CN112602869A - 一种无添加剂的桃金娘叶固体饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无添加剂的桃金娘叶固体饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L2/39—Dry compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/72—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration
- A23L2/74—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration using membranes, e.g. osmosis, ultrafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
一种富含桃金娘多酚和桃金娘多糖的水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品，通过水提、离心、陶瓷膜分离、反渗透浓缩、喷雾干燥等工艺制备，具有一定的抗氧化能力、自由基清除能力、抑菌抗炎功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饮料领域，具体涉及一种桃金娘叶的水提取物喷雾干燥制备的水溶性固体饮料。
背景技术
桃金娘（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa）是桃金娘科桃金娘属植物，又称捻子、山捻、岗捻等，主要分布于中国的南部和东南部，尤其盛产于岭南地区，为酸性土指示植物。桃金娘（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa）是我国民间传统药用植物，根、茎、叶、果均可入药或食用，具有清热、解毒、活血、消炎、止痛、消食、健胃等作用，其根可治疗虚咳，茎和叶可治牙疼，嫩尖主治痈䵸、毒伧和结核病。其花玫瑰红色，果实味美，可酿酒，果仁可供榨油食用。随着研究和应用的发展，桃金娘有望成为食药同源新品种。
根据文献报道，桃金娘（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa）的根、茎、叶，均含有抗菌成分桃金娘酮类物质。这些抗菌成分主要为桃金娘酮（Rhodomyrtone、Tomentosone、Rhodomyrtosone）等酰基间苯三酚类化合物，以及多种黄酮类、萜类、鞣花酸衍生物类等化合物。其中，酰基间苯三酚系列化合物具有非常突出的抗菌活性。由于发现桃金娘植物的叶子具有良好的抗菌性能，民间有使用桃金娘植物治疗腹泻和伤口的传统，甚至用于治疗多种妇科疾病。最近，中国科学院华南植物研究所与广州立达尔生物科技股份有限公司的联合研究发现，桃金娘中除了上述这些含量少抗菌能力强的低含量化合物之外，还含有丰富的粗多糖、粗蛋白，黄酮，多酚类物质，其中，黄酮类、多酚类天然化合物都具有良好的抗氧化活性，对人体健康具有良好的辅助作用。
目前，已经有关于使用桃金娘果和桃金娘叶用作饮料原料的专利公开。专利CN201410402654.7用桃金娘果汁和酸浆草为主要原料配制了一种桃金娘果汁酸性饮料。专利CN201310527021.4 则是用酶解的方法将桃金娘叶、桃金娘果分别酶解后发酵，再通过后续的灭菌工艺制取桃金娘叶和桃金娘果的综合饮品。
上述的专利所涉及的桃金娘饮料均为液体饮料，配方中都加入了大量的稳定剂，如黄原胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸钠或羧甲基纤维素、魔芋胶、柠檬酸等食品添加剂，属于传统饮料的范畴。这种饮料形式虽然容易饮用，但是也存在着需要添加各种保鲜和稳定添加剂的问题，难以保证产品的纯天然性。
专利CN201410402654.7加入了蜜和酸，产品成为一种酸甜饮料，失去了桃金娘叶的淡淡清香风味。专利CN201310527021.4 在酶解和发酵之后，需要高温加热对微生物进行灭活操作，也会对多酚、多糖类的有效成分容易降解，影响风味和功效。
添加增稠剂、食用胶、防腐剂等到饮料配方中使得这两种饮料无法成为纯天然的饮品，影响了产品对消费者的吸引力。
本发明为了制备出一种富含多酚和多糖的无添加剂水溶性淘金娘固体饮料产品，开发了一种连续的机械破壁水提工艺，在常温或者低温下，将桃金娘叶中水溶性的多糖、膳食纤维和水溶性多酚等物质提取出来，然后采用膜浓缩工艺，将产品浓缩到适合喷雾干燥的波美度后进行喷雾干燥，得到无添加的水溶性桃金娘提取物粉末。该粉末即可直接做为水溶性的固体饮料使用。
发明内容
一种富含桃金娘多酚和桃金娘多糖的水溶性固体饮料产品，其特征在于采用了以下的加工工艺：
（1）将新鲜或晾干的桃金娘叶用绞切机或粉碎机破碎至5mm以下，过筛网；
（2）破碎的桃金娘叶通过输送带送入料仓，物料从料仓中连续进入预混仓，与10-50倍10-30℃的水混合后进入由多台管线式乳化泵串联组成的提取和输送设备；
（3）提取液直接进入卧螺式离心机或离心过滤机，将固体渣与提取液分离；
（4）离心所得提取液进入陶瓷膜过滤系统进行过滤，得到预过滤液；
（5）预过滤液在反渗透膜过滤系统进行渗透浓缩，得到浓缩液和渗透水；
（6）渗透水可以循环使用，浓缩液进入喷雾干燥系统直接喷雾干燥可得到自由流动的水溶性桃金娘粉末，也可以加入麦芽糊精等食品辅料溶解后共同喷雾干燥，得到水溶性更好的桃金娘粉末；
（7）将步骤（6）的喷雾干燥粉末按照一定的重量分装即可得到水溶性桃金娘固体饮料。
按照上述方法制备的水溶性桃金娘固体饮料，经液相色谱-质谱联用、红外光谱、核磁共振等方法综合分析，测得其主要成分有水溶性多糖、水溶性蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、桃金娘多酚、黄酮、色素、灰分等，各种成分的含量范围处于下表所列范围之间：
其中，桃金娘多酚具有抑菌抗炎的功能，是水溶性桃金娘提取物种的主要功效成分。
本发明解决了桃金娘液体饮品需要添加防腐剂和增稠剂的问题，获得一种无添加的纯天然桃金娘固体饮料产品，大幅度提高了桃金娘饮用产品的吸引力。本发明也解决了桃金娘叶风味保存的问题，在本发明的水提和膜分离加工过程中，可以保证桃金娘多酚不受到破坏，从而在饮品风味上有很大的提高。
我们以维生素C（VC）为对照，研究这种桃金娘叶的水溶性提取物（粉末）总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除活性。
总抗氧化能力的测定运用了常规的钼酸铵法，以待测物加入到一定体积的钼酸铵标准反应液中，混合均匀后于95℃恒温水浴中反应90分钟，待反应液冷却后以紫外可见光分光光度计测定695nm处的吸光值，以不加待测物的空白试剂为参照调零。待测桃金娘叶水提物喷干粉的总抗氧化能力以VC的当量来表示。
DPPH自由基的乙醇溶液十分稳定，在517nm附近有强吸收。自由基清除剂可以通过与DPPH的孤对电子进行配对，使其吸收消失或减弱。通过测定吸收减弱的程度可以即可衡量待测桃金娘水提物的自由基清除的活性。
测定结果显示，桃金娘水提物喷干粉具有良好的抗氧化活性和自由基清除活性，因此具有一定的保健功能，适合作为一款固体饮料使用。
具体实施例
实施例1
桃金娘叶水提物喷雾干燥粉样品的制备：
（1）将100公斤晾干的桃金娘叶用粉碎机破碎，用孔径5mm的筛网过筛，未过筛部分返回粉碎机，通过部分用于提取，得桃金娘叶粉末99.6公斤；
（2）将99.6公斤桃金娘叶粉通过输送带送入料仓，在料仓内通过自动重量反馈控制的模式以0.5公斤/分钟的速度连续输入预混罐，在预混罐与10公斤/分钟流量的20℃水连续混合后进入由2台管线式乳化泵串联组成的强制提取和输送设备，提取输送设备的出口端设置有三通形式的分流管，可调节通向步骤（3）离心机和返回管线式乳化泵入口端的流量；
（3）分流后的提取液进入三足离心过滤机，在此将分离固体渣与提取液；
（4）离心所得提取液进入陶瓷膜过滤系统进行过滤，得到预过滤液；
（5）预过滤液在反渗透膜过滤系统进行渗透浓缩，得到浓缩液和渗透水；
（6）渗透水可以循环使用，浓缩液进入喷雾干燥系统直接喷雾干燥得到自由流动的水溶性桃金娘粉末26.3公斤；
（7）将步骤（6）所得的喷雾干燥粉末按照5g/袋的重量分装到预先印刷的铝箔袋中，封口装盒得到水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品。
实施例2
桃金娘叶水提物喷雾干燥粉样品的制备：
（1）将1000公斤晾干的桃金娘叶用粉碎机破碎，用孔径5mm的筛网过筛，未过筛部分返回粉碎机，通过部分用于提取，得桃金娘叶粉末997公斤；
（2）将997公斤桃金娘叶粉通过输送带送入料仓，在料仓内通过自动重量反馈控制的模式以1公斤/分钟的速度连续输入预混罐，在预混罐与20公斤/分钟流量的20℃水连续混合后进入由2台管线式乳化泵串联组成的强制提取和输送设备，提取输送设备的出口端设置有三通形式的分流管，可调节通向步骤（3）离心机和返回管线式乳化泵入口端的流量；
（3）分流后的提取液进入卧螺式离心机，在此将分离固体渣与提取液；
（4）离心所得提取液进入陶瓷膜过滤系统进行过滤，得到预过滤液；
（5）预过滤液在反渗透膜过滤系统进行渗透浓缩，得到浓缩液和渗透水；
（6）渗透水可以循环使用，浓缩液进入喷雾干燥系统直接喷雾干燥得到自由流动的水溶性桃金娘粉末281公斤；
（7）将步骤（6）所得的喷雾干燥粉末按照5g/袋的重量分装到预先印刷的铝箔袋中，封口，装盒得到水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品。
实施例3
实施例1和实施例2两个 桃金娘叶水提物喷干粉样品的总抗氧化能力测定：
称取2.14克磷酸钠，6.66毫升浓硫酸和0.99克四水钼酸铵溶解于200毫升蒸馏水中，混合均匀，得到钼酸铵反应液。分别取实施例1（样品1）和实施例2（样品2）所得的桃金娘水提物干粉0.10克溶解到1000毫升蒸馏水中，超声溶解，得到0.1mg/mL的两个样品溶液。另行配制0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.09、0.11mg/mL的VC标准溶液。将0.3毫升样品溶液加入到3毫升的钼酸铵反应液中，混匀后在95℃下反应90分钟，待反应液冷却至室温后，在695nm处测定吸光值，以不加样品的空白溶液调零。以相同处理方式，测定并作出VC标准溶液的浓度与对应的吸光值做标准曲线。桃金娘提取物干粉的总抗氧化能力以VC（维生素C）的当量来表示。样品1和样品2的VC当量分别为0.062mg VC eq/mg和0.074 mg VC eq/mg。这说明桃金娘水提物喷干粉有着非常良好的抗氧化能力。
实施例4
实施例1和实施例2两个 桃金娘叶水提物喷干粉样品的自由基清除能力测定：
预先配制好0.01 mg/mL，0.05mg/mL，0.1mg/mL，0.3mg/mL，0.5 mg/mL浓度的桃金娘水提取物喷干粉水溶液和等浓度序列的维生素C水溶液。称取10.00mgDPPH，以无水乙醇定容至250毫升作为DPPH标准工作液。在10毫升的试管中加入200微升0.1mg/mL，0.3mg/mL，0.5 mg/mL，0.7mg/mL浓度的桃金娘水提取物喷干粉水溶液，再加入2mLDPPH工作液，振荡摇匀，于室温下避光静置0.5小时，测定517纳米出的吸光值，再以等量的蒸馏水作为空白对照。以样品浓度为自变量，自由基清除率为因变量作图并进行线性拟合，计算自由基清除率达到50%所需要的抗氧化剂浓度。试验测得实施例1和实施例2两个 桃金娘叶水提物喷干粉样品和维生素C的DPPH自由基清除率达到50%所需要的浓度为：0.242 mg/mL和0.255 mg/mL和0.036 mg/mL。
实施例3和实施例4的测定结果显示，尽管无法与维生素C相比，但是作为植物提取物的桃金娘水提物喷干粉已经显示出具有良好的抗氧化活性和自由基清除活性，因此具有一定的保健功能，适合作为一款固体饮料使用。
Claims (4)
1.一种富含桃金娘多酚和桃金娘多糖的水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品，其特征在于采用了以下的加工工艺：
（1）将新鲜或晾干的桃金娘叶用绞切机或粉碎机破碎至5mm以下；
（2）破碎的桃金娘叶通过输送带送入料仓，物料从料仓中连续进入预混仓，与10-50倍10-30℃的水混合后进入由多台管线式乳化泵串联组成的提取和输送设备；
（3）提取液直接进入卧螺式离心机或离心过滤机，将固体渣与提取液分离；
（4）离心所得提取液进入陶瓷膜过滤系统进行过滤，得到预过滤液；
（5）预过滤液在反渗透膜过滤系统进行渗透浓缩，得到浓缩液和渗透水；
（6）渗透水可以循环使用，浓缩液进入喷雾干燥系统直接喷雾干燥可得到自由流动的水溶性桃金娘粉末，加入或不加入麦芽糊精溶解后共同喷雾干燥，得到水溶性良好的桃金娘提取物粉末；
（7）将步骤（6）的喷雾干燥粉末按照一定的重量分装即可得到水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品，具有一定的抗氧化能力。
3.如权利要求1所述的水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品，具有一定的自由基清除能力。
4.如权利要求1所述的水溶性桃金娘固体饮料产品，具有一定的抑菌抗炎功能。
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Application publication date: 20210406 |
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