CN112557421A - Device for calibrating residual stress calculation coefficient and application method thereof - Google Patents
Device for calibrating residual stress calculation coefficient and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112557421A CN112557421A CN202011345239.4A CN202011345239A CN112557421A CN 112557421 A CN112557421 A CN 112557421A CN 202011345239 A CN202011345239 A CN 202011345239A CN 112557421 A CN112557421 A CN 112557421A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for calibrating a residual stress calculation coefficient, which comprises a base, wherein a vertical U-shaped support is arranged at the top of the base, grooves are formed in two ends of the top of the support, support rollers perpendicular to the support are arranged in the grooves, the axes of the two support rollers are positioned in the same horizontal plane, and the distance between the two support rollers is larger than 100 mm. The invention also discloses an application method of the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient, which comprises the steps of processing a material to be tested into a beam sample, erecting the beam sample on two support rollers, applying symmetrical load on the beam sample, selecting a plurality of measuring points between two load applying positions, measuring the stress value at each measuring point, and calculating the statistical average value sigma of the stressμ,tStandard deviation St,tAnd theoretical stress value σc,tAccording to σμ,tAnd σc,tStress meter with gradual correction of differenceCalculating coefficients until the statistical mean σμ,t,iAnd σc,tAnd recording the final stress calculation coefficient and the standard deviation S when the standard deviation S has the minimum value, namely finishing the calibration of the residual stress calculation coefficient of the material to be tested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material analysis and test, and relates to a device for calibrating a residual stress calculation coefficient and an application method thereof.
Background
The X-ray method residual stress test is a nondestructive testing method with wide application. At present, an X-ray stress testing instrument gives a specific stress calculation coefficient to a typical material, but due to the change of alloy materials along with the variety and content of solid solution elements, the lattice constant and the elastic modulus of the alloy materials can be changed to a certain extent, the true residual stress calculation coefficient of the materials has deviation from the value given by the instrument, and if the residual stress is calculated by using the stress calculation coefficient given by the instrument, a testing error is inevitably existed. Therefore, calibration and calibration of stress calculation coefficients of an X-ray stress test instrument are necessary for the alloy material by means of other instruments.
In recent years, calibration and calibration of the residual stress calculation coefficient of the instrument by means of an electronic tensile tester have been carried out. During testing, a tensile sample is prepared first, the sample is stretched to a certain stress level and kept, at the moment, residual stress instrument measurement is carried out, instrument measurement values and stress values actually applied to the sample by the tensile testing machine are compared, and instrument residual stress calculation coefficients of the material are calibrated and calibrated. However, the electronic tensile testing machine is vertically placed in a normal state, and the residual stress calculation coefficient of the instrument using the electronic tensile testing machine for calibrating and calibrating materials needs to be horizontally placed for a long time, so that the electronic tensile testing machine is greatly damaged, the electronic tensile testing machine is complex in structure, large in occupied area and high in cost, and the electronic tensile testing machine is difficult to popularize because the electronic tensile testing machine is used for calibrating and calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient of the instrument.
Regarding the calibration and calibration method of the stress calculation coefficient of the X-ray stress testing instrument, two methods are commonly used at present, one method is to prepare a corresponding residual stress standard sample aiming at the material, and calibrate the instrument parameters (stress calculation coefficient) by means of the obtained standard sample, but the technical difficulty exists in preparing the standard sample, and the residual stress of the standard sample also has deviation, so the technical difficulty of the method is large, and the error is large. The other method is to prepare a beam sample aiming at the material, bend the beam by loading load by means of the cantilever beam principle, detect the bending stress of the beam, and calibrate the stress calculation coefficient of the material to be measured by comparing with a theoretical calculation value, but because the bending stress of the beam changes along with the position, the stress value measured by an X-ray method is essentially a comprehensive evaluation value at an X-ray irradiation spot, because the beam bends, the X-ray irradiation spot is actually an irregular ellipse, the residual stress value obtained by an instrument is not a simple average value, but the theoretical calculation of the comprehensive stress at the spot irradiation spot is very difficult, and various influence factors need to be considered. Therefore, from the viewpoint of information sources, the theoretical calculation is different from the actual measurement, and such systematic errors inevitably result in unavoidable errors in calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for calibrating a residual stress calculation coefficient, which solves the problems that the existing residual stress calculation coefficient calibration device is complex in structure and difficult to popularize and apply.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an application method of the device for calibrating residual stress calculation coefficients.
The device comprises a base, wherein a vertical U-shaped support is arranged at the top of the base, grooves are formed in two ends of the top of the support, support rollers perpendicular to the support are arranged in the grooves, and the axes of the two support rollers are located in the same horizontal plane.
The present invention is also technically characterized in that,
all be provided with the footing on four end angles of base bottom, footing and base threaded connection, the base top be provided with footing threaded connection's knob.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the application method of the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient comprises the following steps:
Step 6, judging the standard deviation St,tWhen standard deviation St,t>5%, increasing the number of test points, and repeating the step 5 until the standard deviation St,t≤5％；
Step 7, according to the statistical mean value sigmaμ,tAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tThe difference gradually corrects the stress calculation coefficient until the statistical average value sigma corresponding to different stress calculation coefficientsμ,t,iAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tAnd recording the final stress calculation coefficient and the standard deviation S when the standard deviation S has the minimum value, namely finishing the calibration of the residual stress calculation coefficient of the material to be tested.
In step 1, annealing the beam sample to eliminate additional residual stress caused by surface machining.
In the step 2, the beam sample is vertical to the support rollers, and the distance between the end faces of the two ends of the beam sample and the nearest support rollers is the same.
In the step 4, the number of the measuring points selected between the two load applying positions of the beam sample is not less than 9, the distance between every two adjacent measuring points is the same, and all the measuring points are located between the two support rollers.
And step 5, adopting a stress calculation coefficient as a preset value when measuring the stress value at each measuring point by using an X-ray residual stress testing instrument.
In step 5, if the calculation coefficient of the compressive stress is corrected, the theoretical stress value sigma at the measured pointc,t,iIs calculated asThe following:
wherein m represents a total mass of the one-side load, W represents a flexural section modulus, l represents a distance between the two branch rollers, g represents a gravity constant, and a represents a distance between a load application position and a midpoint of the two branch rollers;
if the calculated coefficient of the tensile stress is corrected, the theoretical stress value sigma at the measuring pointc,tThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in the formula, m represents the total mass of the one-side load, W represents the flexural modulus, g represents the gravity constant, and c represents the distance from the load application position to the nearest roll 4.
In step 7, the calculation formula of the standard deviation S is as follows:
wherein n represents the number of stress calculation coefficients adopted in the process of calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficients, and σ representsμ,t,iAnd the statistical average value of the testing stress corresponding to the ith stress calculation coefficient preset value is shown.
The device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient has the advantages that the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is assembled by the base, the U-shaped support and the two support rollers, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the occupied area is small, and the popularization and the application are convenient; the bottom of the base is provided with the bottom foot, and the top of the base is provided with the knob in threaded connection with the bottom foot, so that the height of the device can be conveniently adjusted according to actual needs; the residual stress calculation coefficient calibration device is used for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient of the material, the requirement on a calibration sample is low, the selectable stress calibration area is large, the system error is small, and the accuracy of the residual stress calculation coefficient is greatly improved, so that the accuracy of material residual stress measurement is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for calibrating a residual stress calculation coefficient according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for calibrating a residual stress calculation coefficient according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of an apparatus for calibrating a residual stress calculation coefficient according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a footing, 2 is a base, 3 is a bracket, 4 is a supporting roller, and 5 is a knob.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a device for calibrating residual stress calculation coefficients, which comprises a base 2, wherein a vertical U-shaped support 3 is arranged at the top of the base 2, grooves are formed in two ends of the top of the support 3, support rollers 4 perpendicular to the support 3 are arranged in the grooves, the axes of the two support rollers 4 are positioned in the same horizontal plane, footings 1 are arranged on four end corners of the bottom of the base 2, the footings 1 are in threaded connection with the base 2, a knob 5 in threaded connection with the footings 1 is arranged at the top of the base 2, and the height of the footings 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the knob 5, so that the height of the whole device is adjusted (see fig. 3).
The device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is adopted to calibrate the compressive stress calculation coefficient of the X-ray stress test instrument, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and 2, erecting the beam sample on the two support rollers 4 to ensure that the beam sample is perpendicular to the support rollers 4, wherein the distances between the end surfaces at the two ends of the beam sample and the support rollers 4 closest to the beam sample are both 20 mm.
wherein m represents a total mass of the one-side load, W represents a flexural section modulus, l represents a distance between the two branch rollers 4, g represents a gravity constant, and a represents a distance between a load application position and a midpoint of the two branch rollers 4;
the stress calculation coefficient adopted when the stress value at each measuring point is measured by an X-ray method residual stress test instrument is a preset value, if the material to be measured belongs to a novel material and has no similar existing material, the preset value of the stress calculation coefficient is randomly selected, and if the material to be measured is similar to the existing material, the stress calculation coefficient of the similar existing material is used as the preset value, so that the stress calculation coefficient of the material to be measured can be conveniently and quickly found;
step 6, judging the standard deviation St,tWhen standard deviation St,t>5%, increasing the number of test points, and repeating the step 5 until the standard deviation St,t≤5％；
Step 7, according to the statistical mean value sigmaμ,tAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tGradually correcting the stress calculation coefficient by the difference, namely gradually changing the stress calculation coefficient of the X-ray residual stress testing instrument (if the statistical average value is larger than the theoretical calculation value, the stress coefficient of the instrument is reduced, and if the statistical average value is smaller than the theoretical stress value, the stress coefficient of the instrument is increased) until the statistical average values sigma corresponding to different stress calculation coefficientsμ,t,iAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tThe standard deviation S of (a) appears to be the smallest value,recording the final stress calculation coefficient and the standard deviation S, namely completing the calibration of the residual stress calculation coefficient of the material to be tested, wherein the final stress calculation coefficient is the stress calculation coefficient of the material to be tested,
wherein n represents the number of stress calculation coefficients adopted in the process of calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficients, and σ representsμ,t,iAnd the statistical average value of the testing stress corresponding to the ith stress calculation coefficient preset value is shown.
The device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is adopted to calibrate the tensile stress calculation coefficient of the X-ray stress testing instrument, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein m represents the total mass of the one-side load, W represents the flexural section modulus, g represents the gravity constant, and c represents the distance from the load application position to the nearest roll 4;
the stress calculation coefficient adopted when the stress value at each measuring point is measured by an X-ray method residual stress test instrument is a preset value, if the material to be measured belongs to a novel material and has no similar existing material, the preset value of the stress calculation coefficient is randomly selected, and if the material to be measured is similar to the existing material, the stress calculation coefficient of the similar existing material is used as the preset value, so that the stress calculation coefficient of the material to be measured can be conveniently and quickly found;
step 6, judging the standard deviation St,tWhen standard deviation St,t>5%, increasing the number of test points, and repeating the step 5 until the standard deviation St,t≤5％；
Step 7, according to the statistical mean value sigmaμ,tAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tGradually correcting the stress calculation coefficient by the difference (if the statistical average is larger than the theoretical calculation value, the stress coefficient of the instrument is reduced, if the statistical average is smaller than the theoretical stress value, the stress coefficient of the instrument is increased) until the statistical average sigma corresponding to different stress calculation coefficientsμ,t,iAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tThe standard deviation S of the stress to be measured is the minimum value, the final stress calculation coefficient and the standard deviation S are recorded, namely the calibration of the residual stress calculation coefficient of the material to be measured is completed, the final stress calculation coefficient is the stress calculation coefficient of the material to be measured, wherein,
wherein n represents the number of stress calculation coefficients adopted in the process of calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficients, and σ representsμ,t,iAnd the statistical average value of the testing stress corresponding to the ith stress calculation coefficient preset value is shown.
Claims (9)
1. The device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is characterized by comprising a base (2), wherein a vertical U-shaped support (3) is arranged at the top of the base (2), grooves are formed in two ends of the top of the support (3), support rollers (4) perpendicular to the support (3) are arranged in the grooves, and the axes of the two support rollers (4) are located in the same horizontal plane.
2. The device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is characterized in that feet (1) are arranged on four corners of the bottom of the base (2), the feet (1) are in threaded connection with the base (2), and a knob (5) in threaded connection with the feet (1) is arranged on the top of the base (2).
3. An application method of a device for calibrating residual stress calculation coefficients is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, processing a material to be tested into a uniform beam sample with a regular rectangular cross section, and eliminating additional residual stress caused by surface machining;
step 2, erecting a beam sample on two support rollers (4);
step 3, if the compressive stress calculation coefficient is corrected, applying a symmetrical weight load on the beam sample between the two support rollers (4), wherein the distance between the two load application positions is more than 50 mm; if the tensile stress calculation coefficient is corrected, the same weight load is applied to the two end parts of the beam sample;
step 4, selecting a plurality of measuring points between two load applying positions of the beam sample, wherein all the measuring points are positioned on the axis of the beam sample;
step 5, measuring the stress values of the measuring points by using an X-ray residual stress testing instrument, and calculating the statistical average value sigma of the stress values at the measuring pointsμ,tAnd standard deviation St,tThen calculating the theoretical stress value sigma at the measuring pointc,t；
Step 6, judging the standard deviation St,tWhen standard deviation St,t>5%, increasing the number of test points, and repeating the step 5 until the standard deviation St,t≤5％；
Step 7, according to the statistical mean value sigmaμ,tAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tThe difference gradually corrects the stress calculation coefficient until the statistical average value sigma corresponding to different stress calculation coefficientsμ,t,iAnd theoretical stress value sigmac,tAnd recording the final stress calculation coefficient and the standard deviation S when the standard deviation S has the minimum value, namely finishing the calibration of the residual stress calculation coefficient of the material to be tested.
4. The method for applying the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1, the beam sample is annealed to eliminate the additional residual stress caused by surface machining.
5. The application method of the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is characterized in that in the step 2, the beam sample is perpendicular to the support rollers (4), and the end faces of the two ends of the beam sample are the same distance from the nearest support rollers (4).
6. The application method of the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient is characterized in that in the step 4, the number of the measuring points selected between two load application positions of the beam sample is not less than 9, the intervals between the adjacent measuring points are the same, and all the measuring points are positioned between the two support rollers (4).
7. The method for applying the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient according to claim 3, wherein in the step 5, the stress calculation coefficient used when the stress value at each measuring point is measured by using an X-ray residual stress testing instrument is a preset value.
8. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 5, if the compressive stress calculation coefficient is corrected, the theoretical stress value σ at the measuring point is determinedc,t,iThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein m represents a total mass of the one-side load, W represents a flexural section modulus, l represents a distance between the two branch rollers (4), g represents a gravity constant, and a represents a distance between a load application position and a midpoint of the two branch rollers (4);
if the calculated coefficient of the tensile stress is corrected, the theoretical stress value sigma at the measuring pointc,tThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein m represents the total mass of the one-side load, W represents the flexural modulus, g represents the gravity constant, and c represents the distance from the load application position to the nearest roll (4).
9. The method for applying the device for calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficient according to claim 3, wherein in the step 7, the calculation formula of the standard deviation S is as follows:
wherein n represents the number of stress calculation coefficients adopted in the process of calibrating the residual stress calculation coefficients, and σ representsμ,t,iAnd the statistical average value of the testing stress corresponding to the ith stress calculation coefficient preset value is shown.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115031893A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Calibration method for detecting residual stress field based on magnetic anisotropy |
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| CN104792807A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-22 | 江苏法尔胜材料分析测试有限公司 | Clamping device for X-ray residual stress detection of thin steel wire |
| CN108375438A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-08-07 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of XRD residual stress measurements parameter calibration device and method |
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| US4686631A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1987-08-11 | Ruud Clayton O | Method for determining internal stresses in polycrystalline solids |
| CN102778385A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2012-11-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Welding residual stress measurement method |
| CN103616129A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-05 | 北京理工大学 | Automatic calibration method for tension and compression residual stress ultrasonic detection system |
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