CN112569498A

CN112569498A - New method for fire fighting of building fire

Info

Publication number: CN112569498A
Application number: CN202011314098.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐林波
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-20
Filing date: 2020-11-20
Publication date: 2021-03-30

Abstract

A novel building fire fighting method, a technical scheme and facilities thereof are technically characterized in that: the thinking and the method of taking dredging as the main part and taking blocking as the auxiliary part are adopted for fire and smoke; a large-flow induced draft fan is adopted, only high-temperature flue gas above the ignition range is extracted, and the air pressure of the ignition space is controlled to be in a non-positive pressure or micro-positive pressure state; controlling the high-temperature flue gas in the firing space to flow upwards mainly in the vertical direction of the room; the fire alarm is executed in two steps: namely, pre-judging alarm and determining alarm; the pre-judgment alarm is implemented by starting high-sensitivity sensors of all mechanisms of corresponding air draft systems in rooms to perform silent alarm and starting an exhaust fan to suck a large amount of air in an alarm room into a flue; then, after a fire condition is judged by a high-reliability combined sensor which is arranged in the flue and is used for sensing temperature change, air pressure change and air composition change, audible determination alarm is carried out, and a spraying system is started to extinguish fire; therefore, huge loss caused by missing report of fire or misinformation of fire can be effectively avoided.

Description

New method for fire fighting of building fire

Technical Field

A fire-fighting method for building fire and its technique and facilities are disclosed.

Background

Hitherto, the fire-fighting ideas, methods and techniques and facilities for building fire mainly build on the basis of blocking and extinguishing the fire and fire generated by fire sources. Its main features are represented by a, positive pressure operation, namely: the air pressure of the room with fire is always in a passive enclosed positive pressure state; B. although some fire-fighting facilities are provided with air draft/blast systems, the air draft opening of the fire-fighting facilities is difficult to be ensured to be positioned right above the fire-starting point, so that high-temperature smoke and fire can transversely flow in the fire-starting space; and thus quickly ignite the combustibles in its flow path, causing the fire and hot flue gases to increase rapidly and become difficult to controllably draw them out of the fire room. The resulting big and difficult problems are: 1. a large amount of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and the like can be rapidly accumulated and diffused in a fire scene, and great harm is caused to the safe evacuation of disaster victims and the safe entry of firefighters into the fire scene. Numerous tragic fire lessons and cases confirm and explain this; 2. in most cases, the consequences of forced containment of the smoke and fire are: the air pressure, the temperature and the concentration of carbon monoxide gas in the firing space are increased rapidly, so that a violent deflagration phenomenon is caused, the fire hazard is suddenly spread and is difficult to control, and the great threat is formed for people to evacuate; 3. various facilities for forcibly enclosing smoke and fire, such as normally open and normally closed fireproof doors, fireproof windows, fireproof curtains and the like, are difficult to bear the impact of high temperature, high pressure and deflagration phenomenon for a long time; in addition, a large number of gaps of doors and windows are difficult to seal, and various facilities for forcibly enclosing smoke and fire are difficult to ensure to be maintained perfectly and used correctly, and the smoke and fire are similar to nominal smoke and fire in many cases; 4. the forced blocking of the smoke and fire can also cause artificial injury to part of people in the fire scene, so that the people are easily surrounded by smoke or the smoke and fire air pressure seal door and are difficult to escape rapidly, and great difficulty is caused to fire fighters to enter the fire scene safely.

In addition, the false alarm problem of the fire sensor is also very serious. Not only can cause property and resource loss due to the starting of fire fighting devices such as spraying devices, but also can cause serious paralysis and weakening of fire fighting consciousness of people.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to thoroughly eliminate the negative effects brought by the traditional building fire fighting method, the invention provides a brand-new building fire fighting new method, a technical scheme and facilities thereof, so as to develop a new way for the building fire fighting method and play a very obvious and positive fire fighting effect. The invention is technically characterized in that: 1. the thinking and the method of taking dredging as the main part and taking blocking as the auxiliary part are adopted for fire and smoke; 2. a large-flow induced draft fan is adopted, and corresponding technical measures are adopted, only high-temperature flue gas around the upper part of the ignition point range is extracted, so that the air extraction amount is larger than, equal to or slightly smaller than the flue gas amount generated by combustion; thereby controlling the air pressure of the firing space to be in a non-positive pressure or micro-positive pressure state; 3. the method comprises the following steps of controlling high-temperature smoke in a fire space, particularly high-temperature smoke at a fire point and in the peripheral range to flow upwards mainly in the vertical direction of a room, so that cold air containing a water spraying flame retardant surrounds the fire space and is gathered to a fire source at a high speed, and the high-temperature smoke is prevented from flowing downwards through transverse flow or turning over to spread and propagate, so that other inflammable matters are ignited, personnel inhale the smoke to be injured, and meanwhile, the fire source is quickly cooled to be extinguished; 4. leading the high-temperature flue gas out of the top of the building to be evacuated so as to prevent the upper-layer building from being ignited from the outside of the building; 5. the fire alarm is executed in two steps: namely, pre-judging alarm and determining alarm; the pre-judgment alarm is implemented by starting high-sensitivity sensors of all mechanisms of corresponding air draft systems in rooms to perform silent alarm and starting an exhaust fan to suck a large amount of air in an alarm room into a flue; then, after a fire condition is judged by a high-reliability combined sensor which is arranged in the flue and is used for sensing temperature change, air pressure change and air composition change, audible determination alarm is carried out, and a spraying system is started to extinguish fire; therefore, huge loss caused by missing report of fire or misinformation of fire can be effectively avoided.

The specific technical scheme and the facilities for implementing the new method for building fire protection are as follows: the smoke extraction and water spraying pipe network is distributed in the building in a main system pipeline form, a branch system pipeline form and a branch system pipeline form; the important fire-fighting equipment is a tail end pipe array which is used as an air draft flue and a water spraying pipeline which are provided with a smoke draft port and a water spraying port and have a direct fire extinguishing function, and the air draft flue and the water spraying pipeline are fully paved and buried in each floor roof plate of the whole building; in order to reduce fire fighting cost and save building space, the fire fighting wall can be used as a supporting or reinforcing component of a building floor; they can also be fully paved and installed below the roof plates of each floor; the smoke exhaust outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe network system is arranged above the top of the building, and negative pressure suction is generated through a draught fan and/or a chimney; a high-pressure water pump is arranged in a water spraying pipe network system, and a fire-fighting water source can be merged into a building water supply pipe network system so as to ensure the daily maintenance and normal use of the fire-fighting water source; or may be provided separately.

According to the area of each independent room in the building, one or more groups of tail end array pipes which can be independently controlled are arranged at the top of each room; they are communicated with the main flue which leads to the roof through each branch flue; a sensor and/or a valve controlled by manual signals are arranged on each branch flue; after pre-judgment and alarm, automatically adjusting the opening and closing states of all valves in the whole air draft flue system, and starting an induced draft fan; thereby controlling the wind source of the induced draft fan to ensure that the induced draft fan only comes from the upper part of the vicinity of the ignition point range of the ignition room, and guiding the gas of the ignition alarm room to the upper part of the building roof from the top of the room; and if the alarm is judged as false alarm, the opening and closing states of each valve in the induced draft fan and the whole induced draft flue system are recovered when the building normally operates.

The induced draft fan is a variable frequency fan or other speed regulating fans, and the air pressure and the temperature of a room on fire are controlled by regulating the air speed and the air pressure of the induced draft fan. The smoke and fire can be kept in a micro-positive pressure, environmental atmospheric pressure, micro-negative pressure or high-negative pressure state, so that smoke and fire can not flow to other rooms; the specific air pressure state of the firing room to be controlled can be adjusted according to the type, quantity and position of combustible materials in the firing room, the fire resistance of doors, windows, walls and partitions of the firing room, and the air pressure and temperature change conditions; the adjustment aims are three, namely, smoke and fire and high-temperature spread are prevented; secondly, the space at the bottom of the room with fire maintains a certain air volume, so as to be beneficial to the evacuation of people; thirdly, a large amount of excess cold air and spray water containing fire retardant are used for cooling the fire source, so that the heating speed is slowed down or the fire source is cooled completely.

The tail end tube nest is a double-layer metal sleeve, and rib plates are arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube to be connected; the inner pipe is a flue, and the outer pipe is a water spraying pipe; a water pipeline is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the pipeline is in an anhydrous state at ordinary times, and a certain amount of water-soluble flame retardant is filled along the pipeline; when a fire occurs, a branch water pipeline valve communicated with a pipe array at the tail end of the firing room is opened, and high-pressure water dissolved with a fire retardant is sprayed into the whole firing room; the purpose is that unburnt combustible substances in the room can be moistened, so that the room is not easy to burn; secondly, room precipitation which surrounds the fire point and gathers towards the fire source from the periphery can be formed, so that the fire is extinguished at the beginning; thirdly, the metal flue can be rapidly cooled to prevent the metal flue from being ablated; fourthly, the volume of the high-temperature smoke entering the tail end tube nest is cooled due to rapid cooling, so that certain vacuum additional suction force is formed on the smoke in the room, and the effect of increasing the smoke suction amount can be achieved.

The whole building ventilation pipe network used as the air draft flue can be used as a building fresh air system at ordinary times; introducing the purified and filtered outside air into each room needing ventilation in the building; when a certain room is on fire, the air suction ports of other rooms are closed through intelligent control, so that the air volume and the air pressure regulating quantity of the room on fire are as large as possible, and the room on fire reaches the air pressure and temperature states required by fire control.

The fire-fighting equipment can be designed and installed in a new building and can also be used for the reconstruction and installation of an old building.

The invention has the advantages that: 1. a large amount of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and the like accumulated and diffused on a fire scene can be quickly eliminated, and conditions are created for safe evacuation of disaster victims and safe entry of firefighters into the fire scene; 2. the deflagration phenomenon which makes the fire spread suddenly and is difficult to control can be effectively prevented; 3. various fire protection facility grades for enclosing smoke and fire can be greatly reduced; 4. the artificial injury to the disaster victims and the fire fighters on the fire scene can be avoided when the smoke and fire are forcibly blocked; 5. the two-step alarm system for pre-judging alarm and determining alarm can effectively avoid the loss caused by missing alarm of fire or false alarm of fire; 6. the fire fighting equipment is combined with the building structure and the daily life equipment, so that the fire fighting cost can be greatly reduced. And the difficult problems of daily monitoring and maintenance of the fire-fighting facilities can be effectively solved.

The story of Dayu water control in history tells us that the blockage is not blocked in the face of taurulous flood, and the problem is difficult to solve by a method of strong blockage and hard enclosure, so that the problem is fundamentally solved by mainly dredging and secondarily blocking. From the technical point of view and the danger degree of human injury, smoke and high temperature in the fire disaster need to adopt a treatment method mainly based on dredging and secondarily based on blocking to reduce the fire hazard in the building to the maximum extent compared with flood in the flood disaster.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pipe of the end array.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a network of smoking sprinkler pipes in the form of main, branch and branch pipes distributed throughout a building.

In the figure, 1, an outer pipe of a tail end tube array, 2, an inner pipe of the tail end tube array, 3, an air suction opening, 4, a water spray opening, 5, a flue, 6, a water pipeline, 7, a rib plate, 8, a main pipeline, 9, branch pipelines, 10, branch pipelines and 11, the tail end tube array are arranged.

Detailed Description

In FIG. 1, the tail end pipe array is a double-layer metal sleeve, and rib plates are arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe to connect the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the inner pipe is a flue, and the outer pipe is a water spraying pipe; a water pipeline is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the pipeline is in an anhydrous state at ordinary times, and a certain amount of water-soluble flame retardant is filled along the pipeline; when a fire occurs, a branch water pipeline valve communicated with a pipe array at the tail end of the firing room is opened, and high-pressure water dissolved with a fire retardant is sprayed into the whole firing room; the purpose is that unburnt combustible substances in the room can be moistened, so that the room is not easy to burn; secondly, room precipitation which surrounds the fire point and gathers towards the fire source from the periphery can be formed, so that the fire is extinguished at the beginning; thirdly, the metal flue can be rapidly cooled to prevent the metal flue from being ablated; fourthly, the volume of the high-temperature smoke entering the tail end tube nest is cooled due to rapid cooling, so that certain vacuum additional suction force is formed on the smoke in the room, and the effect of increasing the smoke suction amount can be achieved.

In fig. 2, the network of smoking and sprinkler pipes is distributed through the form of main, branch and branch system pipes in the building; wherein the important fire-fighting equipment tail end tube is used as an air draft flue and a water spray pipeline which are provided with a smoke draft port and a water spray port and have a direct fire extinguishing function, and is fully paved and buried in each floor roof plate of the whole building; in order to reduce fire fighting cost and save building space, the fire fighting wall can be used as a supporting or reinforcing component of a building floor; they can also be fully paved and installed below the roof plates of each floor; the smoke exhaust outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe network system is arranged above the top of the building, and negative pressure suction is generated through a draught fan and/or a chimney; a high-pressure water pump is arranged in a water spraying pipe network system, and a fire-fighting water source can be merged into a building water supply pipe network system so as to ensure the daily maintenance and normal use of the fire-fighting water source; or may be provided separately.

Claims

1. A novel building fire fighting method, a technical scheme and facilities thereof are technically characterized in that: 1. the thinking and the method of taking dredging as the main part and taking blocking as the auxiliary part are adopted for fire and smoke; 2. a large-flow induced draft fan is adopted, and corresponding technical measures are adopted, only high-temperature flue gas around the upper part of the ignition point range is extracted, so that the air extraction amount is larger than, equal to or slightly smaller than the flue gas amount generated by combustion; thereby controlling the air pressure of the firing space to be in a non-positive pressure or micro-positive pressure state; 3. the method comprises the following steps of controlling high-temperature smoke in a fire space, particularly high-temperature smoke at a fire point and in the peripheral range to flow upwards mainly in the vertical direction of a room, so that cold air containing a water spraying flame retardant surrounds the fire space and is gathered to a fire source at a high speed, and the high-temperature smoke is prevented from flowing downwards through transverse flow or turning over to spread and propagate, so that other inflammable matters are ignited, personnel inhale the smoke to be injured, and meanwhile, the fire source is quickly cooled to be extinguished; 4. leading the high-temperature flue gas out of the top of the building to be evacuated so as to prevent the upper-layer building from being ignited from the outside of the building; 5. the fire alarm is executed in two steps: namely, pre-judging alarm and determining alarm; the pre-judgment alarm is implemented by starting high-sensitivity sensors of all mechanisms of corresponding air draft systems in rooms to perform silent alarm and starting an exhaust fan to suck a large amount of air in an alarm room into a flue; then, after a fire condition is judged by a high-reliability combined sensor which is arranged in the flue and is used for sensing temperature change, air pressure change and air composition change, audible determination alarm is carried out, and a spraying system is started to extinguish fire; therefore, huge loss caused by missing report of fire or misinformation of fire can be effectively avoided.

2. The new method, technical scheme and facility for building fire protection according to claim 1, wherein the method is technically characterized in that: the smoke extraction and water spraying pipe network is distributed in the building in a main system pipeline form, a branch system pipeline form and a branch system pipeline form; the original fire-fighting equipment tail end tube is used as an air draft flue and a water spray pipeline which are provided with a smoke draft port and a water spray port and have a direct fire extinguishing function, and is fully paved and buried in each floor roof plate of the whole building; in order to reduce fire fighting cost and save building space, the fire fighting wall can be used as a supporting or reinforcing component of a building floor; they can also be fully paved and installed below the roof plates of each floor; the smoke exhaust outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe network system is arranged above the top of the building, and negative pressure suction is generated through a draught fan and/or a chimney; a high-pressure water pump is arranged in a water spraying pipe network system, and a fire-fighting water source can be merged into a building water supply pipe network system so as to ensure the daily maintenance and normal use of the fire-fighting water source; or may be provided separately.

3. The new building fire fighting method and the technical scheme and facilities thereof according to claim 2, which is technically characterized in that: the fire-fighting water source is merged into a building water supply pipe network system so as to ensure the daily maintenance and normal use of the fire-fighting water source.

4. The new method, technical scheme and facility for building fire protection according to claim 1, wherein the method is technically characterized in that: according to the area of each independent room in the building, one or more groups of tail end array pipes which can be independently controlled are arranged at the top of each room; they are communicated with the main flue which leads to the roof through each branch flue; a sensor and/or a valve controlled by manual signals are arranged on each branch flue; after pre-judgment and alarm, automatically adjusting the opening and closing states of all valves in the whole air draft flue system, and starting an induced draft fan; thereby controlling the wind source of the induced draft fan to ensure that the induced draft fan only comes from the upper part of the vicinity of the ignition point range of the ignition room, and guiding the gas of the ignition alarm room to the upper part of the building roof from the top of the room; and if the alarm is judged as false alarm, the opening and closing states of each valve in the induced draft fan and the whole induced draft flue system are recovered when the building normally operates.

5. The new method, technical scheme and facility for building fire protection according to claim 1, wherein the method is technically characterized in that: the induced draft fan is a variable frequency fan or other speed regulating fans, and controls the air pressure and temperature of a room on fire by regulating the air speed and the air pressure of the induced draft fan, so that the induced draft fan is kept in a micro-positive pressure state, an environmental atmospheric pressure state, a micro-negative pressure state or a high-negative pressure state, and smoke and fire cannot flow to other rooms; the specific air pressure state of the firing room to be controlled can be adjusted according to the type, quantity and position of combustible materials in the firing room, the fire resistance of doors, windows, walls and partitions of the firing room, and the air pressure and temperature change conditions; the adjustment aims are three, namely, smoke and fire and high-temperature spread are prevented; secondly, the space at the bottom of the room with fire maintains a certain air volume, so as to be beneficial to the evacuation of people; thirdly, a large amount of excess cold air and spray water containing fire retardant are used for cooling the fire source, so that the heating speed is slowed down or the fire source is cooled completely.

6. The new building fire fighting method and the technical scheme and facilities thereof according to claim 2, which is technically characterized in that: the tail end tube nest is a double-layer metal sleeve, and rib plates are arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube to be connected; the inner pipe is a flue, and the outer pipe is a water spraying pipe; a water pipeline is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the pipeline is in an anhydrous state at ordinary times, and a certain amount of water-soluble flame retardant is filled along the pipeline; when a fire occurs, a branch water pipeline valve communicated with a pipe array at the tail end of the firing room is opened, and high-pressure water dissolved with a fire retardant is sprayed into the whole firing room; the purpose is that unburnt combustible substances in the room can be moistened, so that the room is not easy to burn; secondly, room precipitation which surrounds the fire point and gathers towards the fire source from the periphery can be formed, so that the fire is extinguished at the beginning; thirdly, the metal flue can be rapidly cooled to prevent the metal flue from being ablated; fourthly, the volume of the high-temperature smoke entering the tail end tube nest is cooled due to rapid cooling, so that certain vacuum additional suction force is formed on the smoke in the room, and the effect of increasing the smoke suction amount can be achieved.

7. The new method, technical scheme and facility for building fire protection according to claim 1, wherein the method is technically characterized in that: the whole building ventilation pipe network used as an air draft flue is used as a building fresh air system at ordinary times; introducing the purified and filtered outside air into each room needing ventilation in the building; when a certain room is on fire, the air suction ports of other rooms are closed through intelligent control, so that the air volume and the air pressure regulating quantity of the room on fire are as large as possible, and the room on fire reaches the air pressure and temperature states required by fire control.