CN112553512B - Aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet material with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance and use thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet material with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance, the thickness of the alloy plate is 1.0-4.0 mm, and the components and the weight percentage thereof are as follows: 4.0 to 4.9 percent of Mg, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.26 percent of Er, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Zn, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al. The alloy plate has high thermal stability of a deformation structure, and the complete recrystallization temperature is up to more than 325-500 ℃; meanwhile, the welding material has excellent welding performance and intergranular corrosion resistance, wherein FSW welding (friction stir welding) is more than 85%, welding joints are resistant to intergranular corrosion more than 1 level, MIG welding (metal inert gas shielded welding) is more than 75%, and welding joints are resistant to intergranular corrosion more than 2 levels. The Al-Mg alloy sheet material has the advantages of outstanding comprehensive performance, high strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent weldability, and can be used in the fields of ocean engineering, ship manufacturing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance and application thereof.
Background
The Al-Mg alloy has small density and relatively excellent corrosion resistance and weldability, is commonly used in the fields of ocean engineering and the like, is particularly and remarkably applied to ship structural materials with severe corrosion environment, and comprises large-scale ship superstructure, decks, wall plates, small-sized all-aluminum ships, oil tanks, liquefied petroleum gas (LNG) storage tanks and the like.
The Al-Mg alloy marine plate has excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability due to the requirement of high alloy strength. The thickness of the alloy plate is generally determined by the ship specification, structure, position and the like, and from the viewpoint of weight reduction of the ship body and the like, a thin plate is generally adopted, and the Al-Mg alloy plate generally used is more than 1.6mm in combination with the service environment and the corrosion depth of the plate in service time. Meanwhile, the ship construction mainly takes welding as a main part, for example, the ship body of the 'European wild cattle' landing ship is integrally welded by Al-Mg alloy, and TIG welding or MIG welding is mainly adopted for welding. For large liquefied petroleum gas (LNG) storage tanks, welding is mainly used, and high requirements are provided for corrosion resistance, weldability and stability of materials. Therefore, the Al-Mg alloy, especially the plate, has higher requirements on the comprehensive performance of the alloy, especially high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability when applied to the fields of ocean engineering, ships and warships and the like.
In addition, the main strengthening modes of the Al-Mg alloy sheet material are deformation strengthening and solid solution strengthening, and for medium and high Mg alloys, the cold rolling strength is not stable, the alloy can be softened after long-term use at room temperature, and the performance is stabilized by stabilizing annealing, but the deformation strengthening of the alloy can be gradually lost by recovery or recrystallization along with the increase of the annealing temperature. The traditional Al-Mg alloy cold-rolled sheet has relatively poor thermal stability, the temperature of complete recrystallization is about 300 ℃, and the contribution of alloy deformation strengthening is completely lost. Therefore, the thermal stability of the deformed structure of Al-Mg alloys is also a very important performance index.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop an Al-Mg alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance, which has outstanding thermal stability of a deformation structure, can ensure higher strength, and simultaneously has excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance is characterized in that the alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.0 to 4.9 percent of Mg, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.26 percent of Er, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Zn0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of Al.
The aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance is characterized in that the alloy sheet comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.2 to 4.7 percent of Mg, 0.07 to 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Er, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al.
The aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance is characterized in that the thickness of the alloy sheet is 1.0-4.0 mm, and the alloy sheet is a cold rolled, O or stabilized sheet.
The aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet having high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance as described above, wherein the complete recrystallization temperature of said alloy sheet is 325 ℃ to 500 ℃.
The aluminum-magnesium alloy sheet having high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance as described above, wherein the complete recrystallization temperature of the alloy sheet is 450 to 500 ℃.
According to the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance, after the alloy plate is subjected to stabilizing annealing at 200-230 ℃ for 1-10 h, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the plate is 1 grade, the friction stir welding is more than 85 percent, the intergranular corrosion resistance of a welding joint is 1 grade, the consumable electrode inert gas shielded welding is more than 75 percent, and the intergranular corrosion resistance of the welding joint is 1 grade or 2 grade.
The application of the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance is characterized in that the alloy plate is used for manufacturing components for ocean engineering.
Use of an aluminium-magnesium alloy sheet material with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance according to the above, characterised in that said alloy sheet material is used to make marine sheet materials.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the Al-Mg alloy plate has high thermal stability of a deformation structure, and the complete recrystallization temperature is up to more than 325-500 ℃; meanwhile, the welding material has excellent welding performance and intergranular corrosion resistance, wherein FSW welding (friction stir welding) is more than 85%, welding joints are resistant to intergranular corrosion more than 1 level, MIG welding (metal inert gas shielded welding) is more than 75%, and welding joints are resistant to intergranular corrosion more than 2 levels. Compared with the traditional Al-Mg alloy plate, the Al-Mg alloy plate disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the complete recrystallization temperature, the welding coefficient and the like are greatly improved, the strength of the alloy plate is ensured, meanwhile, the Al-Mg alloy plate has good corrosion resistance, and the service life of the plate is obviously prolonged. The Al-Mg alloy sheet material has the advantages of outstanding comprehensive performance, high strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent weldability, and can be applied to the fields of ocean engineering, ship manufacturing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an annealing temperature-hardness curve of alloy sheets No. 1 to No. 6 in examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 2 is the metallographic structure of the alloy sheet materials No. 1 and No. 2 in different annealed states in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 is metallographic structures of 3# to 6# alloy plates in different annealing states in examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure of a FSW welded joint of alloy plates 1# to 6# in the examples and the comparative examples;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of a MIG welded joint of alloy plates No. 1# to No. 6# in examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 6 is SEM structural diagrams of 3# -6 # alloy sheet materials in examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.0 to 4.9 percent of Mg, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.26 percent of Er, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Zn, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities such as Fe, Si and the like, and the balance of Al; the alloy plate deformation structure has higher thermal stability, and the complete recrystallization temperature of the alloy plate is up to more than 325-500 ℃. Preferably, the alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg4.2-4.7%, Zr 0.07-0.1%, Er 0.15-0.25%, Zn 0.05-0.1%, Fe, Si and other unavoidable impurities less than 0.5%, and Al in balance; the complete recrystallization temperature of the alloy plate reaches more than 450-500 ℃. The thickness of the alloy plate is 1.0-4.0 mm, and the alloy plate is a cold-rolled plate, an O-shaped plate or a stabilized plate.
The aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance has excellent welding performance and intercrystalline corrosion resistance, and after the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate is subjected to stabilizing annealing at 200-230 ℃ for 1-10 h, the intercrystalline corrosion resistance of the plate is more than 1 grade, wherein FSW welding (friction stir welding) is more than 85 percent, the intercrystalline corrosion resistance of a welding joint is more than 1 grade, MIG welding (metal inert gas shielded welding) is more than 75 percent, and the intercrystalline corrosion resistance of the welding joint is more than 2 grades.
The aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance can be applied to the fields of ocean engineering, ship manufacturing and the like, and is used for manufacturing parts for ocean engineering, in particular to marine plates.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and figures, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
6 groups of Al-Mg alloy cold-rolled sheets with different compositions (1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#) are prepared respectively, and the alloy compositions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition and content (%)
| Alloy (II) | Mg | Zr | Er | |
| 1# (comparative example 1) | 4.28 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2# (comparative example 2) | 4.32 | 0.086 | 0 | 0.041 |
| 3# (embodiment 1) | 4.28 | 0.096 | 0.077 | 0.052 |
| 4# (embodiment 2) | 4.27 | 0.094 | 0.16 | 0.069 |
| 5# (embodiment 3) | 4.38 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.062 |
| 6# (comparative example 3) | 4.26 | 0.092 | 0.34 | 0.059 |
And (3) performing recrystallization annealing test on 6 groups of cold-rolled plates, wherein the annealing temperature is 100-550 ℃, the gradient is 25 ℃, the Vickers hardness of the sample at the annealing temperature is tested, and a recrystallization annealing temperature-hardness change curve is shown in figure 1.
The 6-alloy cold-rolled sheet was stabilized at 220 ℃ for 2 hours, and the strengths of the 6-alloy cold-rolled sheet and the stabilized sheet were measured as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Cold rolled Al-Mg alloy sheet and 220 ℃/2h stabilized sheet strengths
The stabilized alloy plates with 6 components are subjected to FSW welding (welding parameter is 800rpm-300mm/min) and MIG welding (welding parameter is 80A-0.7m/min), the welded plates are subjected to strength test, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 FSW-WELDING AND MIG-WELDING JOINT STRENGTH AND WELDING COEFFICIENCY FOR STABILIZED AL-MG ALLOY SHEETS
And (3) performing an intergranular corrosion experiment on the FSW welding joint and the MIG welding joint according to an aluminum alloy intergranular corrosion standard aluminum alloy intergranular corrosion determination method (GB/T7998-.
Example 1
The Al-Mg alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.28 percent of Mg, 0.096 percent of Zr, 0.077 percent of Er, 0.052 percent of Zn, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities such as Fe, Si and the like, and the balance of Al. The thermal stability of the deformed structure of the alloy cold-rolled sheet is improved, and the recrystallization end temperature (T) f ) Increasing to 325 deg.C (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3), the grain size of the plate grows relatively slowly and uniformly with the increase of annealing temperature, and when the annealing temperature is 500 deg.C, the plate has average grain sizeThe grain size is only about 40 mu m, which is obviously superior to the alloy of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2; in addition, the strength of the plate is improved by 10-20 MPa compared with the alloy of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, wherein the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled plate are 353MPa, 380MPa and 6.9%, and the mechanical properties in a stabilized state are 218MPa, 269MPa and 13.5% (see table 2); the welding coefficient of the plate is further improved, the welding coefficients of FSW welding and MIG welding are respectively 86.3% and 76.0% (see Table 3), the recrystallization widths of the heat affected zones of the corresponding welding joints are further reduced, respectively, are about 1.05mm and 2.58mm (see FIGS. 4 and 5), and the intergranular corrosion is respectively grade 1 and grade 2.
Example 2
The Al-Mg alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.27 percent of Mg, 0.094 percent of Zr, 0.16 percent of Er, 0.069 percent of Zn0.069 percent, the content of unavoidable impurities such as Fe, Si and the like is less than 0.5 percent, and the balance of Al. Recrystallization end temperature (T) of alloy cold-rolled sheet f ) The temperature is increased to 400 ℃ (such as figure 1 and figure 3), which is obviously higher than about 100 ℃ of the alloy of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2; in addition, the strength of the plate is improved by 10-30 MPa compared with the alloy of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, wherein the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled plate are 357MPa, 383MPa and 7.3%, and the mechanical properties in a stabilized state are 226MPa, 276MPa and 13.9% (see table 2); the welding coefficient of the sheet materials is further improved, the welding coefficients of FSW welding and MIG welding are respectively 86.8% and 80.2% (see Table 3), the recrystallization widths of heat-affected zones of corresponding welding joints are further reduced, wherein the heat-affected zone of FSW is mainly based on reversion structures, the width of a MIG recrystallization zone is about 2.18mm (see figures 4 and 5), and the intergranular corrosion is respectively 1 grade and 2 grades.
Example 3
The Al-Mg alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.38 percent of Mg, 0.10 percent of Zr, 0.25 percent of Er, 0.062 percent of Zno, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities such as Fe, Si and the like, and the balance of Al. Recrystallization end temperature (T) of cold-rolled alloy sheet f ) Increased to 450 ℃ (fig. 1 and 3) above about 150 ℃ for the alloys of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2; in addition, the strength of the plate is improved by 20-35 MPa compared with the alloy of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, wherein the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled plate are 360MPa, 392MPa and 7.8%, and the mechanical properties in a stabilized state are 237MPa, 281MPa and 14.4% (see table 2); the welding coefficients of FSW welding and MIG welding were 85.7% and 80% respectively (see table 3),the heat affected zone of the corresponding FSW welding joint is mainly of a recovery structure, the recrystallized structure width of the heat affected zone of the MIG welding joint is about 0.91mm (see figures 4 and 5), and the intergranular corrosion is respectively 1 grade and 2 grades.
Comparative example 1
The Al-Mg alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.28 percent of Mg, zero content of Er, Zr and Zn elements, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities such as Fe, Si and the like, and the balance of Al. Recrystallization end temperature (T) of alloy cold-rolled sheet f ) 300 deg.c (as shown in fig. 1 and 2), corresponding to an average grain size of 36.4 μm for the alloy sheet, the grain size of the sheet sharply grows up to several hundred micrometers at an annealing temperature of 450 deg.c; the cold-rolled sheet has mechanical properties of 344MPa, 364MPa and 5.8 percent and stable mechanical properties of 201MPa, 237MPa and 14.4 percent (see table 2); the welding coefficients of the FSW welding and MIG welding of the plates are 81.1 percent and 70.2 percent respectively (see Table 3), the recrystallization of the heat affected zone of the corresponding welding joint is wider and is about 2.1mm and 3.26mm respectively (see figures 4 and 5), and the intergranular corrosion is 2 grades and 4 grades respectively.
Comparative example 2
The Al-Mg alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.32 percent of Mg, 0.086 percent of Zr, 0.041 percent of Zn, zero content of Er element, less than 0.5 percent of unavoidable impurities such as Fe, Si and the like, and the balance of Al. Recrystallization end temperature (T) of cold-rolled alloy sheet f ) 300 ℃ (see fig. 1 and 2), corresponding to an average plate grain size of 27.8 μm, the alloy has a reduced grain size compared with that of comparative example 1, but when the annealing temperature is 450 ℃, the plate grains grow unevenly, the size distribution is uneven, and part of the grains grow up to hundreds of microns; the cold-rolled sheet has mechanical properties of 342MPa, 362MPa and 5.9 percent and stable mechanical properties of 203MPa, 247MPa and 14.9 percent (see table 2); the welding coefficient of the plate was improved as compared with that of comparative example 1, the welding coefficients of FSW welding and MIG welding were 84.1% and 71.1%, respectively (see table 3), the recrystallization widths of the heat affected zones of the corresponding welded joints were reduced to about 1.6mm and 3.03mm, respectively (see fig. 4 and 5), and the intergranular corrosion was 2-grade and 4-grade, respectively.
Comparative example 3
The Al-Mg alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg 4.26%, Zr 0.092%, Er 0.34%, Zn0.059%, Fe, Si and other unavoidable impurity content less than 0.5%, and the balance Al. Although the deformed structure stability of the alloy cold-rolled sheet is high, the recrystallization finishing temperature is high, and the heat affected zone of the welding joint is mainly a recovery structure, the strength of the sheet in the cold-rolled state or the annealed state is not improved and basically similar to that of the sheet in the embodiment 3, and the FSW welding coefficient and the MIG welding coefficient are not further improved. In addition, because the content of the Er element in the alloy is relatively overhigh, a large amount of AlMgEr compound residual phases appear in the matrix structure of the alloy, which is far higher than that of the alloy in the embodiment 1-3 (see figure 6), which indicates that the Er element is excessive and is difficult to dissolve back in the Al matrix, so that the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the alloy is not facilitated, the waste of the rare earth Er is caused, and the cost of alloy raw materials is increased.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and optimization can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and optimization should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An aluminum-magnesium alloy plate with high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance is characterized in that the alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.2-4.7% of Mg, 0.07-0.1% of Zr, 0.15-0.25% of Er, 0.05-0.1% of Zn, less than 0.5% of unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al;
the complete recrystallization temperature of the alloy plate is 450-500 ℃;
after the alloy plate is subjected to stabilizing annealing at 200-230 ℃ for 1-10 h, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the plate is 1 grade, the welding coefficient of friction stir welding is more than 85 percent, the intergranular corrosion resistance of a welding joint is 1 grade, the welding coefficient of metal inert gas shielded welding is more than 75 percent, and the intergranular corrosion resistance of the welding joint is 1 grade or 2 grade;
the thickness of the alloy plate is 1.0 mm-4.0 mm, and the alloy plate is a stabilized plate.
2. Use of a high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance aluminium-magnesium alloy sheet material according to claim 1 characterised in that the alloy sheet material is used to form components for marine engineering.
3. Use of a high thermal stability, weldability and corrosion resistance aluminium-magnesium alloy sheet material according to claim 2 characterised in that said alloy sheet material is used to make marine sheet materials.
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