CN112567919B - Ecological restoration method for open pit coal mine waste dump in loess hilly area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for open pit coal mine waste dump in loess hilly area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112567919B CN112567919B CN202011443724.5A CN202011443724A CN112567919B CN 112567919 B CN112567919 B CN 112567919B CN 202011443724 A CN202011443724 A CN 202011443724A CN 112567919 B CN112567919 B CN 112567919B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- slope
- platform
- planting
- caragana microphylla
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area, and belongs to the technical field of soil and vegetation restoration. The method is suitable for the soil, terrain and vegetation configuration method for ecological restoration of the large-scale opencast coal mine waste dump in the loess hilly area, and achieves the purposes of maintaining the soil structure of the area and stabilizing the vegetation community by reasonably setting the terrain conditions (standing land, slope direction and gradient) and the configuration mode (type and density) of the vegetation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil and vegetation restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area.
Background
Open coal mining in loess hilly areas forms a large number of waste disposal sites, not only greatly destroys earth surface landscapes and occupies a large amount of land, but also influences animal and plant habitats, and seriously threatens the local ecological environment, and the problems of water and soil loss, land degradation and the like in such areas become serious day by day. Therefore, the restoration and reconstruction of the refuse dump ecosystem has become a focus of attention in recent years.
The terrain remodeling, the soil reconstruction and the vegetation reconstruction are used as a foundation, a core and a guarantee stage of the restoration and reconstruction of the mining area ecological system, and the formed terrain, soil and vegetation interact with each other to play an important role in maintaining the stability of the soil body structure and vegetation communities of the reclamation land of the mining area and restoring the ecological environment of the area. The terrain is one of five major soil forming factors, is mainly indirectly acted on soil through redistribution of substances and energy, influences the soil thickness distribution and the migration and enrichment process of soil moisture and nutrients, and further influences the growth condition and the distribution pattern of vegetation. The soil provides water and nutrients for the vegetation; the vegetation improves the moisture and organic matter conditions and the soil structure of the soil through branch and leaf covering, dead branch and fallen leaf and root extension, reduces sand erosion and desertification, and maintains the soil structure and the stable topography of the area.
The existing recovery and reconstruction schemes of the ecological system of the refuse dump do not cover configuration parameters of soil, terrain and vegetation at the same time, or relate to the configuration of certain (several) soil factors alone, or develop the exploration of vegetation configuration modes according to regional conditions alone, or design the terrain characteristics, or consider the configuration method between certain (several) soil factors and vegetation, and lack the parameter configuration of all aspects of soil, terrain and vegetation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method for an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an ecological restoration method for an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area, which comprises the following steps:
1) constructing the slope of an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area to be restored into a pile with alternate platforms and side slopes, wherein a top platform of the pile is divided into a north platform and a south platform along a east-west division line, and the proportion of the total length of the north platform and the south platform in the north-south direction is (1.3-1.5): 1; the height of the pile body is less than or equal to 60 m;
2) and planting locust, Chinese pine and caragana microphylla in a mixed mode on the platform and the side slope.
Preferably, when constructing the slope of the waste dump of open pit coal mine in loess hilly area to be restored into a pile with alternate platforms and side slopes, the method further comprises the following steps of adjusting the soil conditions of the pile: the earth surface of the pile body is represented by 0cm, from top to bottom, and the conditions of the upper soil of the pile body of 0-30 cm comprise:
the volume weight of the soil is 0.44-2.04 g/cm3(ii) a The water content of the soil is 12.36-14.76%;
the mass percentage of sand grains, particles and sticky grains in the soil is (2.75-2.80): (2.70-2.80): 1;
the mass percentage content of the gravels in the soil is 1.24-1.46%;
the pH value of the soil is 7.90-8.06;
the organic matter content of the soil is 24.81-31.11 g/kg;
the total nitrogen content of the soil is 0.44-0.74 g/kg;
the effective phosphorus content of the soil is 3.56-4.30 mg/kg;
the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is 110.68-144.16 mg/kg;
the conditions of the lower soil layer of the pile body of 30-60 cm comprise:
the volume weight of the soil is 0.85-1.75 g/cm3；
The water content of the soil is 16.04-17.82% by mass;
the mass percentage content of sand grains, particles and sticky grains in the soil is (2.60-3.1): (2.70-2.9): 1;
the mass percentage content of the gravels in the soil is 1.62-2.98%;
the pH value of the soil is 8.02-8.04;
the organic matter content of the soil is 37.42-49.28 g/kg;
the total nitrogen content of the soil is 0.61-0.75 g/kg;
the effective phosphorus content of the soil is 4.97-5.87 mg/kg;
the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is 81.57-87.29 mg/kg.
Preferably, the slope of the side slope in the step 1) is 21-30 degrees.
Preferably, in the step 1), the height difference between the adjacent platforms is 20-40 m.
Preferably, the planting proportion of the acacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in the step 2) comprises the following steps:
the terrace of the sunny slope: the planting quantity ratio of the locust tree, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1.5: 1: 2;
the platform of the half sunny slope: the planting quantity ratio of the locust tree, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1.5: 2: 1;
platform of the semi-cloudy slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 1.5: 1;
platform of the negative slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 1: 1;
side slope of sunny slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 1: 2;
side slope of the semi-sunny slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 2: 2;
side slope of semi-concave slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 2: 1;
side slope of the negative slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 2: 1.
preferably, the planting distance between the locust trees and the Chinese pine trees is 1.8-2.2 m independently.
Preferably, the planting distance of the caragana microphylla is 1-1.4 m.
Preferably, herbaceous plants are further planted on the platform and the side slope in the step 2).
Preferably, the herbaceous plant is selected from one or more of artemisia capillaris, wheatgrass, elymus foenum-graecum and alfalfa.
Preferably, the planting ratio of the herbaceous plant comprises:
sunny or semi-sunny slope of the platform: the planting quantity proportion of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1: 1: 1.5: 1;
negative slope or semi-negative slope of the platform: the planting quantity proportion of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1: 1.5: 1: 1;
sunny slope or semi-sunny slope of side slope: the planting quantity ratio of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1.5;
negative slope or semi-negative slope of side slope: the planting quantity ratio of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1.5: 1.5: 1: 1.5.
the invention provides an ecological restoration method for an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area. The method is suitable for the soil, terrain and vegetation configuration method for ecological restoration of the open pit coal mine waste dump in the loess hilly area, and by reasonably setting the terrain conditions including the standing land, the slope direction and the gradient, the range of each soil factor and the configuration mode of the vegetation including the type and the density, the vegetation and soil conditions can continuously and stably succeed along with the development of the reclamation time, and the unexpected conditions of water and soil loss, vegetation growth retardation, degradation, even death and the like are avoided, so that the aim of maintaining the soil body structure of the area and the vegetation community stability is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the slope and the overlook shape of the dump, wherein A is a schematic diagram of the overlook shape of the dump and B is a schematic diagram of the slope of the dump;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the type of site of a refuse dump;
FIG. 3 shows the repairing effect of the platform and the sunny slope in example 1;
FIG. 4 shows the repairing effect of the platform and the semi-sunny slope in example 1;
FIG. 5 shows the repairing effect of the platform and the semi-negative slope in example 1;
FIG. 6 shows the repairing effect of the platform and the negative slope in embodiment 1;
FIG. 7 shows the effect of slope and sunny slope restoration in example 1;
FIG. 8 shows the effect of repairing a side slope or a semi-sunny slope in example 1;
FIG. 9 shows the effect of slope and penumbra restoration in example 1;
FIG. 10 shows the effect of repairing a side slope and a negative slope in example 1;
FIG. 11 shows the repairing effect of the side slope and the semi-sunny slope in comparative example 1;
FIG. 12 shows the effect of repairing a side slope and a sunny slope in comparative example 1;
FIG. 13 shows the repairing effect of the terrace and the semi-sunny slope in comparative example 1;
fig. 14 shows the effect of repairing the terrace and the negative slope in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area, which comprises the following steps:
1) constructing the slope of an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area to be restored into a pile with alternate platforms and side slopes, wherein a top platform of the pile is divided into a north platform and a south platform along a east-west division line, and the proportion of the total length of the north platform and the south platform in the north-south direction is (1.3-1.5): 1; the height of the pile body is less than or equal to 60 m;
2) and planting locust, Chinese pine and caragana microphylla in a mixed mode on the platform and the side slope.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly constructing a slope surface of an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area to be restored into a pile body with alternating platforms and side slopes, wherein a top platform of the pile body is divided into a north platform and a south platform along a east-west division line, and the proportion of the total length of the north platform and the south platform in the north-south direction is (1.3-1.5): 1; the height of the pile body is less than or equal to 60 m.
In the invention, when constructing the slope of the waste dump of open pit coal mine in loess hilly area to be restored into a pile with alternate platforms and side slopes, the preferable method also comprises the following steps: the earth surface of the pile body is represented by 0cm, from top to bottom, and the conditions of the upper soil of the pile body of 0-30 cm comprise:
the volume weight of the soil is 0.44-2.04 g/cm3(ii) a The water content of the soil is 12.36-14.76%;
the mass percentage of sand grains, particles and sticky grains in the soil is (2.75-2.80): (2.70-2.80): 1;
the mass percentage content of the gravels in the soil is 1.24-1.46%;
the pH value of the soil is 7.90-8.06;
the organic matter content of the soil is 24.81-31.11 g/kg;
the total nitrogen content of the soil is 0.44-0.74 g/kg;
the effective phosphorus content of the soil is 3.56-4.30 mg/kg;
the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is 110.68-144.16 mg/kg;
the conditions of the lower soil layer of the pile body of 30-60 cm comprise:
the volume weight of the soil is 0.85-1.75 g/cm3；
The water content of the soil is 16.04-17.82% by mass;
the mass percentage content of sand grains, particles and sticky grains in the soil is (2.60-3.1): (2.70-2.9): 1;
the mass percentage content of the gravels in the soil is 1.62-2.98%;
the pH value of the soil is 8.02-8.04;
the organic matter content of the soil is 37.42-49.28 g/kg;
the total nitrogen content of the soil is 0.61-0.75 g/kg;
the effective phosphorus content of the soil is 4.97-5.87 mg/kg;
the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is 81.57-87.29 mg/kg.
In the present invention, a schematic diagram of the slope and the overhead shape of the dump is shown in fig. 1, where a is the schematic diagram of the overhead shape of the dump, and B is the schematic diagram of the slope of the dump.
In the present invention, the ratio of the total length in the north-south direction of the north platform (north slope) and the south platform (south slope) is preferably 1.4: 1.
in the present invention, the ratio of the total length in the north-south direction of the north-side platform (north slope) and the south-side platform (south slope) is set to 1.4: 1 has the following advantages: on one hand, the arrangement of the proportion can effectively utilize land resources, and the waste of the land resources caused by overlarge occupied area of a dump body of the waste dump is avoided; on the other hand, compared with other pile surfaces, the vegetation condition and the repairing effect of the (semi) negative slope are better, and the platform is arranged in proportion to place more dump yard piles on the (semi) negative slope, so that the good repairing effect can be ensured to the maximum extent.
The top platform of the stack body is divided into a north side platform and a south side platform along east-west direction dividing lines, a central vertical line which is positioned on the north side platform and is vertical to the horizontal line is 0 degree, a negative slope is formed within the ranges of 0-45 degrees and 315-0 degrees in the clockwise direction, a semi-positive slope is formed within the range of 45-135 degrees, a positive slope is formed within the range of 135-225 degrees, and a semi-negative slope is formed within the range of 225-315 degrees, which is shown in a specific reference B in figure 1.
The loess hilly area of China is in different slope directions, the difference of soil conditions and vegetation growth conditions is obvious due to different solar radiation conditions, and the slope direction conditions are that a yin slope is greater than a semi-yin slope and a semi-yang slope is greater than a yang slope from good to poor. Therefore, in order to guarantee the repairing effect of the waste dump to the maximum extent, the area proportion of the invention is set as a sunny slope, a cloudy slope, a semi-cloudy slope or a semi-sunny slope according to the area proportion shown in fig. 1, so as to increase the area of the cloudy slope, the semi-cloudy slope or the semi-sunny slope.
In the present invention, a schematic view of the type of the site of the refuse dump is shown in FIG. 2. The waste dump of the invention adopts a platform-slope alternate mode, and can save the occupied area.
In the invention, the slope of the side slope is preferably 21-30 degrees, and is further preferably 23-25 degrees, and the angle range can maintain the stability of the side slope, reduce water and soil loss and is favorable for vegetation growth.
In the invention, the height difference between adjacent platforms is preferably 20-40 m, more preferably 25-35 m, and even more preferably 30 m.
The arrangement of the height and the gradient of the platform is favorable for forming a stable pile body, so that water and soil loss caused by loose soil in a loess area is avoided, meanwhile, earth surface land can be effectively utilized, and the pile body is prevented from occupying a large land area.
In the present invention, the range of the soil-related parameters of the dump is defined as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 determination of the soil parameters of the dump
In the invention, "0-30 cm" and "30-60 cm" referred to in table 1 are soil layers from top to bottom of the pile, i.e. 0cm represents the ground surface of the pile, and 30cm is a soil layer 30cm below the ground surface. 0-30 is the upper layer of the stacked soil body, and 30-60 is the lower layer of the stacked soil body.
In the invention, soil layers of 0-30 cm are a main herbaceous nutrition supply layer and a secondary arbor and shrub nutrition supply layer, and are main herbaceous root distribution areas and main arbor and shrub root systems as 'channels'.
In the invention, a soil layer of 30-60 cm is a main nutrition supply layer for trees and shrubs and a main root distribution area for trees and shrubs.
In the invention, the adjustment of the relevant parameters of the soil in the waste dump is carried out by manually setting the proportion of each mechanical component of the soil and the gravel content in the waste dump land-making process, manually watering and manually fertilizing, wherein the volume weight, the gravel content and the mechanical components are manually blended, and the water content is set by controlling the watering amount.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, the vegetation is planted to play the roles of stabilizing and adjusting the soil structure, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the system stability of the refuse dump.
The locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla are planted on the platform and the side slope in a mixed mode.
In the present invention, the planting ratio of the acacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla preferably comprises:
the terrace of the sunny slope: the planting quantity ratio of the locust tree, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1.5: 1: 2;
the platform of the half sunny slope: the planting quantity ratio of the locust tree, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1.5: 2: 1;
platform of the semi-cloudy slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 1.5: 1;
platform of the negative slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 1: 1;
side slope of sunny slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 1: 2;
side slope of the semi-sunny slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 2: 2;
side slope of semi-concave slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 2: 1;
side slope of the negative slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 2: 1.
the planting ratio of trees and shrubs in the early period of reclamation according to the present invention is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 planting proportion of trees and shrubs at the early stage of reclamation
In the invention, the planting distance between the locust trees and the Chinese pine trees is preferably 1.8-2.2 m independently, and more preferably 2m independently.
In the invention, the planting distance of the caragana microphylla is preferably 1-1.4 m, and more preferably 1.2 m.
In the present invention, the tree age of the robinia pseudoacacia, the pinus tabulaeformis and the caragana microphylla is preferably 2 years; the transplanting time of the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is preferably 3-4 months. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla are watered thoroughly for the first time after being transplanted, are watered for the second time after 3-4 days to keep the soil moist, and are maintained to keep the soil moist for the later period.
In the invention, the planting depth of the robinia pseudoacacia is preferably 1-3 cm higher than the root neck of the seedling, and is preferably 2 cm; the Chinese pine is preferably transplanted with soil balls, and the size of a transplanting hole of the Chinese pine is preferably 30 x 30 cm; the size of the transplanting hole surface of the caragana microphylla is preferably 40 x 50cm, the invention has no requirement on the depth of the transplanting hole of the caragana microphylla, and the caragana microphylla is double-plant in one hole.
In the invention, herbaceous plants are preferably planted on the platform and the side slope; the herbaceous plant is preferably selected from one or more of herba Artemisiae Scopariae, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, herba Linderniae Cuneatae and herba Medicaginis. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the planting density of the artemisia capillaris seeds is 0.1 kg/mu, the planting density of the wheatgrass and alfalfa seeds is 1.2 kg/mu, and the planting density of the elymus blumei seeds is 5 kg/mu. In the present invention, the herbaceous plant is preferably planted by sowing; the period of sowing is preferably the initial period of reclamation.
In the present invention, the planting ratio of the herbaceous plant preferably includes:
sunny or semi-sunny slope of the platform: the planting quantity proportion of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1: 1: 1.5: 1;
negative slope or semi-negative slope of the platform: the planting quantity proportion of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1: 1.5: 1: 1;
sunny slope or semi-sunny slope of side slope: the planting quantity ratio of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1.5;
negative slope or semi-negative slope of side slope: the planting quantity ratio of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1.5: 1.5: 1: 1.5.
namely, as shown in the planting ratio shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 planting ratio of herbaceous plants
In the practice of the present invention, the choice of terrain for planting of the waste dump vegetation is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 selection of vegetation to terrain for refuse dumps
Note: bolded font indicates that the type is dominant.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
1. A place: southern refuse dump of open-pit coal mine, santaibao, Shanxi, Shuozhou, Pinlu area;
2. dump formation time and reclamation time: 1985-1989 (soil discharge and land reclamation), 1992-1995 (reclamation);
3. and (3) mining stage: in a given mining area, firstly, soil and stones covered on a coal seam are stripped and temporarily piled at a site of a dumping site; after the upper covering soil layer is stripped, the coal mining process is started, and wastes such as coal gangue and the like are generated in the process. During the extraction phase, large and small rocks are also separated. And (3) mixing and stacking the stripped soil, waste stones, coal gangue and other wastes (maintaining the natural roll-off angle of the side slope at 30-35 degrees). (mixed soil and stone)
4. A reclamation stage: and covering soil (average soil covering is 1m) on a flat plate and a slope after the discarded soil and stones reach a set boundary, compacting the flat plate by using heavy machinery, not compacting the slope, adopting fish scale pits and rectangular pits and the like. And (4) carrying out reclamation planting on vegetation within one year after the soil covering is finished, sowing herbs, transplanting arbors and shrubs (planting mode combining the herbs, the shrubs and the arbors), fertilizing, watering, managing and protecting.
5. Planting vegetation:
a terrace sunny slope; a reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (the robinia pseudoacacia: the Chinese pine: the caragana microphylla: 1.5: 1: 2).
A platform semi-sunny slope; a reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (the robinia pseudoacacia: the Chinese pine: the caragana microphylla: 1.5: 2: 1).
A platform semi-concave slope; a reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (2: 1.5: 1: 2: 1: robinia pseudoacacia).
A platform negative slope; a reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (the robinia pseudoacacia: the Chinese pine: the caragana microphylla: 1: 1).
Side slope and sunny slope; a side slope reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (the robinia pseudoacacia: the Chinese pine: the caragana microphylla: 1: 2).
Side slope semi-sunny slope; a side slope reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (the robinia pseudoacacia: the Chinese pine: the caragana microphylla: 1: 2: 2).
A side slope semi-shade slope; a side slope reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (2: 2: 1).
Slope shade slope; a side slope reclamation mode: and planting the robinia pseudoacacia, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla in a mixing way (2: 2: 1).
Comparative example 1
The procedure was as in example 1 except that the vegetation was planted and reclaimed as follows.
Side slope semi-sunny slope; a reclamation mode: the single variety of the vegetation is artemisia ovis and the soil gravel content is too high.
Side slope and sunny slope; a reclamation mode: the single-sown herb is the elymus dahuricus, the gravel content and the soil moisture are not adjusted, and the soil body is loose and unstable.
A platform semi-sunny slope; a reclamation mode: the single variety of the vegetation is caragana microphylla, and the density is too low.
A platform negative slope; a reclamation mode: the Chinese pine is planted singly, and the density is too small.
Comparison of repair effects of example 1 and comparative example 1
Evaluation criteria for effects: the growth conditions of trees, shrubs and herbs (the vegetation density, the stout degree of the trunk of the trees/the crown width of the shrubs) and whether the tree-shrub-herb vegetation system is complete or not. See table 1 for results.
Table 1 comparison of repairing effects of example 1 and comparative example 1
The above examples and comparative examples were carried out for similar periods of time, all around 30 years. Thus, the time factor is not considered as a variable here.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for ecological restoration of an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area comprises the following steps:
1) constructing the slope of an open pit coal mine waste dump in a loess hilly area to be restored into a pile with alternate platforms and side slopes, wherein a top platform of the pile is divided into a north platform and a south platform along a east-west division line, and the proportion of the total length of the north platform and the south platform in the north-south direction is (1.3-1.5): 1; the height of the pile body is less than or equal to 60 m;
2) planting locust, Chinese pine and caragana microphylla on the platform and the side slope in a mixed mode; the planting proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla comprises the following steps:
the terrace of the sunny slope: the planting quantity ratio of the locust tree, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1.5: 1: 2;
the platform of the half sunny slope: the planting quantity ratio of the locust tree, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1.5: 2: 1;
platform of the semi-cloudy slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 1.5: 1;
platform of the negative slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 1: 1;
side slope of sunny slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 1: 2;
side slope of the semi-sunny slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 1: 2: 2;
side slope of semi-concave slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 2: 1;
side slope of the negative slope: the planting quantity proportion of the locust, the Chinese pine and the caragana microphylla is 2: 2: 1;
when will wait to restore the domatic construction of loess hilly area opencut coal mine refuse dump and platform and side slope alternating heap, still include to the condition of the soil of heap is adjusted: the earth surface of the pile body is represented by 0cm, from top to bottom, and the conditions of the upper soil of the pile body of 0-30 cm comprise:
the volume weight of the soil is 0.44-2.04 g/cm3(ii) a The mass water content of the soil is 12.36% -14.76%;
the mass percentage of sand grains, particles and sticky grains in the soil is (2.75-2.80): (2.70-2.80): 1;
the mass percentage content of the gravels in the soil is 1.24% -1.46%;
the pH value of the soil is 7.90-8.06;
the organic matter content of the soil is 24.81-31.11 g/kg;
the total nitrogen content of the soil is 0.44-0.74 g/kg;
the effective phosphorus content of the soil is 3.56-4.30 mg/kg;
the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is 110.68-144.16 mg/kg;
the conditions of the lower soil layer of the pile body of 30-60 cm comprise:
the volume weight of the soil is 0.85-1.75 g/cm3；
The mass water content of the soil is 16.04% -17.82%;
the mass percentage content of sand grains, particles and sticky grains in the soil is (2.60-3.1): (2.70-2.9): 1;
the mass percentage content of the gravels in the soil is 1.62% -2.98%;
the pH value of the soil is 8.02-8.04;
the organic matter content of the soil is 37.42-49.28 g/kg;
the total nitrogen content of the soil is 0.61-0.75 g/kg;
the effective phosphorus content of the soil is 4.97-5.87 mg/kg;
the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is 81.57-87.29 mg/kg;
soil layers of 0-30 cm are a main herbaceous nutrition supply layer and a secondary arbor and shrub nutrition supply layer, and are main grass root distribution areas and main arbor and shrub root systems as 'channels'; a soil layer of 30-60 cm is a main nutrition supply layer for trees and shrubs and a main root distribution area for the trees and shrubs;
herbaceous plants are also planted on the platform and the side slope in the step 2);
the herbaceous plants are artemisia capillaris, wheatgrass, elymus repens and alfalfa;
the planting proportion of the herbaceous plants comprises:
sunny or semi-sunny slope of the platform: the planting quantity proportion of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1: 1: 1.5: 1;
negative slope or semi-negative slope of the platform: the planting quantity proportion of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1: 1.5: 1: 1;
sunny slope or semi-sunny slope of side slope: the planting quantity ratio of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1.5: 1: 1.5: 1.5;
negative slope or semi-negative slope of side slope: the planting quantity ratio of the artemisia capillaris, the wheatgrass, the alfalfa and the elymus is 1.5: 1.5: 1: 1.5.
2. the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope of the side slope in step 1) is 21-30 °.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the height difference between the adjacent platforms is 20-40 m.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting distance between the locust tree and the Chinese pine is 1.8-2.2 m independently.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the caragana microphylla is planted at a distance of 1-1.4 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011443724.5A CN112567919B (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Ecological restoration method for open pit coal mine waste dump in loess hilly area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011443724.5A CN112567919B (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Ecological restoration method for open pit coal mine waste dump in loess hilly area |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112567919A CN112567919A (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| CN112567919B true CN112567919B (en) | 2021-11-23 |
Family
ID=75130822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011443724.5A Active CN112567919B (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Ecological restoration method for open pit coal mine waste dump in loess hilly area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112567919B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114720660A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 神华北电胜利能源有限公司 | Method for researching soil structure and function recovery rule in open coal mine refuse dump |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102392454A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-03-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Adverse-slope flat-plate treating and ecological restorative measure for refuse dump |
| CN102418346A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-04-18 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Mine dump horizontal flat plate remediation and ecological restoration method |
| CN105103843A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-02 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Vegetation configuration method for preventing water and soil loss of mine dump of dry-hot valley |
| CN105839649A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-10 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Ecological restoration method for metal mine waste storage yard |
| CN106034896A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-10-26 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Biological control method for soil erosion at steep slope gully of mountainous hilly region of Ili river valley |
| EP3305055A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-11 | Rauch Landmaschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for the even distribution of scattering material in places with different ground inclinations by means of a spreader and a spreader suitable for this |
| CN108374423A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-08-07 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Slope ecological recovery system and its implementation |
| CN110144912A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-20 | 湖南双晟科技信息咨询有限公司 | A kind of mine slope restorative procedure |
| CN110355174A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-22 | 广东安元矿业勘察设计有限公司 | The technological improvement of solid waste pyramid heap building technology |
| CN110637668A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-03 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Three-dimensional restoration structure and method for ionic rare earth abandoned mining area slope soil |
| CN111194661A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-26 | 承德市林业技术推广总站 | Multi-module afforestation method for arid sunny slope mountainous region |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103480643A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-01 | 南开大学 | Method for restoring cadmium/lead single or combined polluted soil by using hyperaccumulating flower emilia sonchifolia |
-
2020
- 2020-12-08 CN CN202011443724.5A patent/CN112567919B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102392454A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-03-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Adverse-slope flat-plate treating and ecological restorative measure for refuse dump |
| CN102418346A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-04-18 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Mine dump horizontal flat plate remediation and ecological restoration method |
| CN105103843A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-02 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Vegetation configuration method for preventing water and soil loss of mine dump of dry-hot valley |
| CN105839649A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-10 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Ecological restoration method for metal mine waste storage yard |
| CN106034896A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-10-26 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Biological control method for soil erosion at steep slope gully of mountainous hilly region of Ili river valley |
| EP3305055A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-11 | Rauch Landmaschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for the even distribution of scattering material in places with different ground inclinations by means of a spreader and a spreader suitable for this |
| CN108374423A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-08-07 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Slope ecological recovery system and its implementation |
| CN110144912A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-20 | 湖南双晟科技信息咨询有限公司 | A kind of mine slope restorative procedure |
| CN110355174A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-22 | 广东安元矿业勘察设计有限公司 | The technological improvement of solid waste pyramid heap building technology |
| CN110637668A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-03 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | Three-dimensional restoration structure and method for ionic rare earth abandoned mining area slope soil |
| CN111194661A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-26 | 承德市林业技术推广总站 | Multi-module afforestation method for arid sunny slope mountainous region |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 大型露天煤矿生态系统受损研究-以平朔露天煤矿;白中科;《生态学报》;19991130;第236-240页 * |
| 黄土区采煤排土场生态复垦工程实施成效分析;吕春娟;《水土保持通报》;20111231;第871-874页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112567919A (en) | 2021-03-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11591765B2 (en) | Structure and method for three-dimensional restoration of slope soil in abandoned ion-absorbed rare earth mining area | |
| Broome et al. | The relationship of mineral nutrients to growth of Spartina alterniflora in North Carolina: II. The effects of N, P, and Fe fertilizers | |
| CN104620838B (en) | Reservoir drawdown band method for recovering vegetation | |
| CN105103843B (en) | Prevent and treat the vegetation arrangement method of dry-hot valley Mine production soil erosion | |
| CN103636404B (en) | Method for conversing water and earth of high-altitude large-temperature difference drought and dry-hot valley high-abrupt slope waste slag body | |
| CN106818167A (en) | A kind of method for administering the discarded ground of khoai in-situ ionic rare earth leaching ore deposit | |
| CN103931371A (en) | Stone side slope biological control method | |
| CN1152177C (en) | Method for consolidating soil, protecting slope and planting vegetation on rock slope | |
| CN110710409B (en) | Vegetation recovery method for acid coal gangue dump | |
| CN108513849B (en) | Method for multi-hole layered consumption of solid waste for planting trees | |
| CN103416278A (en) | Method for culturing vegetation in Karst landform region | |
| CN1155371A (en) | Method for converting sea-silt into planation soil | |
| CN105532228A (en) | Water-saving planting method for sand-binding green plants | |
| CN107155790A (en) | A kind of method that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk | |
| CN107155791A (en) | A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing | |
| CN112567919B (en) | Ecological restoration method for open pit coal mine waste dump in loess hilly area | |
| CN108967063A (en) | A kind of high steep limestone slope replies immediately green method fastly | |
| CN108651179B (en) | Method for repairing severe stony desertification by using liana | |
| CN108301422A (en) | A kind of ecological restoration method for rocky slope | |
| CN110915348A (en) | Ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountains | |
| CN109005722B (en) | Comprehensive reclamation method for land reclamation of iron ore waste stone yard | |
| CN110313342A (en) | A method of xylophyta is planted for acid weathering coal gangue storage yard | |
| CN103039150A (en) | Efficient low-price rapid abandoned tailing vegetation restoration method | |
| CN113243155A (en) | Method for controlling water resource and nutrient element recycling in hilly and mountainous areas | |
| CN113016509A (en) | Ecological construction method for plateau meadow area |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |