CN112547117B - 一种用于等离子体驱动条件下常温nh3选择性催化还原no的催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于等离子体驱动条件下常温nh3选择性催化还原no的催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910016978 MnOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于低温等离子体NH3选择性催化还原过程的催化剂及其制备方法,应用于在低温条件下以等离子体驱动的氨或含氨物质催化还原脱硝过程。该催化剂为MnOx/分子筛复合氧化物,制备方法是使硝酸锰和高锰酸钾在多孔分子筛内外表面共沉淀产生氧化锰,再经干燥和焙烧制得。本发明将MnOx和多孔分子筛结合起来,显著降低低温等离子体起晕电压,减少NO2的产生,有效提高了低温等离子体驱动催化脱硝效率,降低反应能耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境技术领域,特别涉及一种用于低温等离子体NH3选择性催化还原过程的催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,工业污染和汽车尾气的排放量的增加使得氮氧化物的大气排放量增加。NOx现在是主要的大气主要污染物之一,对人体的健康产生了严重的危害。目前主要的治理方法有选择性催化还原和选择性非催化还原。选择性非催化还原在850 ~ 1100℃的区间进行,且不用催化剂,效率约为30~50%,成本低廉。SCR适用温度范围较广,分为300~350℃高温,300~350℃中温和<150℃低温三种技术。高温SCR较成熟,通常运用在电厂、锅炉等稳定工况下,是目前运用最多的脱硝办法。中温和低温SCR催化剂性能不稳定,在工业应用方面颇有挑战。在这种境况下,适用于低温条件下的其他NOx治理技术不断地被研究,而低温等离子体驱动催化剂脱硝显示众多优点。
低温等离子可通过气体放电和电离辐射方法产生,并在等离子体产生过程中,生成各种电子,自由基,激发态分子和原子,正离子和负离子。所形成的等离子体中含有很高的能量,对其他物质具有高度化学反应性。有学者研究发现低温等离子可以在促使NH3或有机物等与NOx发生还原反应,并且适合的催化剂可以加速该反应的进行。表1为部分学者外关于等离子体脱硝的相关研究。
表1国内外关于等离子体脱硝的相关研究
从表1可以看见,以烷烃为还原剂,即使在有催化剂的条件下NOx的还原反应温度也较高。以氨和醇为还原剂可以实现较低温度下的NOx还原反应。我们在CN201910353154.1中发现等离子体驱动条件下MnOx和镍氧化物催化剂可以在低温、甚至常温下有效催化NOx与NH3的还原反应。进一步地,我们又发现,将MnOx直接生成在多孔催化剂内外表面,特别是分子筛内外表面,也能够在等离子体的驱动下,于低温,甚至常温下有效催化NOx与NH3的还原反应,同时显著降低等离子体发生电压,从而避免NO2产生,脱硝效率高。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于低温等离子体驱动条件下,低温甚至常温NH3选择性催化还原NO的催化剂及其制备方法,应用于低温或常温尾气或烟气,在等离子体驱动下,NH3将NOx还原为N2。
本发明所述的脱硝催化剂是MnOx和多孔分子筛复合氧化物催化剂,制备方法如下述技术方案实现:
(1)采用等体积浸渍法将硝酸锰溶液完全被分子筛吸收后干燥;
(2)将上述分子筛浸入等体积的高锰酸钾溶液中,然后进行超声操作,在一定温度和搅拌条件下蒸干,待反应完全之后,将负载了MnOx的分子筛完全干燥,焙烧,得到MnOx复合催化剂。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:高锰酸钾与硝酸锰的摩尔比为1:1~1:2,MnOx与分子筛的质量比为1:3~1:6。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:步骤(2)所述的超声强度为200~600W,超声时间为0.5~1.5h。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:步骤(2)所述的反应温度为70~90˚C,步骤(1)和(2)所述的烘干温度90~110˚C,烘干时间5~12h,焙烧温度300~700˚C,焙烧3~6h。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:该催化剂用于低于130℃的气态NOx的NH3选择性催化还原过程。
本发明具有以下优势:
本发明实现了MnOx在多孔分子筛内外表面共沉淀,降低了等离子体放电的起晕电压,减少了脱硝反应过程中的NO2的产生,总体上降低了NOx的脱除效率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取20g的5A分子筛浸入等体积的浓度为0.3mol/L的硝酸锰溶液中,待5A分子筛将溶液完全吸收之后于90℃烘8h,再将上述产物再次浸入等体积的浓度为0.2mol/L的高锰酸钾中,施加超声波300W,60min,然后在90℃下搅拌、蒸干,之后将复合MnOx/5A 催化剂于100℃烘干,然后在有氧环境下,400℃焙烧3h,得到MnOx/分子筛复合催化剂。
在同轴式圆柱形介质阻挡放电反应器中进行催化剂活性测试,反应器为MnOx与分子筛的质量比为1:3~1:6。石英材质,内径12mm,中心插入一直径为3mm的不锈钢电极,石英管外壁细密缠绕铜丝。不锈钢电极为高压极,铜丝接地。反应器电源为正弦交流电,最高可以提供3万伏特电压。催化剂置于石英反应器石英砂芯上,催化剂量完全处于放电反应区。向反应区内通入1.11L/min的混合气体,其组成为536mg/m3NO,266mg/m3NH3,8%O2,N2为平衡气,相应空速为8375h-1。将气体通入反应器、达到稳定状态后,开始施加电压,在1.1kV时即开始起晕,在电压为4.5kV时,NOx去除率达到86%,能耗为259J/L。
实施例2
取20g的5A分子筛浸入等体积的浓度为0.3mol/L的硝酸锰溶液中,待5A分子筛将溶液完全吸收之后于90℃烘8h,再将上述产物再次浸入等体积的浓度为0.2mol/L的高锰酸钾中,施加超声波300W,60min,然后在90℃下搅拌、蒸干,之后将复合MnOx/5A 催化剂于100℃烘干,然后在有氧环境下,400℃焙烧3h,得到MnOx/分子筛复合催化剂。
在同轴式圆柱形介质阻挡放电反应器中进行催化剂活性测试,反应器为石英材质,内径15mm,中心插入一直径为3mm的不锈钢电极,石英管外壁细密缠绕铜丝。不锈钢电极为高压极,铜丝接地。反应器电源为正弦交流电,最高可以提供3万伏特电压。催化剂置于石英反应器石英砂芯上,催化剂量完全处于放电反应区。向反应区内通入1.11L/min的混合气体,其组成为536mg/m3NO,266mg/m3NH3,8%O2,N2为平衡气,相应空速为5859 h-1。将气体通入反应器、达到稳定状态后,开始施加电压,在1.7kV时即开始起晕,在电压为5.0kV时,NOx去除率达到85%,能耗为360J/L。
实施例3
取20g 的5A分子筛浸入等体积的浓度为0.2mol/L的硝酸锰溶液中,待5A分子筛将溶液完全吸收之后于90℃烘8h,再将上述产物再次浸入等体积的浓度为0.2mol/L的高锰酸钾中,施加超声波300W,60min,然后在90℃下搅拌、蒸干,之后将复合MnOx/5A 催化剂于100℃烘干,然后在有氧环境下,500℃焙烧3h,得到MnOx/分子筛复合催化剂。
在同轴式圆柱形介质阻挡放电反应器中进行催化剂活性测试,反应器为石英材质,内径15mm,中心插入一直径为3mm的不锈钢电极,石英管外壁细密缠绕铜丝。不锈钢电极为高压极,铜丝接地。反应器电源为正弦交流电,最高可以提供3万伏特电压。催化剂置于石英反应器石英砂芯上,催化剂量完全处于放电反应区。向反应区内通入1.11L/min的混合气体,其组成为536mg/m3NO,266mg/m3NH3,8%O2,N2为平衡气,相应空速为5859 h-1。将气体通入反应器、达到稳定状态后,开始施加电压,在1.7kV时即开始起晕,在电压为5.0kV时,NOx去除率达到79%,能耗为419J/L。
以上实验表明,催化剂MnOx/分子筛对低温等离子体驱动催化脱硝过程性能较好。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于低温等离子体NH3选择性催化还原过程的催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述催化剂是MnOx和多孔分子筛复合氧化物催化剂:
所述催化剂通过下述步骤制备得到:
(1)采用等体积浸渍法将硝酸锰溶液完全被分子筛吸收后烘干;
(2)将负载了硝酸锰的分子筛浸入等体积的高锰酸钾溶液中,超声,然后在温度下搅拌蒸干,使硝酸锰和高锰酸钾在分子筛上反应生成MnOx,待两者反应完全之后,将负载了MnOx的分子筛取出,完全干燥,300-700℃焙烧3-6h,得到MnOx复合催化剂;
其中,所述高锰酸钾与硝酸锰的摩尔比为1:1-1:2,MnOx与分子筛的质量比为1:3-1:6;
所述催化剂应用于低温或常温尾气或烟气,在等离子体驱动下,NH3将NOx还原为N2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于步骤(2)所述超声的强度为200-600W,所述超声的时间为0.5-1.5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于步骤(2)所述反应的温度为70-90℃,步骤(1)所述烘干的温度90-110℃,所述烘干的时间5-12h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所述催化剂用于低于130℃的气态NOx的NH3选择性催化还原过程。
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