CN112603531B - 一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法、系统及装置 - Google Patents

一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法、系统及装置 Download PDF

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CN112603531B
CN112603531B CN202011625034.1A CN202011625034A CN112603531B CN 112603531 B CN112603531 B CN 112603531B CN 202011625034 A CN202011625034 A CN 202011625034A CN 112603531 B CN112603531 B CN 112603531B
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鲁祥松
钱凯
廖仲禹
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法,属于医疗器材技术领域,包括微处理控制单元、消融针和发射微波能量的微波功率源,所述微波功率源包括检测正向功率和反向功率的检波模块,检测出的正向功率和反向功率传输给微处理控制单元,微处理控制单元计算出驻波比,利用监控驻波比的波动,能够有效的减少消融针针头断裂的概率,降低医疗事故。

Description

一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法、系统及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器材技术领域,尤其是涉及一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法、系统及装置。
背景技术
微波消融治疗系统包含微波消融治疗仪和微波消融针。微波消融手术中是将消融针的发射部位(针头)安全、准确的穿刺到治疗的肿瘤部位,在穿刺过程中需避开肋骨、血管、重要脏器等。当前微波消融针的针头和针杆之间的匹配绝缘材料主要为有机材料聚四氟乙烯,微波消融针穿刺的影像引导设备主要有超声、CT、MRI。超声引导为实时图像跟踪。CT、MRI或PET-CT穿刺引导为非实时图像引导,需要先通过扫描,规划穿刺路径。通过事先规划的路径,盲穿刺到预定的肿瘤组织。穿刺后再用CT、MRI或PET-C扫描检查穿刺位置是否正确。如此反复,直到穿刺到需治疗肿瘤部位。在盲穿刺过程中,碰到质地较硬的组织,由于匹配绝缘材料聚四氟质地偏软,针头会发生弯曲或断开的现象。针头弯曲会导致穿刺方向改变,不能一次到达穿刺目标部位。也可能会伤及其它正常组织,且重复穿刺增大了创伤面。
针头弯曲会存在输出功率不足即断针的风险,针头弯曲后导致针头处阻抗失配,驻波变大,到达针头的功率绝大部分在阻抗失配处反射;并且针头阻抗失配处随着治疗时间的增加温度急剧上升,由于聚四氟乙烯材料最高耐温280℃,高温会导致聚四氟乙烯材料膨胀击穿,最后造成针头和针杆拉弧打火,烧断针头。
聚四氟乙烯质地偏软,当前消融针针头部位结构只能用其一小段作为阻抗匹配和绝缘,如果太长,会影响针头强度。针头前段发热的部位大部分为金属材料,在加载功率后,微波会使针头的金属迅速发热,产生高于200℃的高温。导致靠着金属部位的组织焦化严重,焦化后的组织会阻碍微波的发射,增大反射功率,影响治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法,防止在医生进行手术消融时,针头脱落到人体内,引起医疗事故。
为了完成本发明的目的,本发明提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法,包括微处理控制单元、消融针和发射微波能量的微波功率源,所述微波功率源包括检测正向功率和反向功率的检波模块,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a,根据所述正向功率和反向功率,所述微处理控制单元计算出驻波比;
b,所述微处理控制单元设有驻波比报警值;
c,当所述驻波比报警值达到报警时,降低或者切断消融仪的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出。
本发明的有益效果是:检波模块监测出的正向功率和反向功率的信号,一旦驻波比信号超过微处理控制单元上设定的驻波比报警值,医生及时调整微处理控制单元设定的的功率输出,能够及时防止消融针针头弯曲断裂,大大减少医疗事故。
进一步,所述消融针针头部位还设有聚四氟乙烯,所述方法还包括当所述微波功率源发出能量给消融针时,观察到聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀时,降低微波功率源的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出。正如前面所述,消融针针头处的聚四氟乙烯质地偏软,由于针头阻抗失配处随着治疗时间的增加温度急剧上升时,聚四氟乙烯材料会膨胀击穿,造成针头和针杆拉弧打火,烧断针头,此时通过观察到聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀时,降低或间隙时的提供功率输出,能够有效的降低断针的风险,减少医疗事故。
进一步,所述微处理控制单元设有驻波比报警值的过程中所述驻波比报警值分为一级驻波比报警值和二级驻波比报警值,所述一级驻波比报警值为30%,二级驻波比报警值为35%。将消融仪上的驻波比报警值设定为两级,通过测试设定一级和二级报警值的数值,一旦驻波发生比较大的波动,能够给予医生充足的时间反应。
进一步,当所述驻波比报警值达到一级驻波比报警值时降低消融仪的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出,当驻波比报警值达到二级驻波比报警值时切断消融仪的功率输出。一级驻波比报警值只需降低或间隙式的提供功率输出,这样有助于手术持续进行,当二级驻波比报警值出现时,断针的风险将会大大增加,此时需要切断功率输出,更换新的消融针,从而重新进行微创手术。
进一步,所述观察到聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀的设备为医学影像采集设备。
本发明还提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的系统,包括:
微波功率源,用于检测正向功率和反向功率;
微处理控制单元,用于根据所述正向功率和反向功率计算出驻波比;
判断模块,用于判断所述驻波比是否达到报警值,若是则激活执行模块;
执行模块,用于生成降低或者切断消融仪的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出的信号。
本发明还提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的装置,其特征在于,包括包括处理器和存储器;所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行计算机程序时实现上述方法的步骤。
附图说明
图1是消融针的结构示意图。
图2是微波功率源反射功率实验。
实施例
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明
图1是消融针的具体结构示意图,是现有技术,1是聚四氟乙烯。本发明只展示其中一种在消融针针杆和针头之间设计有聚四氟乙烯的产品,其它任何消融针产品,只要在消融针针杆和针头之间设计有聚四氟乙烯,都可以用本发明中的技术方案。
在微波消融仪应用中,微波功率源传输微波信号至消融针,并通过消融针向治疗对象(人体组织)辐射功率进行热疗和消融,这部分功率称为正向功率。由于人体组织不是一个理想的负载,所以必然存在一部分功率被反射回去,这部分反射回去的功率称为反射功率,其反射功率和正向功率的比值称为驻波比。
微波功率源包括依次连接的频率综合器、衰减器、射频放大模块和检波模块。还包括微控制处理单元,用于输出设定频率信号,以及输出针对设定频率信号的衰减量控制信号。
频率综合器根据微处理控制单元输出的设定频率信号,输出相应的频率微波信号。
衰减器用于根据微处理器控制单元输出的衰减量控制信号,对频率综合器输出的微波信号进行功率衰减。
射频放大模块,用于对经过功率衰减后的微波信号进行信号放大后输出。
检波模块和射频放大模块连接,且与微处理控制单元连接。检波模块检测出射频放大模块输出的正向功率的微波信号和针对该微波信号反射回去的反射功率的反射信号,将其传输给微控制处理单元,微控制处理单元计算出其驻波比。
发明人通过测量消融针在不同功率下在正常离体实验时的驻波比,和在异常情况下驻波比,如图2所示,横轴是时间,纵轴是驻波比,在正常离体实验中,9W、38W、58W和80W离体实验中正常的驻波比为15%-25%之间。而在异常情况下,又做了9W和16W的空载实验,其驻波比为35%,消融线开路的驻波比高达为45%。在16W时,消融针针头断裂。因在实际消融肿瘤过程中,可能肿瘤中间会因为消融形成一个巨大的空洞,导致消融针形成空载现象,故在实验中,加入了空载实验方案,并且在16W实验中,驻波比在35%时,消融针针头断裂。
为了预防消融针针头因为驻波比的波动脱落到人体中,发生医疗事故,故在上述实验中,将驻波比参数作为一个重要的监控对象,设定到微处理控制单元中,设计出了如下的技术方案:
本发明提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的方法,包括微处理控制单元、消融针和发射微波能量的微波功率源,所述微波功率源包括检测正向功率和反向功率的检波模块,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a,根据所述正向功率和反向功率,所述微处理控制单元计算出驻波比;
b,所述微处理控制单元设有驻波比报警值;
c,当所述驻波比报警值达到报警时,降低或者切断消融仪的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出。
检波模块监测出的正向功率和反向功率的信号,在此实验中,检波模块为定向耦合器,一旦驻波比信号超过微处理控制单元上设定的驻波比报警值,医生及时调整微处理控制单元设定的的功率输出,能够及时防止消融针针头弯曲断裂,大大减少医疗事故。
所述消融针针头部位还设有聚四氟乙烯,所述方法还包括当所述微波功率源发出能量给消融针时,通过医学影像采集设备观察到聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀时,降低微波功率源的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出。该医学影像采集设备包括超声、CT、MRI等任何能够观察到聚四氟乙烯的设备。
正如前面所述,消融针针头处的聚四氟乙烯质地偏软,由于针头阻抗失配处随着治疗时间的增加温度急剧上升时,聚四氟乙烯材料会膨胀击穿,造成针头和针杆拉弧打火,烧断针头,此时通过观察到聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀时,降低或间隙时的提供功率输出,能够有效的降低断针的风险,减少医疗事故。
微处理控制单元设有驻波比报警值的过程中所述驻波比报警值分为一级驻波比报警值和二级驻波比报警值,所述一级驻波比报警值为30%,二级驻波比报警值为35%。将消融仪上的驻波比报警值设定为两级,通过测试设定一级和二级报警值的数值,一旦驻波发生比较大的波动,能够给予医生充足的时间反应。
当所述驻波比报警值达到一级驻波比报警值时降低消融仪的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出,当驻波比报警值达到二级驻波比报警值时切断消融仪的功率输出。一级驻波比报警值只需降低或间隙式的提供功率输出,这样有助于手术持续进行,当二级驻波比报警值出现时,断针的风险将会大大增加,此时需要切断功率输出,更换新的消融针,从而重新进行微创手术。
本发明还提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的系统,包括:
微波功率源,用于检测正向功率和反向功率;
微处理控制单元,用于根据所述正向功率和反向功率计算出驻波比;
判断模块,用于判断所述驻波比是否达到报警值,若是则激活执行模块;
执行模块,用于生成降低或者切断消融仪的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出的信号。
本发明还提供了一种预防消融针针头脱落的装置,其特征在于,包括包括处理器和存储器;所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行计算机程序时实现上述方法的步骤。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种预防消融针针头脱落的系统,其特征在于,包括:
微波功率源,用于检测正向功率和反向功率,包括检测正向功率和反向功率的检波模块;
微处理控制单元,用于根据所述正向功率和反向功率计算出驻波比,并且设有驻波比报警值,所述驻波比报警值分为一级驻波比报警值和二级驻波比报警值,一级驻波比报警值小于二级驻波比报警值;所述一级驻波比报警值为30%,二级驻波比报警值为35%;
判断模块,用于判断所述驻波比是否达到一级驻波比报警值和二级驻波比报警值,若是则激活执行模块;
医学影像采集设备,用于观察聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀情况,并在发生膨胀时激活执行模块;
执行模块,用于在达到一级驻波比报警值时生成降低或者间隙式的提供功率输出的信号,在达到二级驻波比报警值时生成切断消融仪的功率输出的信号,在聚四氟乙烯体积膨胀时,生成降低微波功率源的功率输出或者间隙式的提供功率输出的信号。
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