CN112611770A - Rock three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device and method - Google Patents
Rock three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
- G01N2223/1016—X-ray
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/607—Specific applications or type of materials strain
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing unloading shearing and deformation of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass, belonging to the technical field of rock mass engineering and comprising the following steps: a support frame; the loading test bench is fixedly connected to the support frame; the CT scanning device comprises an X-ray source and a detector, wherein the X-ray source and the detector are correspondingly arranged at two ends of a test object and are connected with the support frame; the X-ray source and the detector are both arranged corresponding to a non-loading surface of the test object; the X-ray source is matched with the detector; the controller comprises an operation control module and an image processing module; the operation control module is in signal connection with the loading test bench; the image processing module is in signal connection with the CT scanning device. The invention provides a device and a method for testing the unloading shearing and deformation amount of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass, which can simultaneously carry out the unloading shearing of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass and the unloading deformation test of the fractured rock mass, and have the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and more accurate test result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing unloading shearing and deformation of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass.
Background
Fractured rock mass is widely present in superficial layers of the earth and is one of the main subterranean fluid permeable media. The deformation and strength characteristics of fractured rock mass under external load are influenced by the geometric (such as length, attitude, bridge and the like), mechanical characteristics and position relationship of the fracture. Meanwhile, the underground engineering excavation causes stress unloading in the direction vertical to the excavation face, the stress state of the rock mass is changed from three-way compression to two-way or even one-way compression, the change of the stress state can cause the differential rebound deformation of the rock mass to the excavation area within a certain depth range, and because of the heterogeneous inelasticity of the rock mass, a tensile stress concentration phenomenon generated by differential deformation can be formed at certain parts (geological discontinuous surfaces) of the rock mass, so that the strong dilatation of a three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass along the unloading direction can be easily caused, the fracture is mainly tensile fracture and is accompanied by tensile shear and shear fracture.
However, the existing testing device can only carry out the unloading shearing test of the rock mass three-dimensional fracture network or the unloading deformation test of the fractured rock mass, can not simultaneously carry out the unloading shearing test of the rock mass three-dimensional fracture network and the unloading deformation test of the fractured rock mass, and can not obtain the correlation between the two.
Therefore, a testing device and a testing method capable of simultaneously carrying out unloading shearing of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass and unloading deformation testing of the fractured rock mass are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing device and a method capable of simultaneously carrying out unloading shearing of a rock three-dimensional fracture network and unloading deformation testing of a fractured rock mass, and the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device comprises:
the support frame is used for fixing and supporting;
the loading test bench is fixedly connected to the support frame and is used for loading different loads on a test object;
the CT scanning device comprises an X-ray source and a detector, and the X-ray source and the detector are correspondingly arranged at two ends of the test object and are connected with the support frame; the X-ray source and the detector are arranged corresponding to a non-loading surface of the test object; the X-ray source is matched with the detector and used for scanning different parts of the test object in the normal direction of a non-loading surface arranged corresponding to the X-ray source;
a controller including an operation control module and an image processing module; the operation control module is in signal connection with the loading test bench and is used for controlling the loading or unloading of the loading test bench and recording the stress value of the loading or unloading; the image processing module is in signal connection with the CT scanning device and is used for receiving slice images obtained by scanning of the CT scanning device, carrying out image reconstruction and processing on the slice images and displaying detection results.
Furthermore, the loading test platform comprises a bearing platform and a loading platform, the bearing platform is fixedly connected to the support frame, and the loading platform is connected to the support frame in a sliding manner; the loading platform is matched with the bearing platform and used for loading different loads on the test object.
Furthermore, the number of the loading test platforms is 2, and the loading test platforms are respectively set as a first loading test platform and a second loading test platform, wherein the first loading test platform and the second loading test platform are used for loading the stress in different directions.
Furthermore, the loading platform comprises a loading plate and a driving device, the driving device is fixedly connected with the supporting frame, the loading plate can slide relative to the supporting frame, and the driving end of the driving device is fixedly connected with the loading plate.
Further, the driving device is one of a hydraulic cylinder and an air cylinder.
Further, the CT scanning apparatus is an industrial CT.
A method for testing unloading shearing and deformation of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass comprises the following steps:
s10, placing a test object: placing a test object between a first loading test platform and a second loading test platform, wherein the first loading test platform is used for simulating stress loaded on the test object in a first direction, and the second loading test platform is used for simulating stress loaded on the test object in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
s20, loading stress: the operation control module controls the stress in the first direction and the stress in the second direction to be changed respectively according to a preset requirement and stabilizes the stress to a preset time; the operation control module records the stress value of loading or unloading;
s30, CT scanning: after the loading stress is stable, scanning different parts in the normal direction of a non-loading surface by the CT, and sending the scanning slice image to the image processing module;
s40, the image processing module compares and processes the slice images;
and S50, the controller obtains a detection result according to the stress value of the loading or unloading recorded by the operation control module and the processing result of the image processing module, and displays the detection result.
Further, the first direction loading stress is set to be sigma1The second direction loading stress is sigma3(ii) a Wherein the predetermined requirement for the magnitude of the loading stress in step S20 is to simultaneously raise σ1Discharge sigma3The method comprises the following steps:
s21, stress sigma1To σ3The set stress level of (a);
s22, increasing sigma1Stabilizing for n min after the set stress level is reached, and restoring the stress state of the test object to the initial stress state;
S23、σ1increase at each level of t MPa, while σ3The unloading is carried out under s MPa, and the loading and unloading of each stage are quickly finished and stayAfter m min, performing next-stage circulation;
s24, if the test object is at sigma3Failure before unloading to 0, then immediate unloading to σ3To 0, the test is ended; if σ is3Unload to 0, test object not yet destroyed, continue to increase σ1Until the test object is destroyed.
Further, the first direction loading stress is set to be sigma1The second direction loading stress is sigma3(ii) a Wherein the predetermined requirement for the magnitude of the loading stress in step S20 is to maintain σ1Invariable discharge sigma3The method comprises the following steps:
s21, stress sigma1To σ3The set stress level of (a);
s22, increasing sigma1Stabilizing for n min after the set stress level is reached, and restoring the stress state of the test object to the initial stress state;
s23, Retention of σ1Unchanged, while σ3Unloading under s MPa, quickly finishing each stage of loading and unloading, and staying for m min, and then performing next stage of circulation;
s24, if the test object is at sigma3Failure before unloading to 0, then immediate unloading to σ3To 0, the test is ended; if σ is3Unload to 0, test object not yet destroyed, continue to increase σ1Until the test object is destroyed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a device and a method for testing the unloading shearing and deformation amount of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass, which can simultaneously carry out the unloading shearing of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass and the unloading deformation test of the fractured rock mass, and have the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and more accurate test result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a rock three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a rock three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device;
wherein, 1, a support frame; 2. a first carrier stage; 3. a first loading table; 4. a test object; 5. protecting the base plate; 6. a second loading table; 7. a second carrier table; 8. a controller; 9. an X-ray source; 10. a detector; 11. and a stress data collector.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The utility model provides a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network off-load shearing and deflection testing arrangement which characterized in that includes: support frame 1, loading test platform, CT scanning device and controller 8.
The support frame 1 is used for fixing and supporting;
the loading test bench is fixedly connected to the support frame 1 and is used for loading different loads on the test object 4;
the loading test bench comprises a bearing platform and a loading platform, the bearing platform is fixedly connected to the support frame 1, and the loading platform is connected to the support frame 1 in a sliding manner; the loading platform is matched with the bearing platform and used for loading different loads on the test object 4.
The loading platform comprises a loading plate and a driving device, the driving device is fixedly connected with the support frame 1, the loading plate can slide relative to the support frame 1, and the driving end of the driving device is fixedly connected with the loading plate.
In this embodiment, the number of the loading test platforms is 2, and the loading test platforms are respectively set as a first loading test platform and a second loading test platform, and the first loading test platform and the second loading test platform are used for loading the stress in different directions.
The first loading test bench is used for simulating stress loaded on the test object 4 in a first direction, the second loading test bench is used for simulating stress loaded on the test object 4 in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
The first loading test station comprises a first bearing table 2 and a first loading table 3, and the second loading test station comprises a second loading table 6 and a second bearing table 7. The test object 4 is placed between the first stage 2, the first loading stage 3, the second loading stage 6, and the second stage 7. A protective pad 5 is placed between the test object 4 and the first and second loading tables 3 and 6.
The driving device is one of a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, and is preferably a hydraulic cylinder.
The CT scanning device, in this embodiment, is an industrial CT. The CT scanning device comprises an X-ray source 9 and a detector 10, wherein the X-ray source 9 and the detector 10 are correspondingly arranged at two ends of the test object 4 and are connected with the support frame 1; wherein, the X-ray source 9 and the detector 10 are both arranged corresponding to the non-loading surface of the test object 4; the X-ray source 9 cooperates with the detector 10 for scanning different portions of the test object 4 in a normal direction of a non-loading surface provided corresponding to the X-ray source 9.
The controller 8, the controller 8 includes operating the control module and image processing module; the operation control module is in signal connection with the loading test bench and is used for controlling the loading or unloading of the loading test bench and recording the stress value of the loading or unloading.
In another embodiment, a stress data collector 11 is disposed between the operation control module and the loading test platform, and the data collector 11 is in signal connection with the first loading platform 3, the second loading platform 6, and the operation control module, and is configured to collect and record a stress value to be loaded or unloaded and a time for maintaining the stress, and transmit the recorded data to the operation control module.
The image processing module is in signal connection with the CT scanning device and is used for receiving slice images obtained by scanning of the CT scanning device, carrying out image reconstruction and processing on the slice images and displaying detection results.
Example 2
The embodiment is a use method of the rock three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device provided by the embodiment 1.
A method for testing unloading shearing and deformation of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass comprises the following steps:
s10, placing the test object 4: placing the test object 4 between a first loading test platform and a second loading test platform, wherein the first loading test platform is used for simulating the stress loaded on the test object 4 in a first direction, and the second loading test platform is used for simulating the stress loaded on the test object 4 in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
s20, loading stress: the operation control module controls the stress in the first direction and the stress in the second direction to be changed respectively according to a preset requirement and stabilizes the stress to a preset time; the operation control module records the stress value of loading or unloading;
the loading stress magnitude preset scheme I comprises the following steps: setting the first direction loading stress to sigma1The second direction loading stress is sigma3(ii) a Wherein the predetermined requirement for the magnitude of the loading stress in step S20 is to simultaneously raise σ1Discharge sigma3The method comprises the following steps:
s21, stress sigma1To σ3The set stress level of (a);
s22, increasing sigma1After the stress level is set, stabilizing for 5min, and recovering the stress state of the test object 4 to the initial stress state;
S23、σ1increased by 0.10MPa per stage, while sigma is3Unloading under 0.05MPa, rapidly completing each stage of loading and unloading, and staying for 1min, and then performing next stage of circulation;
s24, if the test object 4 is at sigma3Failure before unloading to 0, then immediate unloading to σ3To 0, end the test if σ3Unloading to 0 test object 4 has not been destroyed, σ continues to be increased1Until the test object 4 is destroyed.
And (2) a second scheme for presetting the magnitude of the loading stress: setting the first direction loading stress to sigma1The second direction loading stress is sigma3(ii) a Wherein the predetermined requirement for the magnitude of the loading stress in step S20 is to maintain σ1Invariable discharge sigma3The method comprises the following steps:
s21, stress sigma1To σ3The set stress level of (a);
s22, increasing sigma1After the stress level is set, stabilizing for 5min, and recovering the stress state of the test object 4 to the initial stress state;
s23, Retention of σ1Unchanged, while σ3Unloading under 0.05MPa, rapidly completing each stage of loading and unloading, and staying for 1min, and then performing next stage of circulation;
s24, if the test object 4 is at sigma3Failure before unloading to 0, then immediate unloading to σ3To 0, end the test, e.g.Fruit sigma3Unloading to 0 test object 4 has not been destroyed, σ continues to be increased1Until the test object 4 is destroyed.
S30, CT scanning: after the loading stress is stable, the CT scans different parts in the normal direction of the non-loading surface and sends the scanning slice image to the image processing module.
In the present embodiment, the stress σ1、σ3Each time the change is made, the image processing module controls the CT scan once and sends the scan slice image to the image processing module.
And S40, the image processing module compares and processes the slice images and provides a processing result.
In this embodiment, the processing result of the image processing module includes deformation data of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass after unloading and the shear slip amount occurring on the fracture surface.
And S50, the controller 8 obtains a detection result according to the stress value loaded or unloaded by the operation control module and the processing result of the image processing module corresponding to the stress value, and displays the detection result.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network off-load shearing and deflection testing arrangement which characterized in that includes:
the support frame is used for fixing and supporting;
the loading test bench is fixedly connected to the support frame and is used for loading different loads on a test object;
the CT scanning device comprises an X-ray source and a detector, and the X-ray source and the detector are correspondingly arranged at two ends of the test object and are connected with the support frame; the X-ray source and the detector are arranged corresponding to a non-loading surface of the test object; the X-ray source is matched with the detector and used for scanning different parts of the test object in the normal direction of a non-loading surface arranged corresponding to the X-ray source;
a controller including an operation control module and an image processing module; the operation control module is in signal connection with the loading test bench and is used for controlling the loading or unloading of the loading test bench and recording the stress value of the loading or unloading; the image processing module is in signal connection with the CT scanning device and is used for receiving slice images obtained by scanning of the CT scanning device, carrying out image reconstruction and processing on the slice images and displaying detection results.
2. The device for testing the unloading shearing and deformation amount of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the loading test platform comprises a bearing platform and a loading platform, the bearing platform is fixedly connected to the support frame, and the loading platform is slidably connected to the support frame; the loading platform is matched with the bearing platform and used for loading different loads on the test object.
3. The rock mass three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation amount testing device of claim 2, wherein the number of the loading test platforms is 2, and the loading test platforms are respectively set as a first loading test platform and a second loading test platform, wherein the first loading test platform and the second loading test platform are used for loading stress in different directions.
4. The rock mass three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device of claim 3, wherein the loading platform comprises a loading plate and a driving device, the driving device is fixedly connected with the supporting frame, the loading plate can slide relative to the supporting frame, and a driving end of the driving device is fixedly connected with the loading plate.
5. The device for testing the unloading shearing and deformation amount of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass according to claim 4, wherein the driving device is one of a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder.
6. The rock mass three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing device of claim 5, wherein the CT scanning device is an industrial CT.
7. A rock three-dimensional fracture network unloading shearing and deformation testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, placing a test object: placing a test object between a first loading test platform and a second loading test platform, wherein the first loading test platform is used for simulating stress loaded on the test object in a first direction, and the second loading test platform is used for simulating stress loaded on the test object in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
s20, loading stress: the operation control module controls the stress in the first direction and the stress in the second direction to be changed respectively according to a preset requirement and stabilizes the stress to a preset time; the operation control module records the stress value of loading or unloading;
s30, CT scanning: after the loading stress is stable, scanning different parts in the normal direction of a non-loading surface by the CT, and sending the scanning slice image to the image processing module;
s40, the image processing module compares and processes the slice images;
and S50, the controller obtains a detection result according to the stress value of the loading or unloading recorded by the operation control module and the processing result of the image processing module, and displays the detection result.
8. The method for testing the unloading shearing and deformation amount of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass according to claim 7, wherein the loading stress in the first direction is set to be sigma1The second direction loading stress is sigma3(ii) a Wherein the predetermined requirement for the magnitude of the loading stress in step S20 is to simultaneously raise σ1Discharge sigma3The method comprises the following steps:
s21, stressσ1To σ3The set stress level of (a);
s22, increasing sigma1Stabilizing for n min after the set stress level is reached, and restoring the stress state of the test object to the initial stress state;
S23、σ1increase at each level of t MPa, while σ3Unloading under s MPa, quickly finishing each stage of loading and unloading, and staying for m min, and then performing next stage of circulation;
s24, if the test object is at sigma3Failure before unloading to 0, then immediate unloading to σ3To 0, the test is ended; if σ is3Unload to 0, test object not yet destroyed, continue to increase σ1Until the test object is destroyed.
9. The method for testing the unloading shearing and deformation amount of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass according to claim 7, wherein the loading stress in the first direction is set to be sigma1The second direction loading stress is sigma3(ii) a Wherein the predetermined requirement for the magnitude of the loading stress in step S20 is to maintain σ1Invariable discharge sigma3The method comprises the following steps:
s21, stress sigma1To σ3The set stress level of (a);
s22, increasing sigma1Stabilizing for n min after the set stress level is reached, and restoring the stress state of the test object to the initial stress state;
s23, Retention of σ1Unchanged, while σ3Unloading under s MPa, quickly finishing each stage of loading and unloading, and staying for m min, and then performing next stage of circulation;
s24, if the test object is at sigma3Failure before unloading to 0, then immediate unloading to σ3To 0, the test is ended; if σ is3Unload to 0, test object not yet destroyed, continue to increase σ1Until the test object is destroyed.
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