CN112555840B - Plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging - Google Patents
Plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112555840B CN112555840B CN202010704550.7A CN202010704550A CN112555840B CN 112555840 B CN112555840 B CN 112555840B CN 202010704550 A CN202010704550 A CN 202010704550A CN 112555840 B CN112555840 B CN 112555840B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
Abstract
The invention discloses a plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging, which comprises a furnace body and a slag collecting tank, wherein one end of the furnace body is provided with a turbulent plasma generator, the other end of the furnace body is provided with a laminar plasma generator, the top of the furnace body above the laminar plasma generator is provided with a hearth communicated with the laminar plasma generator, preheated waste enters the furnace body after being cracked by the turbulent plasma generator, cracked gas carries partial uncracked residues and is decomposed at a plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator, all cracked gas enters the hearth, and slag generated after twice cracking sinks to the bottom of the furnace body; the slag collecting tank is connected with a slag discharge port at the bottom of the furnace body through a slag collecting pipe and is connected with the hearth through a gas phase balance pipe. The invention utilizes the characteristic of the plasma generator to decompose the residual liquid, the cracking speed is fast and thorough, and no dioxin is generated, and the salt and the metal oxide in the residual liquid can be continuously and timely discharged into the slag collecting tank in the form of slag by matching with the inclined plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of residual liquid treatment, in particular to a plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging.
Background
With the development of social economy and modern industry, the increasing treatment of various wastes becomes an environmental protection problem which must be faced by each country, and the treatment of hazardous wastes which are toxic and harmful becomes a big problem which is painful for governments of each country and is also a difficult problem which is related to the development of human beings and the ecological environment.
The most difficult to treat in the wastes is the organic residual liquid with high salt content and high concentration generated in the chemical production and the synthesis process of medical intermediates. These raffinates have a high organic content and a high calorific value; the toxicity is high, and the environmental pollution is serious; difficult degradation, and difficult treatment by the conventional method; complex components, great difficulty in harmlessness and the like.
Conventional physical treatment, chemical treatment, physical chemical treatment, biological treatment and the like are difficult to treat and can be treated only by incineration.
Since 60 s of the last century, advanced countries such as western europe and japan generally adopt incineration to treat these wastes, and in recent years, China has started to introduce and produce incineration facilities. Incineration can make the volume of waste smaller, but the generation of dioxin has been the focus of much attention. The international environmental protection agency has published reports of incinerator and human health, and has made further special studies on the relationship between dioxin and incinerator. Reports suggest that in the early 80 to 90 s, incinerators have become the main source of dioxin emission, and are estimated to account for about 40-80% of the total amount of dioxin emission in each industry, and actual numbers may be higher due to loopholes in recording and statistical methods.
Meanwhile, the traditional incineration process uses open fire to incinerate the salt-containing residual liquid, because the flame temperature is about 1000 ℃, inorganic salt in the waste water is molten, and the temperature of molten salt is reduced at a salt discharge port and then is solidified, so that a salt discharge pipeline is blocked and stable salt discharge is difficult.
In order to solve the problems, the plasma cracking device for the high-salt and high-concentration organic raffinate of the company is applied to (application number: 201910905066.8), the device can ensure that the raffinate is cracked fully and can also continuously and stably discharge salt, but most of cracked gas directly enters a hearth after the raffinate is cracked for the first time in the device, the heat of the cracked gas is not fully utilized to heat molten salt, a torch of a second plasma cracking generator for auxiliary heating is short, and two liquid sealing baffles are arranged for liquid sealing, so that the heating effect of the molten salt at the bottommost part of the hearth is not ideal, and the salt can be continuously discharged through a salt discharge port, but the molten salt at the bottommost part is not discharged easily.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a plasma cracking device which is environment-friendly, does not generate dioxin, can continuously and timely discharge molten slag and can melt and discharge slag, and comprises a furnace body 1 and a molten slag collecting tank 4, one end of the furnace body 1 is provided with a turbulent plasma generator 2, the other end is provided with a laminar plasma generator 3, and the turbulent plasma generator 2 is arranged obliquely downwards, the laminar plasma generator 3 is arranged horizontally, the top of the furnace body 1 above the laminar plasma generator 3 is provided with a hearth 5 communicated with the laminar plasma generator, preheated waste enters the furnace body 1 after being cracked by the turbulent plasma generator 2, cracking gas carries part of uncracked residues to be decomposed again at a plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator 3, all cracking gases enter a hearth 5, and inorganic salt, metal oxide and the like generated after twice cracking and recombination are used as slag to sink to the bottom of the furnace body; the slag collecting tank 4 is connected with a slag discharging port at the bottom of the furnace body through a slag collecting pipe, is connected with the hearth 5 through a gas phase balance pipe, and enables the slag collecting tank and the furnace body to be gas-liquid balanced through the gas phase balance pipe, thereby ensuring that the slag collecting pipe can smoothly discharge slag. The slag collecting tank is made of a nano heat-insulating material, so that the heat loss of the slag tank is small, and a slag discharge pipe cannot be blocked due to heat dissipation.
Preferably, an inclined plate 6 is further provided downward at the top in the furnace body 1, the inclined plate is close to the turbulent plasma generator 2, the lower end of the inclined plate is inclined towards the laminar plasma generator 3, the lower end of the turbulent plasma generator is inclined towards the inside of the furnace body, so that the high-temperature pyrolysis gas discharged from the turbulent plasma generator can keep the slag in the furnace body at a high temperature at the side, meanwhile, the flue gas rises, and the inclined plate is provided, so that the pyrolysis gas cannot directly rise into the hearth, initially accumulates at the side of the air inlet in the furnace body, and flows towards the laminar plasma generator side along the inclined plate along with the gradual increase of the pyrolysis gas, and the flow channel is in a V shape. And because the plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator directly sprays the plasma torch into the furnace body, the cracked gas can be fully contacted with the plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator under the action of the inclined plate, so that the cracking is more thorough. And the slag close to one side of the laminar plasma generator keeps high temperature under the action of a plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator, and the slag in the middle section in the furnace body is fully contacted with high-temperature pyrolysis gas all the time under the action of the inclined plate, so that the slag at the bottom of the whole furnace body can be ensured not to be cooled and solidified under the action of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas of the V-shaped flow channel.
Preferably, a temperature sensor is further arranged at the slag discharging outlet, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of slag at the slag discharging outlet, setting a threshold value according to the properties and the softening point of the slag, generally setting the threshold value between 1500 ℃ and 2000 ℃, and regulating the power of the laminar flow plasma generator plasma gun to be reduced/increased when the detected temperature is higher/lower than the threshold value.
Preferably, the temperature of the lower end close to the furnace body in the hearth is about 1500 ℃, the temperature of the exhaust port at the top is about 1100 ℃, the exhaust port of the hearth 5 is sequentially connected with an air waste heat recoverer 7 and a residual liquid waste heat recoverer 8, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is reduced to about 600 ℃ after the waste heat is recovered by the two waste heat recoverers, and then the pyrolysis gas sequentially enters a quenching tower 9 to be quenched to about 50 ℃ so as to avoid generation of dioxin, absorption of acid gas by a water washing tower 10, and neutralization by an alkaline washing tower 11 and then is discharged from a chimney 12;
in the air waste heat recoverer 7, the introduced air exchanges heat with the pyrolysis gas, and the air is preheated to about 300 ℃ and then is supplemented into the furnace body 1; in the residual liquid waste heat recoverer 8, the introduced residual liquid to be cracked exchanges heat with cracked gas, and the residual liquid is preheated to about 300 ℃ and then introduced into the turbulent plasma generator 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the characteristics of the turbulent plasma generator and the laminar plasma generator to decompose the residual liquid, the cracking speed is high and thorough, no dioxin is generated, and the salt and the metal oxide in the residual liquid can be continuously and timely discharged into the slag collecting tank in the form of slag by matching with the inclined plate.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging as shown in fig. 1 comprises a furnace body 1 and a slag collection tank 4, wherein one end of the furnace body 1 is provided with a turbulent plasma generator 2, the other end of the furnace body is provided with a laminar plasma generator 3, the turbulent plasma generator 2 is arranged in a downward inclined manner, the laminar plasma generator 3 is horizontally arranged, a hearth 5 communicated with the turbulent plasma generator 3 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1 above the laminar plasma generator 3, preheated waste enters the furnace body 1 after being cracked by the turbulent plasma generator 2, cracked gas carries part of uncracked residues to be decomposed at a plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator 3, all cracked gas enters the hearth 5, and inorganic salts, metal oxides and the like generated after twice cracking and recombination are deposited to the bottom of the furnace body as slag; the slag collecting tank 4 is connected with a slag discharging port at the bottom of the furnace body through a slag collecting pipe, is connected with the hearth 5 through a gas phase balance pipe, and enables the slag collecting tank and the furnace body to be gas-liquid balanced through the gas phase balance pipe, thereby ensuring that the slag collecting pipe can smoothly discharge slag. The slag collecting tank is made of a nano heat-insulating material, so that the heat loss of the slag tank is small, and a slag discharge pipe cannot be blocked due to heat dissipation. And a temperature sensor is also arranged at the slag outlet and used for detecting the temperature of slag at the slag outlet, setting a threshold value according to the property and the softening point of the slag, generally between 1500 ℃ and 2000 ℃, and regulating the power of the plasma gun of the laminar flow plasma generator to be reduced/increased when the detected temperature is higher/lower than the threshold value.
The temperature of the lower end close to the furnace body in the hearth is about 1500 ℃, the temperature of a top exhaust port is about 1100 ℃, the exhaust port of the hearth 5 is sequentially connected with an air waste heat recoverer 7 and a residual liquid waste heat recoverer 8, the temperature of pyrolysis gas is reduced to about 600 ℃ after waste heat is recovered by the two waste heat recoverers, and then the pyrolysis gas sequentially enters a quench tower 9 to be quenched to about 50 ℃ so as to avoid generation of dioxin, absorption of acid gas by a water washing tower 10, and discharge of the pyrolysis gas from a chimney 12 after neutralization by an alkaline washing tower 11; in the air waste heat recoverer 7, the introduced air exchanges heat with the pyrolysis gas, and the air is preheated to about 300 ℃ and then is supplemented into the furnace body 1; in the residual liquid waste heat recoverer 8, the introduced residual liquid to be cracked exchanges heat with cracked gas, and the residual liquid is preheated to about 300 ℃ and then introduced into the turbulent plasma generator 2.
The top in the furnace body 1 is also provided with an inclined plate 6 downwards, the inclined plate is close to the turbulent plasma generator 2, the lower end of the inclined plate inclines towards the laminar plasma generator 3, the lower end of the turbulent plasma generator inclines towards the inside of the furnace body, so that high-temperature pyrolysis gas discharged from the turbulent plasma generator can keep the slag in the furnace body at the side at a high temperature, meanwhile, flue gas rises, and due to the arrangement of the inclined plate, the pyrolysis gas cannot directly rise into the hearth, the gas can be accumulated at one side of the air inlet in the furnace body initially, and flows along the inclined plate towards one side of the laminar plasma generator after the pyrolysis gas is gradually increased, and a flow channel is in a V shape. And because the plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator directly sprays the plasma torch into the furnace body, the cracked gas can be fully contacted with the plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator under the action of the inclined plate, so that the cracking is more thorough. And the slag close to one side of the laminar plasma generator keeps high temperature under the action of a plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator, and the slag in the middle section in the furnace body is fully contacted with high-temperature pyrolysis gas all the time under the action of the inclined plate, so that the slag at the bottom of the whole furnace body can be ensured not to be cooled and solidified under the action of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas of the V-shaped flow channel.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of short and thick torch of a plasma gun in a turbulent plasma generator, large contact area and sufficient contact between waste and the torch and can realize sufficient cracking, and the characteristics of thin and long torch and long radiation distance of the plasma gun in a laminar plasma generator, the turbulent plasma generator is obliquely arranged and the laminar plasma generator is horizontally arranged, an electric arc generated by thermal plasma discharge has high temperature of 5000 plus 10000 ℃, the electric arc generates radiation heat, convection heat and heat transfer caused by electrons, almost all chemical substances in residual liquid can be completely decomposed within 0.01-0.05 second at the temperature, the cracking speed is high and thorough, and no dioxin is generated. And the inclined plate is matched, so that a large amount of high-temperature pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the turbulent plasma generator can keep the temperature of the slag in the process of flowing to the laminar plasma generator, and the laminar plasma generator can be used for reheating a slag discharge port in the process of decomposing trace residues in the pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the slag at the bottom of the whole furnace body can be always kept in a molten flowing state and is discharged from the slag discharge port. And because the slag collecting tank for collecting the slag is connected with the slag discharging port at the bottom of the furnace body through the slag collecting pipe and is connected with the hearth through the gas phase balance pipe, the salt and the metal oxide in the residual liquid can be continuously and timely discharged into the slag collecting tank in a slag form, and the condition that the slag at the bottom is difficult to discharge can be avoided.
In light of the foregoing, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a plasma cracker of sediment is arranged in melting, characterized by: the device is used for treating the organic residual liquid with high salt content and high concentration and comprises a furnace body (1) and a slag collecting tank (4), wherein a turbulent plasma generator (2) is arranged at one end of the furnace body (1), a laminar plasma generator (3) is arranged at the other end of the furnace body (1), the turbulent plasma generator (2) is arranged in a downward inclined mode, the laminar plasma generator (3) is horizontally arranged, a hearth (5) communicated with the turbulent plasma generator (3) is arranged at the top of the furnace body (1) above the laminar plasma generator (3), preheated waste enters the furnace body (1) after being cracked by the turbulent plasma generator (2), cracking gas carries part of uncracked residues to be decomposed at a plasma torch of the laminar plasma generator (3), all the cracking gas enters the hearth (5), and slag generated after twice cracking is deposited to the bottom of the furnace body; the slag collecting tank (4) is connected with a slag discharging port at the bottom of the furnace body through a slag collecting pipe and is connected with the hearth (5) through a gas phase balance pipe, and salt and metal oxide in residual liquid can be continuously and timely discharged into the slag collecting tank in a slag form;
the top in furnace body (1) still is equipped with a swash plate (6) downwards, and the swash plate is close to torrent plasma generator (2) and the lower extreme inclines towards laminar flow plasma generator (3), and the flow path of pyrolysis gas is the V-arrangement, and under the effect of swash plate, pyrolysis gas fully contacts with laminar flow plasma generator's plasma torch, and the slag of the internal interlude of furnace fully contacts with high temperature pyrolysis gas all the time under the effect of swash plate simultaneously.
2. The plasma pyrolysis apparatus capable of melting and slagging of claim 1, wherein: and a temperature sensor is also arranged at the slag outlet and used for detecting the temperature of slag at the slag outlet, setting a threshold value according to the property and the softening point of the slag and regulating the power of the plasma gun of the laminar flow plasma generator to be reduced/increased when the detected temperature is higher/lower than the threshold value.
3. The plasma pyrolysis apparatus capable of melting and slagging of claim 1, wherein: an exhaust port of the hearth (5) is sequentially connected with an air waste heat recoverer (7) and a residual liquid waste heat recoverer (8), and pyrolysis gas is subjected to waste heat recovery by the two waste heat recoverers, then the temperature is reduced, and the pyrolysis gas sequentially enters a quench tower (9), a water washing tower (10) and an alkaline washing tower (11) and then is discharged from a chimney (12);
in the air waste heat recoverer (7), the introduced air exchanges heat with the pyrolysis gas, and the preheated air is supplemented into the furnace body (1); in the residual liquid waste heat recoverer (8), the introduced residual liquid to be cracked exchanges heat with cracked gas, and the residual liquid is preheated and then introduced into a turbulent plasma generator (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010704550.7A CN112555840B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging |
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| CN202010704550.7A CN112555840B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Plasma cracking device capable of melting and deslagging |
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| CN112555840B true CN112555840B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2660329Y (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2004-12-01 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Integrated plasma multistage, cracking furnace for simutaneously treating multiple kinds of organic refuse |
| CN201218507Y (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-04-08 | 周开根 | Plasma and calcium oxide cooperation-gasified rubbish biomass gasification equipment |
| CN201530806U (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-07-21 | 武汉凯迪控股投资有限公司 | Dual-cavity biomass gasification furnace |
| CN110496357A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-26 | 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 | The plasma cracking device of high saliferous, high concentration organic raffinat |
| CN110551408A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-10 | 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon black by plasma cracking of paranitrobenzoyl chloride residual liquid |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6021678B2 (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1985-05-29 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | pyrolysis equipment |
| JP2016175028A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Volatile organic compound treatment apparatus |
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2020
- 2020-07-21 CN CN202010704550.7A patent/CN112555840B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2660329Y (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2004-12-01 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Integrated plasma multistage, cracking furnace for simutaneously treating multiple kinds of organic refuse |
| CN201218507Y (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-04-08 | 周开根 | Plasma and calcium oxide cooperation-gasified rubbish biomass gasification equipment |
| CN201530806U (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-07-21 | 武汉凯迪控股投资有限公司 | Dual-cavity biomass gasification furnace |
| CN110496357A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-26 | 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 | The plasma cracking device of high saliferous, high concentration organic raffinat |
| CN110551408A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-10 | 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon black by plasma cracking of paranitrobenzoyl chloride residual liquid |
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