CN112586123A - Tiger nut ridge-planting sowing method with precise low-position seed discharging - Google Patents
Tiger nut ridge-planting sowing method with precise low-position seed discharging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586123A CN112586123A CN202110066868.1A CN202110066868A CN112586123A CN 112586123 A CN112586123 A CN 112586123A CN 202110066868 A CN202110066868 A CN 202110066868A CN 112586123 A CN112586123 A CN 112586123A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cyperus esculentus ridge planting and sowing method for precision low-position seed sowing. The method has the advantages that a cyperus esculentus ridge culture planting mode is adopted, the traditional single-seed precision sowing and 1-3 seeds per hole are changed into 3 seeds per hole, and the effect of cyperus esculentus close planting is realized, so that the emergence rate and the emergence uniformity are ensured, and the yield of cyperus esculentus is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop sowing, in particular to a cyperus esculentus ridge culture sowing method with precision low-position seed discharging.
Background
Cyperus esculentus is a rhizome plant of the family Cyperus which is suitable for growing in sandy land, and plays an important role in replacing soybeans as oil crops to make up for gaps of edible oil in China. At present, the cyperus esculentus is usually planted in a flat planting mode, the planting mode is not beneficial to later-stage field management, and the difficulty of line operation during harvesting is high. The ridge planting mode of the cyperus esculentus ridging planting is convenient for drainage and irrigation and is also beneficial to later-stage field management and mechanized harvesting operation, but is difficult to popularize and apply due to the lack of a precision seeding machine for completing ridging and fertilizing at one time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cyperus esculentus ridge culture seeding method for precision low-position seed discharging, which can specifically adopt the following technical scheme:
the cyperus esculentus ridge culture seeding method of precision low-position seed discharging provided by the invention is characterized in that rotary tillage operation is carried out on the land through a precision low-position seed discharging seeder driven by a tractor, then ditching and ridging are carried out for fertilizing, then ditching is carried out for precision seeding with the same quantity of seeds in each hole, then secondary ridging and shaping and pressing are carried out, and one-time completion and combined operation are carried out.
The width of the ridge bottom of the secondary ridging is 60cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, the center distance between every two adjacent ridges is 60cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge, and 3 seeds are sowed according to the row distance of 20cm, the hole distance of 15cm and each hole.
The precision low-position seed sowing machine comprises a frame, wherein a rotary tillage device is arranged at the front end of the frame, a fertilizing box positioned on the front side and a seed sowing device positioned on the rear side are arranged on the frame, a first ridge former and a fertilizing furrow opener which are arranged side by side are correspondingly arranged below the fertilizing box, a sowing furrow opener is correspondingly arranged below the seed sowing device, and a second ridge former and a shaping press device are arranged at the rear end of the frame.
The seed sowing device comprises a shell, a seed cleaning brush, a seed protection plate, a seed scraper and an eyelet wheel assembly are arranged in the shell, and the eyelet wheel assembly comprises
A first rotating shaft connected with the housing;
the left wheel is fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft, the right wheel is connected with the corresponding left wheel in a sleeved mode, a plurality of cells arranged along the circumferential direction are formed on the matching surface of the left wheel and the corresponding left wheel, and the cells on the left cell wheel, the middle cell wheel and the right cell wheel are equal in number and are correspondingly arranged in a plurality of rows along the axial direction;
a linkage space adjusting mechanism for adjusting the left and right space of the cells, comprising
The connecting rod is used for connecting the left pocket wheel, the middle pocket wheel and the right wheel of the right pocket wheel into a whole;
the adjusting screw rod is sleeved at the right end of the first rotating shaft, the left end of the adjusting screw rod is fixedly connected with the left wheel of the right pocket wheel, and the right end of the adjusting screw rod extends to the right side of the right wheel of the right pocket wheel;
the compression spring is sleeved on the adjusting screw rod and is positioned between the left wheel and the right wheel of the right pocket wheel;
and the adjusting nut is screwed on the adjusting screw rod on the right side of the right cell wheel.
The seed protection plate and the seed scraper are respectively arranged on two sides of the cellular wheel row, and the width of the single-row cellular at the bottom of the cellular wheel row is set.
Still be provided with the low-order seed throwing wheel that is located nest eye wheel subassembly below in the casing, the surface of low-order seed throwing wheel is provided with many axial seed storage grooves along circumference, each axial seed storage groove is all including the collection kind position that is located the middle part and the seed position of leading that is located both ends, the bottom surface outside-in slope setting of leading kind position, the juncture of collection kind position and seed position then is provided with the seed separating plate, the bottom surface clearance in seed separating plate and axial seed storage groove sets up and constitutes kind of passageway.
The back of the seed protection plate is provided with a support screw rod, and the support screw rod penetrates through the shell and is fixed through a butterfly nut.
The seed scraping device comprises a support frame fixedly connected with a shell, and seed cleaning sheets respectively corresponding to the cells of the left cell wheel, the middle cell wheel and the right cell wheel are arranged in an axial sliding groove of the support frame.
The seed metering devices are arranged on the rack in a front row and a rear row, each row is provided with 3 seed metering devices, and the seed metering devices in the front row and the rear row are arranged in a staggered mode.
And one middle pocket wheel is arranged on each pocket type precision low-position seed sowing device.
The method has the advantages that a cyperus esculentus ridge culture planting mode is adopted, low-position seed feeding and forced seed cleaning can be realized, the traditional single-seed precision sowing and 1-3-seed sowing in each hole are changed into 3-seed precision sowing in each hole, the effect of cyperus esculentus close planting is realized, the emergence rate and the emergence uniformity are ensured, and the yield of cyperus esculentus is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the sowing machine of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the pocket precision low seed meter of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
Figure 4 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the cellular wheel assembly of figure 3.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of fig. 4 (without the first shaft).
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the low seed throwing wheel in fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the seed scraper in fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a ridge culture mode using the sowing machine of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are provided, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The cyperus esculentus ridge culture seeding method of precision low-position seed discharging provided by the invention is characterized in that rotary tillage operation is carried out on the land through a precision low-position seed discharging seeder driven by a tractor, then ditching and ridging are carried out for fertilizing, then ditching is carried out for precision seeding with the same quantity of seeds in each hole, and then secondary ridging and shaping and compacting are carried out. In general, the width of the ridge bottom after secondary ridging is 60cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, the center distance between two adjacent ridges is 60cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge, and 3 seeds are sowed in each hole according to the row distance of 20cm and the hole distance of 15 cm.
As shown in fig. 1, the seeder comprises a frame 1, a rotary tillage device 2 is installed at the front end of the frame 1, a fertilizing box 3 located at the front side and a seeding device 4 located at the rear side are installed on the frame 1, a first ridge former 5 and a fertilizing furrow opener 6 which are arranged side by side are correspondingly installed below the fertilizing box 3, a seeding furrow opener 7 is correspondingly installed below the seeding device 4, and a second ridge former 8 and a shaping press device 9 are installed at the rear end of the frame 1.
The seed sowing device 4 adopts a pocket type precise low-position seed sowing device capable of realizing equivalent precise feeding, 6 seed sowing devices are installed on the rack 1, each row of seed sowing devices is divided into a front row and a rear row and are arranged in a staggered mode according to 3 seed sowing devices, the specific structure of the seed sowing device is shown in figures 2-7, the seed sowing device comprises a shell 41, a seed cleaning brush 42, a seed protecting plate 43, a seed scraping device 44 and a pocket wheel assembly 45 are installed in the shell 41, and further, a low-position seed throwing wheel 46 can be installed below the pocket wheel assembly 45.
The pocket wheel assembly 45 is comprised of a first shaft, a pocket wheel row and a linkage spacing adjustment mechanism. Specifically, the first rotating shaft 451 is mounted on the housing 41, and is sleeved with a pocket wheel row formed by a left pocket wheel 452, a middle pocket wheel 453 and a right pocket wheel 454, wherein the number of the middle pocket wheels 453 is determined according to the number of seeds sowed in each hole, and when cyperus esculentus seeds are sowed in each hole for 3 seeds, one middle pocket wheel 453 is provided. The left pocket wheel 452, the middle pocket wheel 453 and the right pocket wheel 454 are all composed of a left wheel and a right wheel, each left wheel is fixed on the first rotating shaft 451 through a hoop, each right wheel is connected with the corresponding left wheel in a sleeved mode, a plurality of pockets 455 arranged along the circumferential direction are formed on the matching surfaces of the left wheel and the right wheel, the pockets 455 of the left pocket wheel 452, the middle pocket wheel 453 and the right pocket wheel 454 are equal in number and are arranged in a plurality of rows along the axial direction; in order to adjust the left-right distance of the pocket 455, a linkage distance adjusting mechanism is further arranged between each part of the pocket wheel row, and comprises a connecting rod 456 for connecting the left pocket wheel 452, the middle pocket wheel 453 and the right wheel of the right pocket wheel 454 into a whole, wherein the connecting rod 456 can be a long rod penetrating through the pocket wheel row, or can be arranged in a segmented manner in fig. 5, and whichever way, the connecting rod is movably connected when penetrating through the right wheel; the linkage distance adjusting mechanism further comprises an adjusting screw 457 sleeved at the right end of the first rotating shaft 451, the left end of the adjusting screw 457 is fixedly connected with the left wheel of the right pocket wheel 454, and the right end of the adjusting screw extends to the right side of the right wheel of the right pocket wheel 454; the adjusting screw 457 is sleeved with a compression spring 458 between the left wheel and the right wheel of the right cell wheel 454, and the right end part of the adjusting screw 457 is screwed with an adjusting nut 459. The left and right spacing of the pockets 455 on the left pocket wheel 452, the middle pocket wheel 453, and the right pocket wheel 454 are varied simultaneously as the adjustment nut 459 is screwed.
The seed protecting plate 43 and the seed scraping device 44 are respectively arranged on two sides of the pocket wheel row, and the width of the single-row pocket 455 at the bottom of the pocket wheel row is set, so that the single discharging quantity of seeds is equal to the quantity of the single-row pockets 455. The seed protection plate 43 is made of flexible materials, the back of the seed protection plate is connected with the supporting screw 431, the supporting screw 431 penetrates through the shell 41 and is fixed through the butterfly nut 432, the distance between the seed protection plate 43 and the pocket wheel row can be adjusted according to the actual situation, jamming is prevented, and the breaking rate is reduced. The seed scraper 44 comprises a support 441 fixedly connected with the housing 41, the support 441 is provided with an axial sliding slot 442, a plurality of seed cleaning sheets 443 convenient for position adjustment are mounted in the axial sliding slot 442, and the seed cleaning sheets 443 respectively correspond to the pockets 455 on the left pocket wheel 452, the middle pocket wheel 453 and the right pocket wheel 454, and are used for cleaning the seeds which are clamped in the pockets 455 and do not fall down, so that the stability of the single discharge quantity of the seeds is ensured.
In order to deliver seeds at an optimal seed feeding height, a low-position seed feeding wheel 46 is further installed in the housing 41 below the pocket wheel assembly, and a plurality of axial seed storage grooves are circumferentially formed in the surface of the low-position seed feeding wheel. The lower seed throwing wheel 46 and the row of pocket wheels rotate in unison so that all of the seeds falling from the row of pockets 455 in the row of pocket wheels fall into each axial seed storage groove. The axial seed storage grooves are identical in structure and comprise seed collecting positions 461 and seed guiding positions 462, the seed collecting positions 461 and the seed guiding positions 462 are located at the two ends of the middle part of the axial seed storage groove, the bottom surfaces of the seed guiding positions 462 are inclined from outside to inside, seeds falling into the grooves can be collected to the seed collecting positions 461, in addition, seed separating plates 463 are installed at the junctions of the seed collecting positions 461 and the seed guiding positions 462, and seed passing channels are formed by the seed separating plates 463 and the bottom surfaces of the axial seed storage groove in a clearance mode, the seed collecting is not influenced, meanwhile, the phenomenon that the seeds are scattered when being transported to a low position and discharged from the seed collecting positions 461 can be prevented, the hole distances when the seeds reach the seed throwing positions are accurately corrected, the qualification rate of the hole distances after the seeds enter seed grooves is improved, and the hole collecting.
When the seeder works, the seeder is connected with a tractor, the tractor provides power to enable the rotary tillage device 2 to work and drive the whole body to move forwards, the first ridger 5 in front of the rack 1 ditches and forms ridges, the fertilizing ditcher 6 simultaneously conducts fertilization, then the seeding ditcher 7 conducts ditching again, 3 grains of each hole are accurately sowed through the seed sowing device 4, then the second ridger 8 in back of the rack 1 conducts secondary ridging, and the shaping and pressing device 9 conducts shaping and pressing. The seeder can be used for single-stroke ridging of 3 ridges, the ridge top width of secondary ridging is 40 cm, the ridge bottom width is 60cm, the ridge height is 15cm, the center distance between two ridges is 60cm, the ridge is planted, two rows are planted on each ridge, the row distance on each ridge is 20cm, the row distance between each ridge and each ridge is 40 cm, the hole distance is 15cm, and 3 seeds are accurately sown in each hole.
Because the tillering capability of the cyperus esculentus plant is extremely strong, new plants can continuously grow from the stem of the cyperus esculentus plant in the growth process, the fibrous roots of the underground part can continuously grow into small-ball tubers, the tubers of the cyperus esculentus grow for about 60 days and start to grow, the tubers are in an ellipsoid shape after being matured, the tubers are fruits, and each root can reach 200 pieces of seeds with 100 pieces. The growing period of the cyperus esculentus planted in the Huang-Huai-Hai area is short. The single-seed precision sowing and the 1-2 sowing in each hole can continuously tiller from the stem of the plant to grow a new plant, and the increased fibrous roots can continuously form spherulite tubers. The follow-up generation of the spherulite tubers can compete for nutrients with the early-stage tubers, so that the size difference of the fruits per root is large, the yield is influenced, and the difficulty is brought to the harvest. The planting practice shows that the yield can be ensured by accurately sowing 3 seeds in each hole, the tillering capability of the cyperus esculentus plant is greatly enhanced, the probability that newly growing small spherical tubers and early-stage tubers compete for nutrients in 60 days is reduced, the cyperus esculentus plant is difficult to grow, the size of each root of fruit is uniform, the yield is increased, the quality of the cyperus esculentus fruit is improved, and the mechanical harvesting is facilitated.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, terms of orientation or positional relationship such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cyperus esculentus ridge culture seeding method with precise low-position seed discharging is characterized in that: the precision low-position seed sowing machine driven by the tractor carries out rotary tillage operation on the land, then ditching and ridging are carried out for fertilizing, then ditching is carried out for accurate sowing with the same quantity of seeds in each hole, and then secondary ridging and shaping and compacting are carried out.
2. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the width of the ridge bottom of the secondary ridging is 60cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, the center distance between every two adjacent ridges is 60cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge, and 3 seeds are sowed according to the row distance of 20cm, the hole distance of 15cm and each hole.
3. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the precision low-position seed sowing machine comprises a frame, wherein a rotary tillage device is arranged at the front end of the frame, a fertilizing box positioned on the front side and a seed sowing device positioned on the rear side are arranged on the frame, a first ridge former and a fertilizing furrow opener which are arranged side by side are correspondingly arranged below the fertilizing box, a sowing furrow opener is correspondingly arranged below the seed sowing device, and a second ridge former and a shaping press device are arranged at the rear end of the frame.
4. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the seed sowing device comprises a shell, a seed cleaning brush, a seed protection plate, a seed scraper and an eyelet wheel assembly are arranged in the shell, and the eyelet wheel assembly comprises
A first rotating shaft connected with the housing;
the left wheel is fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft, the right wheel is connected with the corresponding left wheel in a sleeved mode, a plurality of cells arranged along the circumferential direction are formed on the matching surface of the left wheel and the corresponding left wheel, and the cells on the left cell wheel, the middle cell wheel and the right cell wheel are equal in number and are correspondingly arranged in a plurality of rows along the axial direction;
a linkage space adjusting mechanism for adjusting the left and right space of the cells, comprising
The connecting rod is used for connecting the left pocket wheel, the middle pocket wheel and the right wheel of the right pocket wheel into a whole;
the adjusting screw rod is sleeved at the right end of the first rotating shaft, the left end of the adjusting screw rod is fixedly connected with the left wheel of the right pocket wheel, and the right end of the adjusting screw rod extends to the right side of the right wheel of the right pocket wheel;
the compression spring is sleeved on the adjusting screw rod and is positioned between the left wheel and the right wheel of the right pocket wheel;
and the adjusting nut is screwed on the adjusting screw rod on the right side of the right cell wheel.
5. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the seed protection plate and the seed scraper are respectively arranged on two sides of the cellular wheel row, and the width of the single-row cellular at the bottom of the cellular wheel row is set.
6. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: still be provided with the low-order seed throwing wheel that is located nest eye wheel subassembly below in the casing, the surface of low-order seed throwing wheel is provided with many axial seed storage grooves along circumference, each axial seed storage groove is all including the collection kind position that is located the middle part and the seed position of leading that is located both ends, the bottom surface outside-in slope setting of leading kind position, the juncture of collection kind position and seed position then is provided with the seed separating plate, the bottom surface clearance in seed separating plate and axial seed storage groove sets up and constitutes kind of passageway.
7. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the back of the seed protection plate is provided with a support screw rod, and the support screw rod penetrates through the shell and is fixed through a butterfly nut.
8. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the seed scraping device comprises a support frame fixedly connected with a shell, and seed cleaning sheets respectively corresponding to the cells of the left cell wheel, the middle cell wheel and the right cell wheel are arranged in an axial sliding groove of the support frame.
9. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: the seed metering devices are arranged on the rack in a front row and a rear row, each row is provided with 3 seed metering devices, and the seed metering devices in the front row and the rear row are arranged in a staggered mode.
10. The cyperus esculentus ridge planting method for precision low-position seed discharging according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: and one middle pocket wheel is arranged on each pocket type precision low-position seed sowing device.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113207365A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-06 | 山东理工大学 | Sine peak valley type precision no-tillage seeder for seedling with soybean |
| CN114503815A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-17 | 无棣优胜种植专业合作社 | Secondary-pressing full-width precision seeder and seeding method |
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