 112612076B CN 202011538807 A CN202011538807 A CN 202011538807A CN 112612076 B CN112612076 B CN 112612076B
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邱英
陶金
刘子晨
尤全
贺志学
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Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers

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Abstract

A few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber and a few-mode fiber amplifier relate to the optical fiber field of optical communication, and the fiber comprises: the few-mode fiber core is positioned in the center of the optical fiber, the doped single-mode fiber core surrounds the few-mode fiber core, a microstructure for realizing coupling and decoupling is arranged between the few-mode fiber core and each single-mode fiber core, the microstructure is a waveguide string, and the refractive index of a material for manufacturing the waveguide string is different from the refractive index of the few-mode fiber core and the refractive index of a cladding. Different single-mode fiber cores correspond to different microstructures, and coupling and decoupling of different modes can be supported. The few-mode fiber amplifier based on the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber can control the amplification coefficient of each mode and realize the selective amplification of different modes.

Description

Few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber and few-mode optical fiber amplifier
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber optics of optical communication, in particular to a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber and a few-mode optical fiber amplifier.
Background
The mode division multiplexing can provide a new degree of freedom for optical fiber communication or an on-chip optical network, and is an effective method for improving the capacity of optical fiber communication and on-chip optical interconnection. At present, the research on the mode division multiplexing at home and abroad is very popular, and the mode division multiplexing comprises various mode division multiplexing devices such as a mode multiplexer, a few-mode optical fiber, a multi-mode optical amplifier and the like.
The multimode optical amplifier is typical and has a function of amplifying optical power of input signal light in multiple modes. The problems of the current multi-mode optical amplifier are as follows:
1. the problem of uneven mode amplification is solved, when signal light of a plurality of modes in the few-mode optical fiber enters a multi-mode optical amplifier simultaneously, the amplification factors of modes of all orders are unequal, and in the coupling and decoupling process, the signal light ratio borne by a high-order mode is weaker due to larger loss of the high-order mode, and the situation is not favorable for signal transmission;
2. the modes cannot be selectively amplified, and when a certain mode application occasion needs larger power, the existing multi-mode optical amplifier cannot independently select the signal light of the mode for amplification.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber and a few-mode optical fiber amplifier, which solve the problem of uneven amplification of signal light in different modes and can realize mode selective amplification.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber is provided, including:
the few-mode fiber core is positioned in the center of the optical fiber, the doped single-mode fiber core surrounds the few-mode fiber core, a microstructure for realizing coupling and decoupling is arranged between the few-mode fiber core and each single-mode fiber core, the microstructure is a waveguide string, and the refractive index of a material for manufacturing the waveguide string is different from the refractive index of the few-mode fiber core and the refractive index of a cladding.
Preferably, the single-mode fiber core is symmetrically arranged around the few-mode fiber core.
Preferably, the few-mode core supports multiple modes, a fundamental mode is maintained in the few-mode core, and the rest modes are coupled with the corresponding single-mode core through microstructures.
Preferably, there is a coupling periodicity in the coupling between the few-mode core and each doped single-mode core, and the length required for one coupling period is a coupling length L c ：
Figure BDA0002854332780000021
Wherein m is a positive odd number, λ is a wavelength,
Figure BDA0002854332780000022
is LP 01 The effective refractive index of a mode in the fiber,
Figure BDA0002854332780000023
is LP l,n Effective refractive index of mode in optical fiber, wherein l and n are angular and radial mode index, respectively, and both l and n are largeAn integer of 0 or more, and Re represents a real part;
when a high-order mode in the few-mode fiber core is coupled with a surrounding single-mode fiber core, coupling periodicity exists, and when the coupling period is an odd multiple of the coupling length, the coupling strength is strongest; when the coupling period is an even multiple of the coupling length, each mode couples back to the few-mode core.
On the other hand, the few-mode optical fiber amplifier based on the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber comprises a coupling module, a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber and an uncoupling module;
the coupling module is used for separating a small part of power from each mode of different modulated signal light for monitoring, and the rest signal light and the multi-channel pump light are coupled to the at least-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber;
in the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber, a few-mode fiber core receives the rest signal light and is coupled with pump light in a corresponding single-mode fiber core through each microstructure according to different modes; the pump light is controlled, the mode of the coupled signal light in the single-mode fiber core is selectively amplified, and the amplified signal light returns to the few-mode fiber core;
the decoupling module is used for performing optical decoupling on the signals output by the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber, outputting decoupled multi-channel residual pump light, monitoring a small part of the signal light output, and outputting the rest of the signal light to a transmission light path.
Preferably, the coupling module includes:
the first coupler is used for dividing each mode carrying different modulation signal light into a small part of power to monitor;
a first isolator for isolating reflected light of the rear optical path from returning to the first coupler;
the second coupler is used for coupling the multi-channel pump light with the signal light output by the first isolator and inputting the multi-core micro-structural optical fiber with less modes;
and the first optical fiber array is used for transmitting the multiple pump lights into the second coupler.
Preferably, the decoupling module includes:
a third coupler for outputting multiple residual pump light
The second optical fiber array is used for outputting the multi-path pump light from the third coupler;
a second isolator for isolating reflected light of the rear optical path;
and the fourth coupler is used for monitoring a small part of power output by the signal light output by the second isolator, and outputting the rest part of the power to the transmission optical path.
Preferably, the first coupler, the first isolator and the second coupler are all connected through few-mode optical fibers, and the third coupler, the second isolator and the fourth coupler are all connected through few-mode optical fibers;
the number of modes supported by the few-mode fiber core is the same as the number of modes supported by the few-mode fiber core, and is the same as the number of pump light and the number of optical fibers of the first optical fiber array and the second optical fiber array.
Preferably, the coupling module and the decoupling module are used for monitoring 1% -5% of the signal light power.
Preferably, there is a coupling periodicity in the coupling between the few-mode fiber core and each doped single-mode fiber core, and the length required for one coupling period is a coupling length L c ：
Figure BDA0002854332780000041
Wherein m is a positive odd number, λ is a wavelength,
Figure BDA0002854332780000042
is LP 01 The effective refractive index of a mode in the fiber,
Figure BDA0002854332780000043
is LP l,n Effective refractive index of a mode in the optical fiber, wherein l and n are respectively angular mode labels and radial mode labels, both l and n are integers greater than or equal to 0, and Re represents a real part;
when a high-order mode in the few-mode fiber core is coupled with a surrounding single-mode fiber core, the coupling periodicity exists, and when the coupling period is an odd multiple of the coupling length, the coupling strength is strongest; when the coupling period is an even multiple of the coupling length, each mode couples back to the few-mode core.
One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects:
the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber comprises a few-mode fiber core positioned in the center of the optical fiber and doped single-mode fiber cores surrounding the few-mode fiber core and the doped single-mode fiber cores, and the few-mode fiber core and each single-mode fiber core can be coupled and decoupled through a microstructure; wherein the microstructures are waveguide strings made of a material having a different refractive index from the core and the cladding, and are drawn from the preform. Different single-mode fiber cores correspond to different microstructures, and coupling and decoupling of different modes can be supported.
The few-mode fiber amplifier is characterized in that couplers are arranged at two ends of a few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber, pumping light and signal light are coupled and transmitted to the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber, the signal light acts with the pumping light coupled into a single-mode fiber core when being transmitted in the single-mode fiber core, and each path of pumping light can be respectively adjusted to be larger or smaller, so that the amplification factor of each mode is controlled, and selective amplification of different modes is realized. Moreover, the problem of uneven mode amplification in the prior art can be solved through adjustment, so that the power amplification characteristics of each mode are relatively flat, and signal transmission is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a few-mode fiber amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the coupler comprises a coupling module 1, a first coupler 11, a first isolator 12, a second coupler 13 and a first optical fiber array 14;
the optical fiber comprises a few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber 2, a few-mode fiber core 21, a single-mode fiber core 22 and a microstructure 23;
the decoupling module 3, the third coupler 31, the second fiber array 32, the second isolator 33, the fourth coupler 34;
few-mode fiber 4, pump light 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of a few-mode multicore microstructured optical fiber is provided. The few-mode fiber comprises a few-mode fiber core 21 positioned in the center of the fiber and doped single-mode fiber cores 22 surrounding the few-mode fiber core 21, a microstructure for realizing coupling and decoupling is arranged between the few-mode fiber core 21 and each doped single-mode fiber core 22, the microstructure is a waveguide string, and the refractive index of a material for manufacturing the waveguide string is different from the refractive index of the few-mode fiber core and the refractive index of a cladding. The simplest waveguide string is one in which the size, structure and material are the same and the cross-section is circular.
Specifically, a plurality of doped single-mode fiber cores are symmetrically arranged around the few-mode fiber core, the few-mode fiber core supports multiple modes, the fundamental mode is kept in the fiber core, and the signal light of the other modes can be coupled with the corresponding doped single-mode fiber core through the microstructures and then is kept to be transmitted in the corresponding single-mode fiber core. The process is realized in a distance of signal light transmission of the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber, coupling periodicity exists between the few-mode fiber core and each doped single-mode fiber core, and the length required by one period is the coupling length:
Figure BDA0002854332780000061
wherein L is c For the coupling length, m is a positive odd number, λ is the wavelength,
Figure BDA0002854332780000062
is LP 01 The effective refractive index of a mode in an optical fiber,
Figure BDA0002854332780000063
is LP l,n And the effective refractive index of the mode in the optical fiber, wherein l and n are respectively angular mode labels and radial mode labels, both l and n are integers which are more than or equal to 0, and Re represents a real part.
When the higher order modes in the few-mode core include LP 11 、LP 21 、LP 02 、LP 31 And LP 12 Coupling periodicity exists when even higher order modes couple with the surrounding single mode core. The coupling strength is strongest when the coupling period is an odd multiple of the coupling length. When the coupling period is an even multiple of the coupling length, the mode couples back to the few-mode core.
The few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber in the embodiment is a 5-core optical fiber and comprises a few-mode fiber core 21 and four single-mode fiber cores. The four high-order modes supported by the few-mode fiber core 21 can be coupled with pump light transmitted in the corresponding four single-mode fiber cores through the microstructures respectively, and then when the coupling period is odd times of the coupling length, the signal light is transmitted in the corresponding single-mode fiber cores.
As shown in fig. 2, another embodiment of a few-mode multi-core microstructured fiber is provided, which has the same principle as the previous embodiment, and is different from the previous embodiment in that the few-mode multi-core microstructured fiber is a 7-core fiber, and includes a few-mode fiber core 21 and six single-mode fiber cores 22, and the six single-mode fiber cores 22 are symmetrically and equidistantly arranged around the few-mode fiber core 21. Six high-order modes supported by the few-mode fiber core 21 can be coupled with the pump light transmitted in the corresponding six single-mode fiber cores through the microstructures respectively, and then when the coupling period is an odd multiple of the coupling length, the signal light is transmitted in the corresponding single-mode fiber cores.
As shown in fig. 3, a few-mode fiber amplifier based on the foregoing few-mode multi-core microstructured fiber is provided, which includes a coupling module 1, a few-mode multi-core microstructured fiber 2, and a decoupling module 3.
The coupling module 1 is used for separating a small part of power from each mode of different modulated signal light for monitoring, and the rest signal light and all the pump light 5 are coupled to the at least-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2.
In the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2, the few-mode fiber core 21 receives the rest signal light and is coupled with the pump light 5 in the corresponding single-mode fiber core 22 through each microstructure 23 according to different modes; the pump light 5 may be controlled by pumping to selectively amplify the mode of the coupled signal light in the doped single-mode core 22, and the mode-amplified signal light returns to the few-mode core 21.
Specifically, the transmission of the signal light in the few-mode multicore microstructured fiber 2 includes two parts, and in a mode supported by the few-mode fiber core 21, when a first coupling period is an odd multiple of a coupling length, each independent mode except a fundamental mode is coupled with the pump light 5 in one single-mode fiber core 22 through the microstructure 23, and then is transmitted in the single-mode fiber core 22 and acts on the pump light coupled into the single-mode fiber core 22, the pump light 5 is controlled to selectively amplify the mode, and the fundamental mode also acts on one pump light coupled into the few-mode fiber core 21, so that mode amplification is achieved. The pump can be adjusted in size, so that the amplification factor of the mode in each single-mode fiber core 22 can be controlled. Then, the second coupling period is an even multiple of the coupling length, the mode-amplified signal light in each single-mode core 22 is coupled with the few-mode core 21 through the microstructures 23, and the signal light of all the modes returns to the few-mode core 21 for transmission.
The decoupling module 3 is used for performing optical decoupling on signals output by the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber 2, outputting decoupled multi-channel residual pump light 5, monitoring a small part of the output of the signal light, and outputting the rest of the output to a transmission light path.
Specifically, the coupling module 1 includes a first coupler 11, a first isolator 12, a second coupler 13, and a first fiber array 14.
The first coupler 11 is used for dividing each mode of different modulated signal light into a small part of power to monitor; preferably, 1% to 5% of the optical power of the tapped signal is used for monitoring.
A first isolator 12 for isolating reflected light of the rear optical path from returning to the coupler 11;
the second coupler 13 is used for optically coupling the multi-channel pump light 5 and the signals output by the first isolator 12 and inputting the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2;
and a first optical fiber array 14 for transmitting the multiple pump lights 5 into the second coupler 13.
The decoupling module 3 includes a third coupler 31, a second fiber array 32, a second isolator 33, and a fourth coupler 34.
A third coupler 31 for outputting the plurality of paths of residual pump light 5;
a second optical fiber array 32 for outputting the multiple pump lights from the third coupler;
a second isolator 33 for isolating the reflected light of the rear optical path from returning to the third coupler 31;
and a fourth coupler 34 for monitoring at least a part of the signal light output from the second isolator 33, and outputting the rest of the signal light to the transmission optical path. Preferably, 1% to 5% of the optical power of the tapped signal is used for monitoring.
The first coupler 11, the first isolator 12 and the second coupler 13 are connected through the few-mode fiber 4, and the third coupler 31, the second isolator 33 and the fourth coupler 34 are also connected through the few-mode fiber 4.
In the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber 2, the number of modes supported by the few-mode fiber core 21 is the same as the number of modes supported by the few-mode fiber 4, and is the same as the number of pump lights 5 and the number of fibers of the first fiber array 14 and the second fiber array 32.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.

Claims (10)

1. A few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber, comprising:
the optical fiber comprises a few-mode fiber core positioned in the center of an optical fiber and doped single-mode fiber cores surrounding the few-mode fiber core, wherein a microstructure for realizing coupling and decoupling is arranged between the few-mode fiber core and each single-mode fiber core, the microstructure is a waveguide string, and the refractive index of a material for preparing the waveguide string is different from the refractive index of the few-mode fiber core and the refractive index of a cladding;
the coupling between the few-mode fiber core and each doped single-mode fiber core has coupling periodicity, and when a high-order mode in the few-mode fiber core is coupled with the surrounding single-mode fiber cores, the coupling strength is strongest when the coupling period is odd times of the coupling length; when the coupling period is an even multiple of the coupling length, each mode couples back to the few-mode core.
2. The few mode multicore microstructured optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the single-mode fiber cores are symmetrically arranged around the few-mode fiber core.
3. The few mode multicore microstructured optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the few-mode fiber core supports multiple modes, a fundamental mode is kept in the few-mode fiber core, and the other modes are coupled with the corresponding single-mode fiber core through microstructures.
4. The few-mode multicore microstructured optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the length required for one coupling period is the coupling length L c ：
Figure FDA0003780484280000011
Wherein m is a positive odd number, λ is a wavelength,
Figure FDA0003780484280000012
is LP 01 The effective refractive index of a mode in an optical fiber,
Figure FDA0003780484280000013
is LP l,n Effective refractive index of modes in optical fiber, where l and n are angular and radial mode indices, respectively, and l and nAll integers are more than or equal to 0, and Re represents a real part.
5. A few-mode fiber amplifier based on the few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber of claim 1, comprising a coupling module, a few-mode multi-core microstructure fiber and an uncoupling module;
the coupling module is used for separating a small part of power from each mode of different modulated signal light for monitoring, and the rest signal light and the multi-channel pump light are coupled to the at least-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber;
in the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber, a few-mode fiber core receives the rest signal light and is coupled with pump light in a corresponding single-mode fiber core through each microstructure according to different modes; the pump light is controlled, the mode of the coupled signal light in the single-mode fiber core is selectively amplified, and the amplified signal light returns to the few-mode fiber core;
the decoupling module is used for performing optical decoupling on the signals output by the few-mode multi-core microstructure optical fiber, outputting decoupled multi-channel residual pump light, monitoring a small part of the signal light output, and outputting the rest of the signal light to a transmission light path.
6. The few-mode fiber amplifier of claim 5, wherein the coupling module comprises:
the first coupler is used for dividing each mode carrying different modulation signal light into a small part of power to monitor;
a first isolator for isolating reflected light of the rear optical path from returning to the first coupler;
the second coupler is used for coupling the multi-channel pump light with the signal light output by the first isolator and inputting the multi-core micro-structural optical fiber with less modes;
and the first optical fiber array is used for transmitting the multiple pump lights into the second coupler.
7. The few-mode fiber amplifier of claim 6, wherein the decoupling module comprises:
a third coupler for outputting multiple residual pump light
The second optical fiber array is used for outputting the multi-path pump light from the third coupler;
a second isolator for isolating reflected light of the rear optical path;
and the fourth coupler is used for monitoring a small part of power output by the signal light output by the second isolator, and outputting the rest part of the power to the transmission optical path.
8. The few-mode fiber amplifier of claim 7, wherein the first coupler, the first isolator, and the second coupler are all connected by few-mode fibers, the third coupler, the second isolator, and the fourth coupler are all connected by few-mode fibers,
the number of modes supported by the few-mode fiber core is the same as the number of modes supported by the few-mode fiber core, and is the same as the number of pump light and the number of optical fibers of the first optical fiber array and the second optical fiber array.
9. The few-mode fiber amplifier of claim 5, wherein the coupling module and the decoupling module both tap out 1% to 5% of the optical power of the signal to be monitored.
10. The few-mode fiber amplifier of claim 5, wherein the coupling between the few-mode core and each doped single-mode core has a coupling periodicity, and the length required for one coupling period is the coupling length L c ：
Figure FDA0003780484280000031
Wherein m is a positive odd number, λ is a wavelength,
Figure FDA0003780484280000032
is LP 01 The effective refractive index of a mode in the fiber,
Figure FDA0003780484280000033
is LP l,n Effective refractive index of a mode in the optical fiber, wherein l and n are respectively angular mode labels and radial mode labels, both l and n are integers greater than or equal to 0, and Re represents a real part;
when a high-order mode in the few-mode fiber core is coupled with a surrounding single-mode fiber core, the coupling periodicity exists, and when the coupling period is an odd multiple of the coupling length, the coupling strength is strongest; when the coupling period is an even multiple of the coupling length, each mode couples back to the few-mode core.
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