CN112553128B - 益生菌冻干粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
益生菌冻干粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112553128B CN112553128B CN202011610563.4A CN202011610563A CN112553128B CN 112553128 B CN112553128 B CN 112553128B CN 202011610563 A CN202011610563 A CN 202011610563A CN 112553128 B CN112553128 B CN 112553128B
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- Prior art keywords
- probiotic
- mixture
- freeze
- dried powder
- probiotics
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
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- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
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- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
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- A23G3/364—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins
- A23G3/366—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins containing microorganisms, enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
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Abstract
本发明涉及益生菌生产技术,公开了一种益生菌冻干粉及其制备方法和应用。益生菌冻干粉的制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)提供含有益生菌的发酵菌泥、保护剂和水分活度调节剂的混合料;(2)将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料以使得所述混合料冻结,并真空干燥。本发明提供的制备方法采用制冷介质喷淋至益生菌菌泥的方式,不仅能够对益生菌菌体进行快速冷冻,减小蛋白质、酶的失活,而且使得益生菌在冷冻过程中产生的冰晶细小,避免对细胞结构产生破坏,提高冻结过程中益生菌的存活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及益生菌生产技术,具体涉及一种益生菌冻干粉及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着益生菌对人体健康有益作用机理研究的不断深入以及人们保健意识的增强,益生菌得到越来越多的关注和研究开发,目前已被广泛应用于营养保健、食品、医药等行业中。在食品行业中益生菌是指通过定殖在人体内,改变宿主某一部位菌群组成的一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,常见的产品形态为“固体饮料”、“菌粉”、“微胶囊化菌粉”。
为了便于将益生菌应用于营养保健、食品、医药等产品的生产中,通常以液体培养基发酵的方式来使益生菌增殖,获得较高活菌数的菌体,然后经干燥得到益生菌菌粉。常规的热风干燥因过高的致死率而不适用于益生菌的干燥,因此,益生菌通常采用冷冻干燥的方式制备菌粉。然而,在冷冻干燥的过程中,细胞冷冻产生的冰晶会破坏细胞膜而使得益生菌仍存在大量的死亡。此外,在益生菌的商品货架期,处于常温保存条件下,益生菌以活菌形态保持在商品中,也会因自身的生长耗尽营养或者因环境温度过高而死亡,会导致益生菌在货架期活菌数量衰减速度过快,商品出售时其益生菌的活菌数量不能达到商品标签中标注的含量,从而出现质量问题。
在食品的货架期内,为控制微生物的生长繁殖、避免高浓度地使用防腐剂,传统的处理方法是采用“盐渍”或“糖渍”的工艺,即采用食盐、食糖来腌渍食品,经这样处理的食品因盐分、糖分含量很高,相应地水分活度较低,以能够抑制微生物的生长繁殖,达到延长货架期的目的。但这一降低水分活度的工艺应用于益生菌及其制品时,因过多的盐分或糖分的存在,极大地限制了益生菌的活性、同时也影响益生菌粉应用产品的口感进而制约益生菌的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的益生菌中活菌数低、冷冻和货架期存活率低的问题,提供一种益生菌冻干粉及其制备方法和应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明第一方面提供一种制备益生菌冻干粉的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)提供含有益生菌的发酵菌泥、保护剂和水分活度调节剂的混合料;
(2)将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料以使得所述混合料冻结,并真空干燥。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述保护剂含有渗透性保护剂和非渗透性保护剂,所述渗透性保护剂选自甘油、核糖和麦芽糖中的至少一种,所述非渗透性保护剂选自海藻糖、聚乙二醇和脱脂奶粉中的至少一种;
所述渗透性保护剂与所述非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:8-30;
优选地,所述水分活度调节剂选自聚葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、柠檬酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述益生菌的发酵菌泥、所述保护剂和所述水分活度调节剂的质量比为30-80:1-3:1。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述含有益生菌的发酵菌泥的制备过程包括:将所述益生菌的菌种进行发酵培养得到发酵液,将所述发酵液进行固液分离,其中,所述发酵培养过程中控制发酵液培养基的pH恒定并流加碳源;
优选地,所述发酵液培养基的pH的恒定范围为4.0-6.5;
优选地,所述控制所述发酵液培养基的pH恒定采用向所述发酵液培养基中添加缓冲物的方式,所述缓冲物选自碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸氢二钠和氨水中的至少一种;
优选地,所述固液分离采用管道式离心分离,所述固液分离的温度为4-10℃。
优选地,所述益生菌选自鼠李糖乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、两歧双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述制冷介质为液氮和/或液态二氧化碳;
优选地,将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料的过程包括:在喷淋设备内鼓风的条件下,将所述混合料从喷淋设备的入口端输入,并经所述喷淋设备输送至所述喷淋设备的出口端,所述制冷介质置于所述喷淋设备内靠近所述出口端的一侧,所述制冷介质的喷淋方向、所述鼓风的方向分别与所述混合料的输送方向相反,所述混合料在所述喷淋设备内的输送时间、所述制冷介质的喷淋量与所述混合料的体积比和所述鼓风的风速相配合,以使得所述混合料能够最迟在到达所述喷淋设备的出口端时冻结。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述真空干燥的条件至少满足:真空度为10-150Pa、温度不高于50℃;优选为温度不高于30℃。
优选地,所述步骤(1)和所述步骤(2)均在无菌条件下进行。
本发明第二方面提供由上述方法制得的益生菌冻干粉。
优选地,所述益生菌冻干粉的水分活度不高于0.5、活菌数不低于106cfu/g;
优选地,所述益生菌冻干粉的水分活度不高于0.1、活菌数不低于108cfu/g。
本发明第三方面提供上述的益生菌冻干粉在健康食品中的应用,所述健康食品优选为调制乳粉、固体饮料、压片糖果、酸奶、软胶囊或者凝胶糖果。
通过上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供的益生菌冻干粉的制备方法采用制冷介质喷淋至益生菌菌泥的方式并结合真空干燥,不仅能够将益生菌菌体进行快速冷冻与干燥,减小蛋白质、酶的失活,而且使得益生菌在冷冻过程中产生的冰晶细小,避免对细胞结构产生破坏,提高冻结干燥过程中益生菌的存活率;本发明的制备方法还辅以保护剂和水分活度调节剂,保护剂能够进一步减少冻结对益生菌细胞的损伤,水分活度调节剂能够有效减少冻结过程中细胞内自由水的外溢或冻结,以调节冻干粉中益生菌细胞的水分活度,使益生菌活菌处于休眠状态,能够进一步提高冻干粉存放过程中益生菌的存活率;
本发明提供的制备方法中,制冷介质的喷淋方向、喷淋设备内的空气流动方向分别与混合料的输送方向相反,使得益生菌菌泥与喷淋设备内温度较低的空气先接触达到预冷的效果,然后再与喷淋的制冷介质直接接触,实现快速冻结,同时益生菌菌泥在制冷介质的极低温度环境下停留时间短,有效提高益生菌在冷冻过程中的存活率。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
第一方面,本发明提供了一种制备益生菌冻干粉的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)提供含有益生菌的发酵菌泥、保护剂和水分活度调节剂的混合料;
(2)将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料以使得所述混合料冻结,并真空干燥。
根据本发明,步骤(1)中所述保护剂含有渗透性保护剂和非渗透性保护剂,所述渗透性保护剂选自甘油、核糖和麦芽糖中的至少一种,所述非渗透性保护剂选自海藻糖、聚乙二醇和脱脂奶粉中的至少一种。优选情况下,所述渗透性保护剂与所述非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:8-30。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,在益生菌菌泥冻结过程中既能够有效保护细胞的外表面免受伤害,还能够降低细胞外冻结引起的细胞脱水皱缩的程度和速度,从而提高冻结过程中益生菌的存活率。
根据本发明,所述水分活度调节剂选自聚葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、柠檬酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的至少一种。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,有利于水分活度调节剂对益生菌细胞的水分含量进行调节,以使得益生菌在以“休眠”的方式保存,提高货架期内益生菌的存活率。
根据本发明,步骤(1)中所述益生菌的发酵菌泥、所述保护剂和所述水分活度调节剂的质量比为30-80:1-3:1。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,有利于降低益生菌冻干过程中的细胞损伤,且使得水分活度调节剂的调节效果更优。
根据本发明,步骤(1)中对益生菌的发酵菌泥的制备过程没有特殊的限定,示例性地,所述益生菌的发酵菌泥的制备过程包括:将所述益生菌的菌种进行发酵培养得到发酵液,将所述发酵液进行固液分离得到所述益生菌的发酵菌泥。
本发明对所述益生菌的菌种进行发酵培养的条件没有特殊的限定,能够提供益生菌菌种生长所需的营养元素、温度、时间等条件即可。示例性地,发酵培养的培养基组分为:乳糖0.5-1%、葡萄糖4-4.5%、蛋白胨0.5-1%、酵母膏1-2%、柠檬酸氢二铵0.2-1%、磷酸氢二钾0.01-0.5%、硫酸镁0.02-0.1%,余量为蒸馏水或者自来水,调节pH为5.8-6.5,配好后灭菌,备用;发酵培养的温度为35-37℃、转速为40-100rpm、时间20-36h。
本申请的发明人在研究过程中发现,根据益生菌的作用机理及行业经验,为了保持益生菌产品具有良好的生理功效体验,要求益生菌产品在保质期内活菌数不低于106cfu/g,然而,益生菌的活菌体在干燥过程和保质期内存活率低,需要尽量提高发酵过程中益生菌的活菌数;目前应用于食品、医药中的益生菌,主要为革兰氏阳性、厌氧的微生物,在发酵增殖的过程中易产生乳酸或丙酸等副产物,因此,在获取益生菌高活菌数的发酵过程中,这些酸类副产物的浓度将逐渐提高,会降低发酵液的pH值,导致益生菌生长增殖缓慢甚至死亡,最终无法达到预期的高活菌数的工艺要求。在此基础上,本申请的优选情况下,步骤(1)中所述含有益生菌的发酵菌泥的制备过程包括:将所述益生菌的菌种进行发酵培养得到发酵液,将所述发酵液进行固液分离,其中,所述发酵培养过程中控制发酵液培养基的pH恒定并流加碳源。
示例性地,所述发酵液培养基的pH的恒定范围为4.0-6.5;进一步优选为4.5-5,或者为5-5.5,或者为5.5-6.0;所述控制所述发酵液培养基的pH恒定采用向所述发酵液培养基中添加缓冲物的方式,所述缓冲物选自碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸氢二钠和氨水中的至少一种,以中和益生菌发酵过程中产生的酸性副产物;流加碳源一方面能够保障益生菌发酵增殖过程中的合适的碳氮比条件,另一方面通过不断滴加的碳源来稀释中和酸性副产物所产生的盐,以防止过多的盐类物质使发酵液的渗透压升高限制益生菌的正常生长繁殖,具体地,碳源可以采用各种浓度的葡萄糖-水溶液。
本发明对所述发酵液进行固液分离也没有特殊的限定,能够将益生菌的发酵菌泥从发酵液中分离出即可。优选情况下,所述固液分离采用管道式离心分离,所述固液分离的温度为4-10℃。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,有利于提高益生菌发酵菌泥的分离效率,同时减少对益生菌细胞的破坏。
根据本发明,所述益生菌选自鼠李糖乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、两歧双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌中的至少一种。
根据本发明,步骤(2)中所述制冷介质为液氮和/或液态二氧化碳。优选情况下,将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料的过程包括:在喷淋设备内鼓风的条件下,将所述混合料从喷淋设备的入口端输入,并经所述喷淋设备输送至所述喷淋设备的出口端,所述制冷介质置于所述喷淋设备内靠近所述出口端的一侧,所述制冷介质的喷淋方向、所述鼓风的方向分别与所述混合料的输送方向相反,所述混合料在所述喷淋设备内的输送时间、所述制冷介质的喷淋量与所述混合料的体积比和所述鼓风的风速相配合,以使得所述混合料能够最迟在到达所述喷淋设备的出口端时冻结。所述混合料在所述喷淋设备内的输送时间可以通过根据混合料在喷淋设备内的传输长度,设置混合料的传输速率来控制。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,不仅能够实现错流的工艺过程,有利于提高对益生菌细胞进行冻结的换热效率,而且能够使得益生菌菌泥与喷淋设备内温度较低的空气先接触达到预冷的效果,然后再与喷淋的制冷介质直接接触,以实现快速冻结,同时益生菌菌泥在制冷介质的极低温度环境下停留时间短,有效提高益生菌在冷冻过程中的存活率。
示例性地,所述混合料在所述喷淋设备内的输送时间为5-8min、所述制冷介质的喷淋量与所述混合料的体积比为1.5-3:1,所述鼓风的风速为0.5-3m/s。
根据本发明,步骤(2)中所述真空干燥的条件至少满足:真空度为10-150Pa、温度不高于50℃;优选为温度不高于30℃。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,配合保护剂和水分活度调节剂,能够大幅度降低益生菌细胞在干燥过程中的死亡率。
根据本发明,所述步骤(1)和所述步骤(2)均在无菌条件下进行。发明人发现,在该优选的具体实施方式下,能够有效避免益生菌中引入杂质菌体,提高益生菌的食品安全性能。
第二方面,本发明提供了由上述方法制得的益生菌冻干粉。优选情况下,所述益生菌冻干粉的水分活度不高于0.5、活菌数不低于106cfu/g;进一步优选地,所述益生菌冻干粉的水分活度不高于0.1、活菌数不低于108cfu/g。
第三方面,本发明提供了上述的益生菌冻干粉在健康食品中的应用,所述健康食品优选为调制乳粉、固体饮料、压片糖果、酸奶、软胶囊或者凝胶糖果。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。以下实施例中,活菌含量通过GB4789.34、GB4789.35的方法测得,水分活度通过GB5009.238的方法测得;保加利亚乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌分别购自丹尼斯克公司,其他原料均为市售的食品级原料。
在没有特别说明的情况下,所述室温为25±5℃。
实施例1
(1)配制益生菌发酵培养基:20吨主发酵罐,投料体积80%
乳糖0.8%、葡萄糖4.5%、蛋白胨0.6%、酵母膏1.6%、柠檬酸氢二铵0.3%、磷酸氢二钾0.25%、硫酸镁0.5%,其余为自来水,调节pH为6.5,配好后121℃灭菌30min,冷却备用;
(2)在无菌条件下,将保加利亚乳杆菌的菌种按照5%的接种量接入步骤(1)的发酵培养基中,在温度为35℃、转速为50rpm的条件下培养20h得到发酵液,发酵培养过程中滴加20%氨水以控制发酵培养基的pH值恒定在5.5,并分批补充葡萄糖质量分数为17wt%的葡萄糖液以保持发酵液中还原糖浓度为0.6-2wt%,将发酵液在温度为6℃的条件下进行管道式离心分离,得到益生菌的发酵菌泥;
(3)在无菌条件下,将步骤(2)得到的益生菌的发酵菌泥与保护剂、水分活度调节剂以质量比为50:2:1进行混合得到混合料,其中,保护剂中渗透性保护剂为甘油和核糖,非渗透性保护剂为海藻糖,渗透性保护剂与非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:20,水分活度调节剂为山梨糖醇和柠檬酸钠(质量比为1:1);
(4)在无菌条件下,喷淋设备内的风速设置为2m/s,将步骤(3)得到的混合料从喷淋设备的入口端输入,并经喷淋设备输送至喷淋设备的出口端,液氮置于喷淋设备内靠近出口端的一侧,液氮的喷淋方向、鼓风的方向分别与混合料的输送方向相反,控制混合料在喷淋设备内的输送时间为6min、液氮的喷淋量与混合料的体积比为1.8:1,使得混合料能够在到达喷淋设备的出口端前冻结,再将混合料在真空度为80Pa、温度为25℃的条件下进行真空干燥,得到益生菌冻干粉。
实施例2
(1)配制益生菌发酵培养基:20吨主发酵罐,投料体积80%
乳糖1%、葡萄糖4.3%、蛋白胨0.6%、酵母膏1.8%、柠檬酸氢二铵0.3%、磷酸氢二钾0.25%、硫酸镁0.5%,其余为自来水,调节pH为6.5,配好后121℃灭菌30min,冷却备用;
(2)在无菌条件下,将两歧双歧杆菌的菌种按照5%的接种量接入步骤(1)的发酵培养基中,在温度为37℃、转速为50rpm的条件下培养24h得到发酵液,发酵培养过程中添加碳酸钠溶液以控制发酵培养基的pH值恒定在6.0,并分批补充葡萄糖质量分数为17wt%的葡萄糖液以保持发酵液中还原糖浓度为0.6-2wt%,将发酵液在温度为6℃的条件下进行管道式离心分离,得到益生菌的发酵菌泥;
(3)在无菌条件下,将步骤(2)得到的益生菌的发酵菌泥与保护剂、水分活度调节剂以质量比为80:3:1进行混合得到混合料,其中,保护剂中渗透性保护剂为核糖和麦芽糖,非渗透性保护剂为聚乙二醇和脱脂奶粉,渗透性保护剂与非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:30,水分活度调节剂为木糖醇;
(4)在无菌条件下,喷淋设备内的风速设置为3m/s,将步骤(3)得到的混合料从喷淋设备的入口端输入,并经喷淋设备输送至喷淋设备的出口端,液态二氧化碳置于喷淋设备内靠近出口端的一侧,液态二氧化碳的喷淋方向、鼓风的方向分别与混合料的输送方向相反,控制混合料在喷淋设备内的输送时间为8min、液态二氧化碳的喷淋量与混合料的体积比为3:1,使得混合料能够在到达喷淋设备的出口端前冻结,再将混合料在真空度为150Pa、温度为25℃的条件下进行真空干燥,得到益生菌冻干粉。
实施例3
(1)配制益生菌发酵培养基:20吨主发酵罐,投料体积80%
乳糖1%、葡萄糖4.5%、蛋白胨0.7%、酵母膏2%、柠檬酸氢二铵0.3%、磷酸氢二钾0.25%、硫酸镁0.5%,其余为自来水,调节pH为6.5,配好后121℃灭菌30min,冷却备用;
(2)在无菌条件下,将保加利亚乳杆菌的菌种按照5%的接种量接入步骤(1)的发酵培养基中,在温度为37℃、转速为50rpm的条件下培养28h得到发酵液,发酵培养过程中添加质量分数为3wt%的氢氧化钠溶液以控制发酵培养基的pH值恒定在6.5,并分批补充葡萄糖质量分数为17wt%的葡萄糖液以保持发酵液中还原糖浓度为0.6-2wt%,将发酵液在温度为6℃的条件下进行管道式离心分离,得到益生菌的发酵菌泥;
(3)在无菌条件下,将步骤(2)得到的益生菌的发酵菌泥与保护剂、水分活度调节剂以质量比为30:1:1进行混合得到混合料,其中,保护剂中渗透性保护剂为麦芽糖,非渗透性保护剂为海藻糖和脱脂奶粉,渗透性保护剂与非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:8,水分活度调节剂为赤藓糖醇和三聚磷酸钠(质量比为1:1);
(4)在无菌条件下,喷淋设备内的风速设置为0.8m/s,将步骤(3)得到的混合料从喷淋设备的入口端输入,并经喷淋设备输送至喷淋设备的出口端,液氮置于喷淋设备内靠近出口端的一侧,液氮的喷淋方向、鼓风的方向分别与混合料的输送方向相反,控制混合料在喷淋设备内的输送时间为5min、液氮的喷淋量与混合料的体积比为1.5:1,使得混合料能够在到达喷淋设备的出口端前冻结,再将混合料在真空度为10Pa、温度为25℃的条件下进行真空干燥,得到益生菌冻干粉。
实施例4
按照实施例3的方法制备益生菌冻干粉,不同的是,步骤(2)中发酵培养过程中不添加氢氧化钠溶液控制发酵培养基的pH值恒定,不分批补充葡萄糖液。
实施例5
按照实施例3的方法制备益生菌冻干粉,不同的是,步骤(4)中喷淋设备内液氮的喷淋方向与混合料的输送方向相反,鼓风的方向与混合料的输送方向相同。
实施例6
按照实施例3的方法制备益生菌冻干粉,不同的是,步骤(4)中喷淋设备内不进行鼓风。
实施例7
按照实施例3的方法制备益生菌冻干粉,不同的是,步骤(3)中渗透性保护剂与非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:1,步骤(4)中真空干燥的温度为45℃。
实施例8
按照实施例3的方法制备益生菌冻干粉,不同的是,步骤(3)中益生菌的发酵菌泥、保护剂和水分活度调节剂的质量比为20:1:1。
对比例1
按照实施例3的方法制备益生菌冻干粉,不同的是,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)得到的混合料滴入液氮中速冻3min,得到益生菌冻干粉。
对比例2
(1)配制益生菌发酵培养基:乳糖1.5%、葡萄糖3.5%、蛋白胨0.35%、酵母膏2%、柠檬酸氢二铵0.06%、磷酸氢二钾0.4%、硫酸镁0.35%,其余为自来水,调节pH为6,配好后121℃灭菌30min,冷却备用;
(2)在无菌条件下,将两歧双歧杆菌的菌种按照5%的接种量接入步骤(1)的发酵培养基中,在温度为37℃、转速为40rpm的条件下培养10h得到发酵液,将发酵液在温度为4℃的条件下进行管道式离心分离,得到益生菌的发酵菌泥;
(3)冻干保护剂的制备:
A、冻干保护剂的组分包括:脱脂乳粉3wt%、谷氨酸钠2.5wt%、海藻糖6.5wt%、麦芽糖醇3.5wt%、聚葡萄糖15wt%、步骤(3)发酵浓缩产生的发酵废液69.5wt%;
B、将上述组分按照配比溶解分散于水中,并在温度60℃条件下搅拌15min,升温至121℃保温杀菌30分钟,然后降温至4℃,即得冻干保护剂;
(4)把步骤(2)得到的发酵菌泥与步骤(3)得到的冻干保护剂按照重量比1:1的比例混合,置于冷冻干燥机中进行冷冻干燥处理,冻干的真空度为50Pa、冻干温度为-60℃、冻干时间为45h,得到冻干物料;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的冻干物料置于球磨机腔体中,腔体密闭下抽真空,真空度为-0.09MPa,然后喷入液氮,冻干物料与液氮的质量体积比例为1:3,得到益生菌冻干粉。
测试例
测试实施例1-实施例8和对比例1-对比例2的发酵菌泥中的活菌含量,制得的益生菌冻干粉中的活菌含量及水分活度,制得的益生菌冻干粉在常温下存放3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、18个月后的活菌含量及水分活度,结果见表1至表6。
表1发酵菌泥中活菌数和制得的冻干粉中活菌数、存活率及水分活度
表2冻干粉保存3个月后的活菌数、存活率及水分活度
编号 | 冻干粉中活菌数(cfu/g) | 存活率(%) | 水分活度 |
实施例1 | 4.38×109 | 99.3 | 0.071 |
实施例2 | 5.01×1010 | 99.5 | 0.067 |
实施例3 | 6.55×1011 | 99.8 | 0.059 |
实施例4 | 3.57×106 | 98.9 | 0.071 |
实施例5 | 5.75×1011 | 99.3 | 0.068 |
实施例6 | 5.50×1011 | 99.3 | 0.083 |
实施例7 | 4.89×1011 | 99.1 | 0.094 |
实施例8 | 4.41×1011 | 99.0 | 0.102 |
对比例1 | 3.04×1011 | 96.8 | 0.149 |
对比例2 | 1.95×106 | 95.6 | 0.259 |
表3冻干粉保存6个月后的活菌数、存活率及水分活度
编号 | 冻干粉中活菌数(cfu/g) | 存活率(%) | 水分活度 |
实施例1 | 4.37×109 | 99 | 0.078 |
实施例2 | 5×1010 | 99.2 | 0.079 |
实施例3 | 6.53×1011 | 99.5 | 0.061 |
实施例4 | 3.55×106 | 98.3 | 0.069 |
实施例5 | 5.74×1011 | 99.1 | 0.079 |
实施例6 | 5.50×1011 | 99.2 | 0.086 |
实施例7 | 4.89×1011 | 99 | 0.096 |
实施例8 | 4.42×1011 | 99.1 | 0.103 |
对比例1 | 2.99×1011 | 94.3 | 0.153 |
对比例2 | 1.92×106 | 94.1 | 0.26 |
表4冻干粉保存9个月后的活菌数、存活率及水分活度
编号 | 冻干粉中活菌数(cfu/g) | 存活率(%) | 水分活度 |
实施例1 | 4.28×109 | 97 | 0.073 |
实施例2 | 4.90×1010 | 97.2 | 0.069 |
实施例3 | 6.45×1011 | 98.3 | 0.048 |
实施例4 | 3.48×106 | 96.4 | 0.058 |
实施例5 | 5.59×1011 | 96.5 | 0.071 |
实施例6 | 5.33×1011 | 96.2 | 0.076 |
实施例7 | 4.73×1011 | 95.8 | 0.085 |
实施例8 | 4.25×1011 | 95.3 | 0.09 |
对比例1 | 2.81×1011 | 89.5 | 0.13 |
对比例2 | 1.81×106 | 90 | 0.24 |
表5冻干粉保存12个月后的活菌数、存活率及水分活度
编号 | 冻干粉中活菌数(cfu/g) | 存活率(%) | 水分活度 |
实施例1 | 4.20×109 | 95.3 | 0.071 |
实施例2 | 4.80×1010 | 95.3 | 0.065 |
实施例3 | 6.33×1011 | 96.5 | 0.043 |
实施例4 | 3.43×106 | 95 | 0.055 |
实施例5 | 5.55×1011 | 95.8 | 0.066 |
实施例6 | 5.31×1011 | 95.8 | 0.068 |
实施例7 | 4.7×1011 | 95.1 | 0.073 |
实施例8 | 4.29×1011 | 96.2 | 0.088 |
对比例1 | 2.72×1011 | 86.6 | 0.13 |
对比例2 | 1.75×106 | 85.8 | 0.23 |
表6冻干粉保存18个月后的活菌数、存活率及水分活度
编号 | 冻干粉中活菌数(cfu/g) | 存活率(%) | 水分活度 |
实施例1 | 4.17×109 | 94.5 | 0.070 |
实施例2 | 4.75×1010 | 94.2 | 0.064 |
实施例3 | 6.25×1011 | 95.3 | 0.045 |
实施例4 | 3.38×106 | 93.6 | 0.054 |
实施例5 | 5.44×1011 | 93.9 | 0.061 |
实施例6 | 5.16×1011 | 93.1 | 0.064 |
实施例7 | 4.57×1011 | 92.5 | 0.073 |
实施例8 | 4.18×1011 | 93.7 | 0.083 |
对比例1 | 2.49×1011 | 79.3 | 0.14 |
对比例2 | 1.55×106 | 76 | 0.23 |
通过表1的结果可以看出,实施例1至实施例8采用本发明提供的制备方法制得的益生菌冻干粉,益生菌的存活率明显高于对比例1和对比例2制得的益生菌冻干粉;通过表2-表6的结果可以看出,实施例1至实施例8由于采用了水分活度的保护措施,使得制得的益生菌冻干粉在保存期内的存活率明显高于对比例1和对比例2。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种制备益生菌冻干粉的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)提供含有益生菌的发酵菌泥、保护剂和水分活度调节剂的混合料;
(2)将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料以使得所述混合料冻结,并真空干燥;
其中,将制冷介质喷淋至所述混合料的过程包括:在喷淋设备内鼓风的条件下,将所述混合料从喷淋设备的入口端输入,并经所述喷淋设备输送至所述喷淋设备的出口端,所述制冷介质置于所述喷淋设备内靠近所述出口端的一侧,所述制冷介质的喷淋方向、所述鼓风的方向分别与所述混合料的输送方向相反,所述混合料在所述喷淋设备内的输送时间、所述制冷介质的喷淋量与所述混合料的体积比和所述鼓风的风速相配合,以使得所述混合料能够最迟在到达所述喷淋设备的出口端时冻结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述保护剂含有渗透性保护剂和非渗透性保护剂,所述渗透性保护剂选自甘油、核糖和麦芽糖中的至少一种,所述非渗透性保护剂选自海藻糖、聚乙二醇和脱脂奶粉中的至少一种;
所述渗透性保护剂与所述非渗透性保护剂的质量比为1:8-30。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水分活度调节剂选自聚葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、柠檬酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述益生菌的发酵菌泥、所述保护剂和所述水分活度调节剂的质量比为30-80:1-3:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述含有益生菌的发酵菌泥的制备过程包括:将所述益生菌的菌种进行发酵培养得到发酵液,将所述发酵液进行固液分离,其中,所述发酵培养过程中控制发酵液培养基的pH恒定并流加碳源。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵液培养基的pH的恒定范围为4.0-6.5。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述发酵液培养基的pH恒定采用向所述发酵液培养基中添加缓冲物的方式,所述缓冲物选自碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸氢二钠和氨水中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述固液分离采用管道式离心分离,所述固液分离的温度为4-10℃。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述益生菌选自鼠李糖乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、两歧双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述制冷介质为液氮和/或液态二氧化碳。
11.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述真空干燥的条件至少满足:真空度为10-150Pa、温度不高于50℃。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述真空干燥的温度不高于30℃。
13.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)和所述步骤(2)均在无菌条件下进行。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任意一项所述的方法制得的益生菌冻干粉。
15.根据权利要求14所述的益生菌冻干粉,其特征在于,所述益生菌冻干粉的水分活度不高于0.5、活菌数不低于106cfu/g。
16.根据权利要求15所述的益生菌冻干粉,其特征在于,所述益生菌冻干粉的水分活度不高于0.1、活菌数不低于108cfu/g。
17.权利要求14-16中任意一项所述的益生菌冻干粉在健康食品中的应用。
18.根据权利要求17所述的应用,其特征在于,所述健康食品为调制乳粉、固体饮料、压片糖果、酸奶、软胶囊或者凝胶糖果。
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