CN112553933A - Multi-section straw fiber slurry extraction method - Google Patents
Multi-section straw fiber slurry extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112553933A CN112553933A CN202011405339.1A CN202011405339A CN112553933A CN 112553933 A CN112553933 A CN 112553933A CN 202011405339 A CN202011405339 A CN 202011405339A CN 112553933 A CN112553933 A CN 112553933A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
- D21B1/06—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting multi-section straw fiber slurry, which comprises the following steps: s1, cutting the straws into chopped straws; s2, screening the forage to remove dust; s3, washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating; s4, conveying the dewatered forage to a first-stage rubbing machine for extruding and rubbing to separate partial straw skins and fiber bundles, and simultaneously separating organic matters out and collecting the organic matters through organic liquid; s5, adding biological enzyme into the coarse fiber forage subjected to the first-stage kneading, feeding the coarse fiber forage into a crushing spiral reaction conveyor to crush and buffer the coarse fiber forage, and further decomposing lignin by using the biological enzyme by using the waste heat generated by the kneading machine; and S6, feeding the coarse fiber bundle which is fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage kneading machine for extruding and kneading, and removing and separating organic matters for the second time to obtain fiber slurry. The extraction method has the advantages of low water consumption, low energy consumption, no chemical pollution, suitability for popularization and application, and capability of realizing clean production and recycling of agricultural resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of straw organic matter treatment, and relates to a multi-section straw fiber slurry extraction method.
Background
The crop straw is a widely existing waste biomass resource and has great utilization value. China is a big agricultural country, a large amount of crop waste straws are produced every year, but the utilization efficiency of the straws is very low, most of the straws are directly burned, and serious environmental pollution and resource waste are caused. In recent years, the smashing and returning to the field are encouraged, but the application will of returning the straws to the field is further influenced because the straw fibers are not easy to decompose and influence the crop yield. If the straws can be collected in advance, organic matters and cellulose are effectively separated in advance through proper treatment, the organic matters of the straws are returned to the field for use without influencing the acre yield of crops, another effective treatment pipeline can be established for straw treatment, meanwhile, the use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural land can be gradually reduced, the clean production and the cyclic utilization of agricultural resources are realized, the healthy development of ecological agriculture construction is promoted, and the ecological environment benefit, the social benefit and the economic benefit are obvious.
In order to effectively utilize straw waste in the aspects of 'fertilizer production and raw material synchronization application', the problem of environmental pollution caused by the traditional chemical pulping mode with large occupied area, long consumed time and high water and energy consumption of the traditional pulping and papermaking process needs to be solved, and the straw waste can be widely popularized.
Compared with woody plants, the crop straws without wood fibers have more and complex skin tissues and fiber components, the content of lignin and derivatives thereof can reach more than 30 percent, and the crop straws with the non-wood fibers have thick skin tissues and hard skin tissues which are not easy to decompose, so the problem that the straws are not easy to differentiate is generally faced when the crop straws are composted or returned to the field. The traditional treatment generally adopts high-rotating-speed disc type or conical pulping one-stage treatment, which can easily cause the crushing and non-fibrillation of pulp (the fine fiber below 200mesh is more than 50 percent) to seriously affect the final fiber quality, and the excessive pulp residue causes low yield and large loss of the later-stage process when in use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method which has low water consumption, low energy consumption and no chemical pollution and is suitable for popularization and application, can realize clean production and cyclic utilization of agricultural resources, and is more suitable for full-cycle application of nonwoody plant raw materials.
Compared with woody plants, the non-woody fiber crop straws have high silicon content and ash content of epidermal tissues, more and complex non-fiber components such as hybrid cells and the like, and high content of lignin and derivatives thereof, and the lignin and the derivatives thereof can be partially and properly removed by a two-stage kneading machine in the pulping process treatment, so that better fibers can be obtained, and the recycling of organic matter materials in the process can be promoted; excessive removal not only consumes electricity and energy, but also relatively fails to yield optimal fibers.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a multi-section straw fiber slurry extraction method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the straws into chopped straws;
s2, screening the forage to remove dust;
s3, washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating;
s4, conveying the dewatered forage to a first-stage rubbing machine for extruding and rubbing, separating organic matters to separate partial straw skins and fiber bundles, and simultaneously removing the organic matters to collect the organic matters through organic liquid;
s5, adding biological enzyme into the coarse fiber forage subjected to the first-stage kneading, feeding the coarse fiber forage into a crushing spiral reaction conveyor to crush and buffer the coarse fiber forage, and further decomposing lignin by using the biological enzyme by using the waste heat generated by the kneading machine;
and S6, feeding the coarse fiber bundle which is fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage kneading machine for extruding and kneading, and removing and separating organic matters for the second time to obtain fiber slurry.
Preferably, the first-stage rubbing machine and the second-stage rubbing machine respectively comprise a plurality of sections of rubbing areas which are sequentially connected in series along the feeding direction, and the plurality of sections of rubbing areas which are sequentially connected in series along the feeding direction in the two sections of rubbing machines form the progressive rubbing of the forage.
Furthermore, any one section of kneading area comprises a positive pressure spiral area and a back pressure spiral area, the opening rate of the back pressure spiral sheet in the two adjacent sections of kneading areas is sequentially reduced along the feeding direction, the positive pressure spiral sheet and the back pressure spiral sheet are respectively arranged on the rotating shafts corresponding to the positive pressure spiral area and the back pressure spiral area, and the feeding directions of the positive pressure spiral sheet and the back pressure spiral sheet are opposite;
the back pressure spiral sheets are provided with openings, and the total opening rate of the multi-section back pressure spiral sheets in the multi-section kneading area in the first-stage kneading machine is not lower than that of the multi-section back pressure spiral sheets in the multi-section kneading area in the second-stage kneading machine.
Further, the back pressure spiral sheet extends in an inclined spiral shape along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the back pressure spiral sheet is provided with a plurality of stages of back pressure spiral sections at intervals of a thread pitch C along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and a plurality of openings are formed in any one stage of back pressure spiral section.
Furthermore, the opening rate of each section of back pressure spiral sheet in each section of kneading area in the first-stage kneading machine is controlled to be 35-20%, and the opening rate of each section of back pressure spiral sheet is reduced along the feeding direction in sequence.
Furthermore, the opening rate of each section of back pressure spiral sheet in each section of kneading area in the second-stage kneading machine is controlled to be 25% -10%, and the opening rate of each section of back pressure spiral sheet is reduced along the feeding direction in sequence.
Furthermore, the kneading area is set to be 2-4 sections.
Further, the back pressure spiral sheet is arranged in an inclined spiral extension along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.
Furthermore, the opening on the back pressure spiral sheet is obliquely arranged, and the inclination direction of the opening relative to the rotating shaft is opposite to the inclination direction of the back pressure spiral sheet relative to the rotating shaft.
Further, the cross section of the opening is U-shaped.
Further, the positive pressure spiral piece extends along the ring direction of the rotating shaft and in a spiral shape perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
Preferably, in step S4, the waste heat generated by the first-stage kneading machine is 50-70 ℃ to further decompose the lignin by the biological enzyme for 20-40 min.
Preferably, the beating degree of the obtained fiber pulp is 10-20 DEG SR, and the fiber pulp is applied to papermaking.
The invention can bring the following beneficial effects:
1) the straw organic matter after the first-stage kneading extrusion and the biological enzyme reaction is separated and collected after the second-stage kneading extrusion, waste heat is naturally generated in the first-stage mechanical kneading process of the straw, the fiber is convenient to soften, and then the biological enzyme is added, so that the biological enzyme reaction can be accelerated, the effect of the biological enzyme is not influenced, the decomposition of partial cellulose and lignin in straw liquid is accelerated, the separation of the organic matter is carried out, and the energy consumption is effectively reduced. In addition, the medium-temperature waste heat generated in the kneading process cannot influence the hundred-property activity of the biological enzyme protein due to high temperature, and compared with the traditional process of separating lignin by steaming and heating, the method greatly reduces the steam consumption.
2) The feeding directions of the positive pressure spiral sheet and the back pressure spiral sheet in the two-stage kneading machine are opposite, so that straw chopped materials are fully extruded and kneaded between the two sections, a multi-section combined kneading area is adopted in the first-stage kneading machine, the straw chopped materials are progressively extruded and kneaded, the separation of the skin and fiber bundles is promoted, the opening rate of the back pressure spiral area in the first-stage kneading machine is controlled to be higher, only skin breaking is carried out on the straw chopped materials, the fiber breakage or breakage is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the reaction of rear-stage bio-enzyme and the straw is accelerated by using waste heat, organic liquid is led out and collected uniformly, and fiber pulp is sent out from an opening at the tail end of the back pressure spiral sheet to enter the second-stage kneading machine; the second-stage kneading machine also adopts a multi-section combined kneading area to gradually extrude and knead the forage again, the separation of organic matters and fibers is promoted for the second time, the opening rate of a back pressure spiral area in the second-stage kneading machine is controlled to be relatively low, lignin, hemicellulose, impurities and the like are further moderately kneaded and separated, organic liquid is collected, and the obtained fibers have high quality and can be used as raw materials of papermaking or paper products. Therefore, the progressive separation treatment of the straws is realized, the separation efficiency is effectively improved step by step, the quality and the yield of the obtained fiber are improved, and the fine slag in the organic liquid is reduced.
3) The invention can further separate the extruded straw blocks by using the crushing screw conveying, the added biological enzyme can assist in accelerating the dispersion, and the reaction effect is better by adding the waste heat generated after the extrusion and the proper reaction time; meanwhile, the crushing screw conveyor is different from the traditional heating reactor, semi-dissociation raw materials can not be caked, and the metering and conveying of the back-end process are smooth.
4) The invention separates the unqualified forage and dust which are too fine aiming at the forage, and can greatly improve the quality of the fiber obtained by the subsequent process.
In conclusion, the invention does not use chemical and redundant steam input, and the water consumption is small; the obtained organic matter as liquid fertilizer has no chemical pollution and can be fully applied to the field or greenhouse planting, and the obtained fiber can replace fiber raw materials for papermaking. Therefore, the process idea of combining organic matter separation and fiber extraction is realized, the technical defects that the traditional transition slurry is used for breaking the fiber blank at high speed, and the water treatment is difficult due to excessive fine slag existing in a water system, so that the investment cost is further increased can be overcome, the effects of low water consumption, low energy consumption and no chemical pollution are achieved, and the method is more suitable for the full-cycle application of nonwoody plant raw materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a positive pressure spiral zone and a negative pressure spiral zone in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back-pressure spiral zone in another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a side view of a back-pressure spiral zone under yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, and in the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present application are set forth. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. This application is capable of embodiments in many different forms than those described herein and those skilled in the art will be able to make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the application and it is therefore not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
For the sake of simplicity, the drawings only schematically show the parts relevant to the present invention, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product.
Further, in the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two segments, two, e.g., two segments, three segments, two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the multi-section straw organic matter extraction method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting grass: cutting the straws into chopped grass;
s2, dust collection and air separation: screening the forage to remove dust;
s3, washing grass, infiltrating and dehydrating: washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating;
s4, kneading and extruding a section of organic matter: the dewatered forage is sent to a first-stage rubbing machine for extrusion and rubbing, organic matters (including lignin, partial hemicellulose, impurities and the like) are separated, partial straw skins and fiber bundles are separated, and the organic matters are separated out and collected by organic liquid;
s5, spiral crushing reaction conveying: adding biological enzyme into the coarse fiber forage subjected to the first-stage kneading, wherein the adding ratio of the biological enzyme to the coarse fiber forage is controlled to be 1-2 kg/ton, then feeding the coarse fiber forage into a crushing spiral reaction conveyor for crushing and buffering the coarse fiber forage, and further decomposing lignin by the biological enzyme within an effective time of 20-40min by utilizing waste heat generated by a kneading machine; meanwhile, the crushing screw conveying can further separate the straws to prevent the straws from being blocked, so that the subsequent process is convenient to carry out;
s6, kneading and extruding the two organic matters: and (3) feeding the coarse fiber bundles fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage rubbing machine for extruding and rubbing, and then carrying out secondary removal and separation on organic matters (including lignin, partial hemicellulose, impurities and the like) to obtain fiber slurry.
According to the embodiment, the superfine unqualified forage and dust are separated aiming at the forage, so that the quality of the fiber obtained by subsequent process separation can be greatly improved; after the first-stage kneading extrusion and the bio-enzyme reaction, the straw organic matter is further kneaded and extruded by the second stage, the organic matter is further rubbed and separated to obtain the fiber slurry for papermaking, the bio-enzyme reaction can be accelerated without influencing the effect of the bio-enzyme by naturally generating waste heat in the first-stage mechanical kneading process of the straw and then adding the bio-enzyme, so that the decomposition of partial cellulose and lignin in the straw is accelerated, the extraction of the organic matter is carried out, and the energy consumption is effectively reduced. In addition, the crushed straw lumps can be further separated by utilizing the crushing screw conveying, the added biological enzyme can assist in accelerating the dispersion, and the reaction effect is better by adding the waste heat generated after the extrusion and proper reaction time (generally 20-40 min); meanwhile, the crushing screw conveyor is different from the conventional heating reactor, semi-dissociation raw materials cannot be caked, and smoothness and operation continuity of a back-end process are improved.
In addition, the whole process flow of the embodiment uses chemical and redundant steam input, and the water consumption is small; the obtained fiber pulp can be used as fiber raw material for papermaking. Therefore, the processes of the embodiment are mutually dependent, the process of separating organic fertilizer and extracting fiber pulp is combined, the technical defects that the traditional transition pulp is ground at a high speed to break the fiber blank, and the fine slag is excessively stored in a water system to cause water treatment difficulty and further increase the investment cost can be overcome, a novel process with low water consumption, low energy consumption and no chemical pollution is formed, and the method is more suitable for the full-cycle application of non-woody plant raw materials.
As a preferred embodiment, the first-stage kneading machine and the second-stage kneading machine each include a plurality of kneading zones arranged in series in the feeding direction S (the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 1), and the plurality of kneading zones arranged in series in the feeding direction in the two-stage kneading machine form a progressive kneading of the fodder.
As further shown in fig. 1, each kneading area P includes a positive pressure spiral area a and a back pressure spiral area B, wherein a positive pressure spiral sheet a1 and a back pressure spiral sheet B1 are respectively disposed on the rotating shafts corresponding to the positive pressure spiral area a and the back pressure spiral area B, and the feeding directions of the positive pressure spiral sheet a1 and the back pressure spiral sheet B1 are opposite;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the openings B10 are provided in the back pressure spiral pieces B1, for any one section of kneading zone, the opening ratios of the back pressure spiral pieces B1 in two adjacent sections of kneading zones P are sequentially reduced along the feeding direction S, and the total opening ratio of the multi-section back pressure spiral pieces B1 in the multi-section kneading zone P in the first-stage kneading machine is not lower than the total opening ratio of the multi-section back pressure spiral pieces B1 in the multi-section kneading zone P in the second-stage kneading machine.
According to the embodiment, the feeding directions of the positive pressure spiral sheet and the back pressure spiral sheet in the two sections of kneaders are opposite, so that straw chopped forage is fully extruded and kneaded between the positive pressure spiral area A and the back pressure spiral area B, and particularly, after the forage enters the positive pressure spiral area A along the axial direction and is conveyed towards the back pressure spiral area B, because the feeding direction of the back-pressure spiral area B is opposite, the forage is fully kneaded between the two areas, the forage is transmitted along the feeding direction through the outlet on the back-pressure spiral sheet B1 after being fully kneaded, and the opening rate of the back-pressure spiral area B in the first-stage kneading machine is controlled to be higher, only performing epidermis blank breaking on the straw chopped grass, effectively reducing fiber breakage or breakage, simultaneously accelerating the reaction of rear-section bio-enzyme and the straw by utilizing waste heat, leading out and uniformly collecting organic liquid in a kneading machine with a water outlet, and sending fiber residues out from an opening at the tail end of a back-pressure spiral sheet B1 to enter a second-stage kneading machine; controlling the opening rate of the back pressure spiral area B in the second-stage kneading machine to be lower, further kneading and separating lignin, hemicellulose, impurities and the like, separating organic liquid, and using the obtained fiber as a raw material for papermaking or paper products. Specifically, the first-stage rubbing machine and the second-stage rubbing machine both adopt double-screw rubbing machines. Different from the prior strong one-stage disc type or conical disc type grinding, the condition that the amount of fine powder and slag in organic liquid is too much due to the fact that straw fibers are torn by a knife grinding disc at an excessively high rotating speed can be greatly improved.
Specifically, the positive pressure spiral piece a1 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft and in a spiral extension perpendicular to the rotating shaft. As the positive pressure spiral piece A1 is not provided with a notch, the forage is spirally conveyed into the back pressure spiral area B after passing through the pitch gap between the positive pressure spiral pieces A1 along the feeding direction S.
Referring to fig. 2, the back pressure spiral sheet B1 is disposed along the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft in an inclined spiral manner, specifically, the opening B10 of the back pressure spiral sheet B1 is disposed in an inclined manner, and the inclined direction of the opening B10 with respect to the rotation shaft is opposite to the inclined direction of the back pressure spiral sheet B1 with respect to the rotation shaft, so that a gradual blocking effect on the material is formed in the back pressure spiral region B, thereby further kneading the forage sufficiently and promoting the separation of organic matters. In addition, the pitch spacing between the counter-pressure flights is uniform.
In order to obtain a better kneading and separating effect, the first-stage kneading machine is provided with 2-4 sections of kneading areas, the opening rate of each section of back pressure spiral sheet corresponding to each section of kneading area P in the first-stage kneading machine is controlled to be 35% -20%, and the opening rate of the back pressure spiral sheet B1 in each section of kneading area P is reduced in sequence along the feeding direction S; the grass materials are progressively kneaded in the first-stage kneading machine only until the surface skin is in a dissociated state, so that the breakage or breakage of the pirn fibers is effectively reduced, and the reaction of the rear-section bio-enzyme and the straws is accelerated. The second-stage kneading machine is provided with 2-4 sections of kneading areas, the opening rate of the multi-section back pressure spiral sheet corresponding to each section of kneading area P in the second-stage kneading machine is controlled to be 25% -10%, and organic matters are secondarily removed and separated. The two sections of kneading are combined to form progressive mechanical kneading separation, and the extruded organic matters are discharged from the discharge ports of the first-stage kneading machine and the second-stage kneading machine and then are collected and treated in a centralized way without excessive fine slag. Promoting the effective separation and extraction of organic matters and reducing energy consumption.
Specifically, the first-stage kneading machine is provided with 4 sections of kneading areas, and the opening rates of the corresponding 4 sections of back-pressure spiral pieces along the feeding direction S are respectively 32%, 28%, 25% and 20% in sequence. The opening rate is gradually reduced along the feeding direction S by controlling the back pressure spiral area of each section in the first-stage kneading machine to be proper, so that the forage is progressively kneaded in the first-stage kneading machine only to achieve the state of skin dissociation. The second-stage kneading machine is provided with 4 sections of kneading areas, and the opening rates of the corresponding 4 sections of back pressure spiral sheets along the feeding direction S are respectively 20%, 18%, 14% and 12% in sequence. The opening rate is controlled by controlling the back pressure spiral area B of each section in the second-stage rubbing machine, and the opening rate is gradually reduced along the feeding direction S in sequence, so that the coarse fiber bundles subjected to the full reaction of the biological enzyme in the second-stage rubbing machine are extruded and rubbed, and organic matters are secondarily and deeply removed and separated.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the section of the opening on any stage of the back pressure spiral section B is in a U-like shape, so that material blockage is prevented.
In addition, it should be noted that the opening ratio in the present invention is the area of the area through which the forage passes, and the area through which the bidirectional arrow passes as shown in fig. 4 is an opening on the back pressure spiral sheet.
With the above embodiments, in step S4, the waste heat generated by the first-stage kneading machine is 50-70 ℃, so that the biological enzyme can further decompose the lignin for 20-40 min.
The reaction effect of the biological enzyme can be accelerated by adding the biological enzyme after the straw skin is broken through the first-stage kneading, meanwhile, the biological enzyme reaction can be accelerated because the temperature of waste heat naturally generated in the straw kneading process is between 50 and 70 ℃, and the structure and the related effect of the biological enzyme cannot be damaged because the process temperature exceeds 70 ℃. The biological enzymes used in the method, such as pirn cellulase, xylanase, glucoronidase and the like, can be adaptively selected according to different straw raw materials.
Example 1
S1, cutting grass: cutting the straws into chopped straws, wherein the length of the chopped straws is 20-70 mm;
s2, dust collection and air separation: screening the forage to remove dust;
s3, washing grass, infiltrating and dehydrating: washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating, wherein the water content of the dehydrated grass is about 80%;
s4, kneading and extruding a section of organic matter: the dewatered forage is sent to a first-stage rubbing machine for extrusion and rubbing, the opening rate of 3 sections of counter-pressure spiral sheets in 3 sections of rubbing areas in the first-stage double-screw rubbing machine is sequentially configured into 32%, 28% and 25% along the feeding direction, organic matters are separated from lignin, partial hemicellulose, impurities and the like, partial straw skins and fiber bundles are separated (but the powdery straw skins and the fiber bundles cannot be formed), and the organic matters are removed and collected by organic liquid;
s5, spiral crushing reaction conveying: the water content of the coarse fiber forage kneaded in the first stage is about 65%, biological enzyme is added according to the adding ratio of 1.5 kg/ton, then the coarse fiber forage is sent to a crushing screw reaction conveyor to be dispersed and buffered for 30min, the biological enzyme is further decomposed into lignin within 30min by using the waste heat generated by the kneading machine, the crushed straw can be further separated by using the crushing screw conveyor to prevent the straw from being blocked, and the subsequent process is convenient to carry out;
s6, kneading and extruding the two organic matters: feeding the coarse fiber bundle fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage kneading machine for extruding and kneading, sequentially configuring the opening rate of 3 sections of counter-pressure spiral sheets in 3 sections of kneading areas in the second-stage double-screw kneading machine into 25%, 18% and 12% along the feeding direction, secondarily removing and separating organic matters, wherein the processed coarse fiber bundle is broomed (but not powdery), the moisture of the obtained fiber is about 35-40%, the pulp beating degree of the fiber pulp is 10 DEG SR, and the fine fiber below 200mesh is controlled below 20%, so that the coarse fiber bundle can be directly used for papermaking in a paper factory or a paper product factory; the organic liquid is discharged from the discharge port of the 3-section counter-pressure spiral plate and collected (the concentration is about 20000ppm), and the organic liquid can be used for agricultural planting irrigation.
Example 2
S1, cutting grass: cutting the straws into chopped straws, wherein the length of the chopped straws is 20-70 mm;
s2, dust collection and air separation: screening the forage to remove dust;
s3, washing grass, infiltrating and dehydrating: washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating, wherein the water content of the dehydrated grass is about 80%;
s4, kneading and extruding a section of organic matter: the dewatered forage is sent to a first-stage rubbing machine for extrusion and rubbing, the opening ratio of 4 sections of counter-pressure spiral sheets in 4 sections of rubbing areas in a first-section double-screw rubbing machine is sequentially configured to be 32%, 28%, 25% and 20% along the feeding direction, organic matters are separated from lignin, partial hemicellulose, impurities and the like, partial straw skins and fiber bundles are separated (but not formed into powder), and the organic matters are removed and collected by organic liquid;
s5, spiral crushing reaction conveying: the water content of the coarse fiber forage kneaded in the first stage is about 65%, biological enzyme is added according to the adding ratio of 1.5 kg/ton, then the coarse fiber forage is sent to a crushing screw reaction conveyor to be dispersed and buffered for 30min, the biological enzyme is further decomposed into lignin within 40min by using the waste heat generated by the kneading machine, the crushed straw can be further separated by using the crushing screw conveyor to prevent the straw from being blocked, and the subsequent process is convenient to carry out;
s6, kneading and extruding the two organic matters: feeding the coarse fiber bundle fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage kneading machine for extruding and kneading, sequentially configuring the opening ratio of 4 sections of counter-pressure spiral sheets in 4 sections of kneading areas in the second-stage double-screw kneading machine into 20%, 18%, 14% and 12% along the feeding direction, and secondarily removing and separating organic matters, wherein the processed coarse fiber bundle is broomed (but not powdery), the moisture of the obtained fiber is about 35-40%, the pulp beating degree of the fiber pulp is 15 DEG SR, and the fine fiber below 200mesh is controlled below 20%, so that the coarse fiber bundle can be directly used for papermaking in a paper mill or a paper product factory; the organic liquid is discharged from the discharge port of the 3-section counter-pressure spiral plate and collected (the concentration is about 20000ppm), and the organic liquid can be used for agricultural planting irrigation.
Example 3
S1, cutting grass: cutting the straws into chopped straws, wherein the length of the chopped straws is 20-70 mm;
s2, dust collection and air separation: screening the forage to remove dust;
s3, washing grass, infiltrating and dehydrating: washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating, wherein the water content of the dehydrated grass is about 80%;
s4, kneading and extruding a section of organic matter: the dewatered forage is sent to a first-stage rubbing machine for extrusion and rubbing, the opening ratio of 4 sections of counter-pressure spiral sheets in 4 sections of rubbing areas in the first-stage double-screw rubbing machine is sequentially configured to be 35%, 30%, 25% and 20% along the feeding direction, organic matters are separated from lignin, partial hemicellulose, impurities and the like, partial straw skins and fiber bundles are separated (but not formed into powder), and the organic matters are removed and collected by organic liquid;
s5, spiral crushing reaction conveying: the water content of the coarse fiber forage kneaded in the first stage is about 65%, biological enzyme is added according to the adding ratio of 1.5 kg/ton, then the coarse fiber forage is sent to a crushing screw reaction conveyor to be dispersed and buffered for 30min, the biological enzyme is further decomposed into lignin within effective time by using the waste heat generated by the kneading machine, the crushed straw can be further separated by using the crushing screw conveyor to prevent the straw from being blocked, and the subsequent process is convenient to be carried out;
s6, kneading and extruding the two organic matters: feeding the coarse fiber bundle fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage kneading machine for extruding and kneading, sequentially configuring the opening ratio of 4 sections of counter-pressure spiral sheets in 4 sections of kneading areas in the second-stage double-screw kneading machine into 20%, 17%, 13% and 10% along the feeding direction, and secondarily removing and separating organic matters, wherein the processed coarse fiber bundle is broomed (but not powdery), the moisture of the obtained fiber is about 35-40%, the pulp beating degree of the fiber pulp is 18 DEG SR, and the fine fiber below 200mesh is controlled below 20%, so that the coarse fiber bundle can be used for directly making paper in a paper factory or a paper product factory; the organic liquid is discharged from the discharge port of the 3-section counter-pressure spiral plate and collected (the concentration is about 20000ppm), and the organic liquid can be used for agricultural planting irrigation.
The combination of the embodiment 1-3 shows that on one hand, the straw treated by the method can control the pulp beating degree of the fiber pulp to be 10-20 DEG SR, so that high-quality fiber pulp is obtained, the fine fiber below 200mesh is controlled to be below 20%, and compared with the conventional straw recycling, the fine fiber below 200mesh accounts for 50% of the weight, the content of the fine fiber is less, which shows that the devillicating and brooming effect is better, so that the straw is very suitable for papermaking; on the other hand, organic matters can be effectively recycled, so that the yield of the whole process is improved, and the loss is reduced.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-section straw fiber slurry extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cutting the straws into chopped straws;
s2, screening the forage to remove dust;
s3, washing the crushed grass with water, absorbing water, swelling and dehydrating;
s4, conveying the dewatered forage to a first-stage rubbing machine for extruding and rubbing, separating organic matters to separate partial straw skins and fiber bundles, and simultaneously removing the organic matters to collect the organic matters through organic liquid;
s5, adding biological enzyme into the coarse fiber forage after the first stage kneading, then sending into a crushing screw reaction conveyor for crushing and buffering the coarse fiber forage, and further decomposing lignin by the biological enzyme by using the waste heat generated by the kneading machine;
and S6, feeding the coarse fiber bundle which is fully reacted with the biological enzyme into a second-stage kneading machine for extruding and kneading, and removing and separating organic matters for the second time to obtain fiber slurry.
2. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 1, wherein:
the first-stage rubbing machine and the second-stage rubbing machine are internally provided with a plurality of sections of rubbing areas which are sequentially connected in series along the feeding direction, and the plurality of sections of rubbing areas which are positioned in the two sections of rubbing machines and are sequentially connected in series along the feeding direction form progressive rubbing on forage.
3. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 2, wherein:
any section of the kneading area comprises a positive pressure spiral area and a back pressure spiral area, wherein a positive pressure spiral sheet and a back pressure spiral sheet are respectively arranged on rotating shafts corresponding to the positive pressure spiral area and the back pressure spiral area, and the feeding directions of the positive pressure spiral sheet and the back pressure spiral sheet are opposite;
the back pressure spiral sheet is provided with openings, the opening rate of the back pressure spiral sheet in two adjacent sections of kneading areas is reduced along the feeding direction, and the total opening rate of the multiple sections of kneading areas in the first-stage kneading machine is not lower than that of the multiple sections of kneading areas in the second-stage kneading machine.
4. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 3, wherein:
the opening rate of the back pressure spiral sheet in each section of kneading area in the first-stage kneading machine is controlled to be 35-20%.
5. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 3, wherein:
the opening rate of the back pressure spiral sheet in each section of kneading area in the second-stage kneading machine is controlled to be 25-10%.
6. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 3, wherein:
the kneading area is set to be 2-4 sections.
7. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 3, wherein:
the counter-pressure spiral sheet is arranged in an inclined spiral extension along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.
8. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 3, wherein:
the positive pressure spiral piece extends along the ring direction of the rotating shaft and is arranged in a spiral shape perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
9. The multi-stage straw fiber slurry extraction method of claim 1, wherein:
in step S4, the waste heat generated by the first-stage kneading machine is 50-70 ℃ so that the biological enzyme can further decompose the lignin for 20-40 min.
10. A multi-section straw fiber slurry extraction method is characterized in that:
the fiber pulp has a pulp beating degree of 10-20 DEG SR and is applied to papermaking.
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