CN107272115B - Mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on three-core optical fiber - Google Patents

Mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on three-core optical fiber Download PDF

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CN107272115B
CN107272115B CN201710690030.3A CN201710690030A CN107272115B CN 107272115 B CN107272115 B CN 107272115B CN 201710690030 A CN201710690030 A CN 201710690030A CN 107272115 B CN107272115 B CN 107272115B
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fiber
mode
core
optical fiber
iii
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CN107272115A (en
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韦锦
张恩隆
赵霞
张冬梅
陈明阳
骆鹏程
孙伟雄
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Jiangsu Fasten Optoelectronics Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/04—Mode multiplex systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on a three-core optical fiber, which comprises a main body and a single-mode optical fiberI, single mode fiber II and few mode fiber, single mode fiber I and single mode fiber II are at the one end of main part, and few mode fiber is at the other end of main part, and the main part is the three-core fiber that comprises fiber core I, fiber core II, fiber core III and cladding, has write long period fiber grating in the fiber core III. By utilizing the relative position relationship between two single-mode fiber cores and the few-mode fiber core written into the long-period fiber grating, the LP of the fiber core I and the fiber core II can be realized 01 Mode and two degenerate LPs in core III, respectively 11 The mode is coupled, and then input and output are carried out through the matched single mode fiber and the few mode fiber, so that LP is input through the two single mode fibers 01 Mode can realize LP in few-mode optical fiber 11,a Mold and LP 11,b Mode multiplexing of modes can also realize the input of LP to the few-mode optical fiber 11,a Mold and LP 11,b LP with mode splitting into two single mode fibers 01 Mode demultiplexing of the mode has lower loss and crosstalk when applied to the mode division multiplexing system.

Description

Mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on three-core optical fiber
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on a three-core optical fiber, belonging to the field of mode division multiplexing communication based on a few-mode optical fiber.
Background
So far, the optical fiber communication system mainly adopts the wavelength division multiplexing technology to maintain the continuous increase of network traffic demand. However, single-mode optical fibers have tended to be limited in their transmission capacity by their inherent nonlinear effects. The mode division multiplexing technology based on the few-mode optical fiber can significantly improve the transmission capacity of the system and is regarded as the next-generation optical communication technology.
The mode division multiplexing technology based on the few-mode optical fiber does not use a certain mode in the few-mode optical fiber any more, and a plurality of modes in the few-mode optical fiber are required to be transmitted simultaneously and stably. Thus, a mode multiplexer is required at the transmitting end to couple multiple modes into the few-mode fiber and a mode demultiplexer is also required at the receiving end to split multiple modes in the few-mode fiber.
The mode multiplexer/demultiplexer is used as a key device in a mode multiplexing system and directly relates to the quality of mode transmission in a few-mode optical fiber. Existing mode multiplexers typically require three steps to operate.
The first step is to directly splice the few-mode fiber with the single-mode fiber to excite the fundamental mode in the few-mode fiber, but the connection loss of the two directly spliced fibers is large, and crosstalk between modes is also caused.
In the second step, a plurality of mode converters are used to convert the fundamental mode in the few-mode optical fiber into a certain higher-order mode, but broadband mode conversion with the conversion efficiency reaching 20dB is difficult, and the phenomenon that the residual fundamental mode causes crosstalk to the converted higher-order mode is generally existed.
And thirdly, coupling the mode in the plurality of few-mode optical fibers into one few-mode optical fiber. The mode demultiplexer works in the reverse process.
Therefore, the existing mode multiplexer/demultiplexer has larger loss and crosstalk during operation, thereby affecting the transmission quality of information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a three-core optical fiber-based mode multiplexer and a three-core optical fiber-based mode demultiplexer with low loss and low crosstalk.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
the mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on the three-core optical fiber comprises a main body, a single-mode optical fiber I, a single-mode optical fiber II and a few-mode optical fiber, wherein the single-mode optical fiber I and the single-mode optical fiber II are arranged at one end of the main body, the few-mode optical fiber is arranged at the other end of the main body, the main body is a three-core optical fiber formed by a fiber core I, a fiber core II, a fiber core III and a cladding, and a long-period fiber grating is written in the fiber core III.
The centers of the fiber core I and the fiber core II are respectively equal to the distance d between the centers of the fiber core III, and the connecting lines of the centers of the fiber core I and the fiber core II and the center of the fiber core III are mutually perpendicular.
The length of the main body is longer than that of the long-period fiber grating.
The single-mode optical fiber I and the single-mode optical fiber II are the same, the fiber cores of the single-mode optical fiber I and the single-mode optical fiber II are the same as the fiber cores I and the fiber cores II, the fiber cores are connected with the fiber cores I and the fiber cores II respectively, and the fiber cores of the few-mode optical fiber are the same as the fiber cores III in diameter and connected with the fiber cores III.
The cladding diameters of the single-mode optical fibers I and II and the cladding diameter of one end of the few-mode optical fiber connected with the main body are smaller than the cladding diameter of the other end, and a transition area is formed.
The refractive indexes of the fiber cores of the single-mode optical fibers I and II are the same as those of the fiber cores I and II, the refractive index of the fiber core of the few-mode optical fiber is the same as that of the fiber core III, and the refractive indexes of the cladding of the single-mode optical fibers I and II and the few-mode optical fiber are the same as that of the cladding.
The fiber core I and the fiber core II are the same single-mode fiber core, namely the normalized frequencies of the fiber core I and the fiber core II are V respectively Ⅰ And V Ⅱ Satisfy V Ⅰ ＝V Ⅱ < 2.405, core III is the few-mode core, i.e. normalized frequency V of core III (1.3) Ⅲ Satisfy V Ⅲ ＞2.405。
The period of the long period fiber grating satisfies Λ=λ 0 /(n b (λ 0 )-n a (λ 0 ) Wherein lambda is 0 Is the center wavelength of the grating, n a (λ 0 ) And n b (λ 0 ) LP in core I, respectively 01 LP in die and core III 11 Effective refractive index of the mode; the length L of the long period fiber grating is taken as LP in the fiber core I 01 LP in die and core III 11 Coupling length of the mode.
The cladding diameter at the end of the single-mode optical fiber I and the single-mode optical fiber II connected with the main body is D a Satisfy D a ＜2d-d b One end of the few-mode optical fiber connected with the main body is provided with a cladding diameter D b Satisfy D b ＜2d-d a Wherein d is a Diameter d of core I and core II b Is the diameter of the core III.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the relative position relationship between two single-mode fiber cores and the few-mode fiber core written in the long-period fiber grating to make LP of fiber core I and fiber core II 01 Mode and two degenerate LPs in core III, respectively 11 Mold (LP) 11,a Mold and LP 11,b Mode), and then input and output are performed through the matched single mode fiber and the few mode fiber, thereby inputting LP through the two single mode fibers 01 Mode can realize LP in few-mode optical fiber 11,a Mold and LP 11,b Mode multiplexing of modes can also realize the input of LP to the few-mode optical fiber 11,a Mold and LP 11,b LP with mode splitting into two single mode fibers 01 Mode demultiplexing of the modes. The invention can be applied to a mode division multiplexing system based on few-mode optical fibers, and has lower loss and crosstalk.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on a three-core optical fiber according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of energy of three intra-core modes in a body without long period fiber grating as a function of propagation distance for d=24 μm.
FIG. 3 shows the input LP from the core I of the present invention 01 And a graph of energy coupling of modes in a long-period fiber grating region as a function of propagation distance.
FIG. 4 shows the input LP from the core II of the present invention 01 And a graph of energy coupling of modes in a long-period fiber grating region as a function of propagation distance.
FIG. 5 shows the input LP from the core I of the present invention 01 A mode profile for a long period fiber grating region at different propagation distances, (a) z=0, (b) z=l/3, (c) z=2L/3, and (d) z=l.
FIG. 6 shows the input LP from core II of the present invention 01 A mode profile for a long period fiber grating region at different propagation distances, (a) z=0, (b) z=l/3, (c) z=2L/3, and (d) z=l.
FIG. 7 shows the input LP from the core I of the present invention 01 And (3) carrying out mode normalization on a relation graph of output energy with wavelength in a long-period fiber grating region.
FIG. 8 shows the input LP from core II of the present invention 01 And (3) carrying out mode normalization on a relation graph of output energy with wavelength in a long-period fiber grating region.
FIG. 9 shows the LP of the present invention in the core III of the long period fiber grating region 01 Mold, LP 21 Mold and LP 02 Normalized output energy versus wavelength for a mode.
Wherein: the fiber comprises a main body 1, a fiber core I1.1, a fiber core II 1.2, a fiber core III 1.3, a cladding 1.4, a long-period fiber grating 1.5, a single-mode fiber I2, a single-mode fiber II 3 and a few-mode fiber 4.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the main body 1 of the mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on the three-core optical fiber is a three-core optical fiber composed of a fiber core I1.1, a fiber core II 1.2, a fiber core III 1.3 and a cladding 1.4, the fiber core I1.1 and the fiber core II 1.2 are two identical single-mode fiber cores, the fiber core III 1.3 is a few-mode fiber core, the centers of the fiber core I1.1 and the fiber core II 1.2 are respectively perpendicular to the connecting line of the centers of the fiber core III 1.3, and the fiber core spacing d (the distances between the centers of the fiber core I1.1 and the fiber core II 1.2 and the center of the fiber core III 1.3) are respectively equal. A section of long period fiber grating 1.5 is written in the fiber core III 1.3 to lead the LP of the fiber cores I1.1 and II 1.2 01 LP in die and core III 1.3 11 The mode meets the phase matching condition of the long-period fiber grating, and the period of the long-period fiber grating 1.5 meets Λ=λ 0 /(n b (λ 0 )-n a (λ 0 ) Wherein lambda is 0 Is the center wavelength of the grating, n a (λ 0 ) And n b (λ 0 ) LP in core I1.1, respectively 01 LP in die and core III 1.3 11 Effective refractive index of the mode. Due to the relative positions of cores I1.1 and II 1.2 and III 1.3, LP of cores I1.1 and II 1.2 01 The mode can be matched with two degenerate LPs in the core III 1.3 11 Mold (LP) 11,a Mold and LP 11,b Mode), one end of the main body 1 is connected with a single-mode optical fiber I2 and a single-mode optical fiber II 3 matched with the fiber cores I1.1 and II 1.2, and the other end is connected with a few-mode optical fiber 4 matched with the fiber cores III 1.3. From single mode optical fiber I2 and single mode optical fiber II 3 respectivelyInputting LP 01 Mode can realize the output of LP from the few-mode optical fiber 4 11,a Mold and LP 11,b This is a mode multiplexer, and LP is input from the few-mode optical fiber 4 11,a Mold and LP 11,b The mode can realize the respective output of LP from the single-mode fiber I2 and the single-mode fiber II 3 01 The mode, which is a mode demultiplexer. The mode demultiplexer is the inverse operation of the mode multiplexer, and the coupling performance is the same, and the invention is only described for the mode multiplexer.
The core spacing d of the main body 1 must be moderate to ensure that no energy coupling occurs between the cores without writing long period fiber gratings in the cores iii 1.3. Referring to fig. 2, when the core spacing d=24 μm, the coupling energy of the four modes in the core iii 1.3 is periodically changed with the transmission distance, wherein LP 21 、LP 02 The coupling energy of the modes is larger, but the maximum coupling energy is smaller than-20 dB; LP for core II 1.2 01 The coupling energy of the mode rises with the transmission distance to a certain extent, but the coupling energy is still weak within a limited distance (50 mm)<-40 dB). The core spacing d=24 μm is described as satisfactory. But it is not preferable that the core spacing d is larger because an excessive core spacing d results in a smaller coupling efficiency of the inter-core mode, affecting the performance of the device, and thus determining the core spacing d=24 μm.
Referring to FIGS. 3-4, the LPs are input from cores I1.1, II 1.2, respectively 01 Mode, LP in core I1.1, core II 1.2 of long period fiber grating zone (core III 1.3 is written into the section of main body 1 of long period fiber grating 1.5) 01 Energy reduction of the mode, LP in core III 1.3 11 The energy of the mode is increased, and LP in the fiber core I1.1 and the fiber core II 1.2 after 50mm is transmitted 01 The vast majority of the energy of the mode is transferred to LP in core iii 1.3 11 The mode, i.e. the length of the long period fiber grating 1.5 is taken as l=50mm. And for cores I1.1, II 1.2, LP is input from one of the cores 01 Mode, another core without LP 01 And (5) generating a model. This illustrates the LP input from core I1.1 01 Conversion to LP in core III 1.3 11 After molding, it is not converted into LP in the core II 1.2 01 Mode, input LP from core II 1.2 01 Mold co-operationThe sample is not converted to LP in core I1.1 01 And (5) molding. Thereby ensuring that the mode coupling among the fiber cores I1.1, II 1.2 and III 1.3 is independent and can be performed simultaneously.
Referring to FIGS. 5-6, LPs are input from cores I1.1, II 1.2, respectively 01 Mode, LP of fiber core I1.1 and fiber core II 1.2 in long period fiber grating region 01 The mode is slowly transferred into the core III 1.3 and finally converted into LP in the core III 1.3 11 And (5) molding. It can be seen that the last converted LP in FIGS. 7 and 8 11 The modes differ by 90 °, i.e. two degenerate LPs 11 Mould, LP 11,a And LP 11,b . When x-polarized LP is input from core I1.1, core II 1.2, respectively 01 The die, the core I1.1 is in the horizontal direction of the core III 1.3, the core II 1.2 is in the vertical direction of the core III 1.3, and the LPs in the cores III 1.3 are just excited respectively 11,a Mold and LP 11,b And (5) molding.
Definition of LP in core III 1.3 11 The wavelength range where the normalized output energy of the mode is greater than-1 dB is the operating bandwidth of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 7-8, LPs are input from cores I1.1, II 1.2, respectively 01 Mode conversion to LP in core III 1.3 11,a Mold and LP 11,b The working wavelength ranges of the modes are 1538-1563 nm and 1540-1565 nm respectively, and the working wavelength range of the invention is 1540-1563 nm and the working bandwidth is 23nm.
Referring to FIG. 9, LP in core III 1.3 over the operating wavelength range 01 、LP 21 And LP 02 The output energy of the modes is less than-34.8, -22.3 and-23.4 dB, respectively, compared to LP in core III 1.3 11,a The modes are all at least-21 dB smaller. Thereby ensuring LP in core III 1.3 11,a The mode is not subject to crosstalk from other modes. As such, LP in core III 1.3 11,a Mold and LP 11,b The mode can realize low crosstalk transmission, and the output to the few-mode optical fiber 4 can realize LP 11,a Mold and LP 11,b And (5) multiplexing with high quality.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
referring to FIG. 1, core I1.1, the refractive indexes of the fiber cores II 1.2 and III 1.3 are 1.455 respectively with the refractive indexes of the fiber cores of the single-mode optical fiber I2, the single-mode optical fiber II 3 and the few-mode optical fiber 4, and the refractive index of the cladding 1.4 is 1.45 respectively with the refractive indexes of the cladding of the single-mode optical fiber I2, the single-mode optical fiber II 3 and the few-mode optical fiber 4; the diameters of the fiber cores I1.1 and II 1.2 and the fiber cores of the single-mode fiber I2 and II 3 are 8.2 mu m, the diameter of the fiber core III 1.3 and the fiber core diameter of the few-mode fiber 4 are 20 mu m, the cladding diameter of one end of the single-mode fiber I2 and II 3 connected with the fiber cores I1.1 and II 1.2 is 20 mu m, and the cladding diameter of one end of the few-mode fiber 4 connected with the fiber core III 1.3 is 35 mu m; the distances between the centers of the fiber cores I1.1 and II 1.2 and the center of the fiber core III 1.3 are 24 mu m; the period of the long period fiber grating 1.5 is 1760 μm, the modulation depth is 0.002, and the length is 50mm. Simultaneous input of LP from single mode fiber I2 and single mode fiber II 3 of mode multiplexer 01 Mode, LP is output from the few-mode fiber 4 of the mode multiplexer 11,a Mold and LP 11,b The mode, the wavelength range of normalized output energy is 1540-1563 nm, the working bandwidth of the mode multiplexer is 23nm, and other modes in the fiber core III 1.3 are all compared with LP 11 The mode is at least-21 dB smaller.
In addition: it should be noted that the above embodiment is only one of the optimization schemes of this patent, and any modification or improvement made by those skilled in the art according to the above concepts is within the scope of this patent.

Claims (8)

1. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer, characterized by: the multiplexer comprises a main body (1), a single-mode optical fiber I (2), a single-mode optical fiber II (3) and a few-mode optical fiber (4), wherein the single-mode optical fiber I (2) and the single-mode optical fiber II (3) are arranged at one end of the main body (1), the few-mode optical fiber (4) is arranged at the other end of the main body (1), the main body (1) is a three-core optical fiber formed by a fiber core I (1.1), a fiber core II (1.2), a fiber core III (1.3) and a cladding (1.4), and a long-period fiber grating (1.5) is written in the fiber core III (1.3);
the distance d between the centers of the fiber core I (1.1) and the fiber core II (1.2) and the center of the fiber core III (1.3) are equal, and the connecting lines of the centers of the fiber core I (1.1) and the fiber core II (1.2) and the center of the fiber core III (1.3) are mutually perpendicular.
2. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the length of the main body (1) is longer than that of the long-period fiber grating (1.5).
3. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the single-mode optical fiber I (2) is the same as the single-mode optical fiber II (3), the fiber cores of the single-mode optical fiber I (2) and the single-mode optical fiber II (3) are the same as the fiber cores I (1.1) and II (1.2), the fiber cores are connected with the fiber cores I (1.1) and II (1.2) respectively, and the fiber cores of the few-mode optical fiber (4) are the same as the fiber cores III (1.3) in diameter and connected with the fiber cores III (1.3).
4. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the diameter of a cladding (1.4) at one end of the single-mode optical fiber I (2), the single-mode optical fiber II (3) and the few-mode optical fiber (4) connected with the main body (1) is smaller than that of the cladding (1.4) at the other end, and a transition zone is formed.
5. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the refractive indexes of the fiber cores of the single-mode optical fiber I (2) and the single-mode optical fiber II (3) are the same as those of the fiber cores I (1.1) and II (1.2), the refractive index of the fiber core of the few-mode optical fiber (4) is the same as that of the fiber core III (1.3), and the refractive indexes of the cladding of the single-mode optical fiber I (2), the single-mode optical fiber II (3) and the few-mode optical fiber (4) are the same as that of the cladding (1.4).
6. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the fiber core I (1.1) and the fiber core II (1.2) are the same single-mode fiber core, namely the normalized frequencies of the fiber core I (1.1) and the fiber core II (1.2) are V respectively Ⅰ And V II Satisfy V Ⅰ ＝V II < 2.405, core III (1.3) is a few-mode core, i.e. a fiberNormalized frequency V of core III (1.3) Ⅲ Satisfy V Ⅲ ＞2.405。
7. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the period of the long period fiber grating (1.5) satisfies Λ=λ 0 /(n b (λ 0 )-n a (λ 0 ) Wherein lambda is 0 Is the center wavelength of the grating, n a (λ 0 ) And n b (λ 0 ) LP in core I (1.1), respectively 01 LP in mode and core III (1.3) 11 Effective refractive index of the mode; the length L of the long period fiber grating (1.5) is taken as LP in the fiber core I (1.1) 01 LP in mode and core III (1.3) 11 Coupling length of the mode.
8. A three-core fiber-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer as claimed in claim 1 and wherein: the cladding diameter at one end of the single-mode fiber I (2) and the single-mode fiber II (3) connected with the main body (1) is D a Satisfy D a ＜2d-d b The few-mode optical fiber (4) is connected with the main body (1) and has one end cladding diameter D b Satisfy D b ＜2d-d a Wherein d is a Is the diameter of the fiber core I (1.1) and the fiber core II (1.2), d b Is the diameter of the core III (1.3).
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CN108363142B (en) * 2017-08-03 2020-09-25 江苏大学 Rectangular waveguide mode conversion device
CN107942443B (en) * 2018-01-03 2019-12-24 聊城大学 Low-loss low-crosstalk gradient refractive index distribution three-mode division multiplexer
CN108627921B (en) * 2018-05-07 2019-10-18 北京大学 A kind of less fundamental mode optical fibre degenerate mode group demultiplexer and preparation method thereof based on fused biconical taper
CN110596817B (en) * 2019-09-07 2022-07-15 聊城大学 Three-mode division multiplexer with high extinction ratio
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