CN112544794A - Device and method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using food waste - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using food waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112544794A CN112544794A CN202011443479.8A CN202011443479A CN112544794A CN 112544794 A CN112544794 A CN 112544794A CN 202011443479 A CN202011443479 A CN 202011443479A CN 112544794 A CN112544794 A CN 112544794A
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- food waste
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/005—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for shaping by moulding, extrusion, pressing, e.g. pellet-mills
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/007—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for mixing feeding-stuff components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/04—Filters; Permeable or porous membranes or plates, e.g. dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using food waste, which comprises a feed pool for containing the food waste to prepare the feed, a feed pool cover which is sealed and combined on the feed pool, a fertilizer pool which is communicated with the feed pool and is used for containing excrement to prepare the fertilizer, a fertilizer pool cover which is sealed and combined on the fertilizer pool, and a squeezing mechanism which is used for stretching into the feed pool and is used for squeezing final fermented products in the feed pool, wherein the bottom of the feed pool is provided with a liquid discharge pipeline communicated with the fertilizer pool, the feed pool cover is provided with a crushing and mixing mechanism which is used for crushing and mixing the food waste, a ventilation mechanism which is stretched into the bottom of the feed pool and is used for introducing oxygen into the bottom of the feed pool, and a feeding mechanism which is used for feeding biological enzyme and fermentation strains into the feed pool, fermentation liquid in the final fermented products is pressed into the fertilizer pool by the squeezing mechanism, so that the squeezed final fermented products in the feed pool are dried to prepare, and the fermentation liquor and the excrement in the fertilizer tank are fermented to prepare the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food waste treatment equipment, in particular to a device and a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by fermenting food waste.
Background
On the earth where people live, household garbage is generated in minutes, seconds and seconds. With the progress of human beings, particularly the improvement of living standard and living quality, the generated household garbage is increased day by day. For the dry garbage in the household garbage, the rest dry garbage can be treated in a landfill mode or an incineration mode and the like except for recycling. For the treatment of wet garbage in domestic garbage, such as food waste, China is only in the stage of digging and burying at present. Most of wet landfills adopt simple landfilling treatment modes, so that environmental management in treatment is ignored. Secondary pollution conditions such as air pollution, water source pollution and the like caused by wet garbage landfill are extremely serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by fermenting food waste, which aim to solve the technical problem that the existing landfill treatment of the food waste pollutes the atmosphere and water sources.
According to one aspect of the invention, the device for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the food waste comprises a feed tank for containing the food waste to prepare the feed, a feed tank cover which is sealed and matched on the feed tank, a fertilizer tank which is communicated with the feed tank and is used for containing the excrement to prepare the fertilizer, a fertilizer tank cover which is sealed and matched on the fertilizer tank, and a squeezing mechanism which is used for stretching into the feed tank and is used for squeezing final fermented products in the feed tank, wherein the bottom of the feed tank is provided with a liquid discharge pipeline communicated with the fertilizer tank, the feed tank cover is provided with a crushing and mixing mechanism which is used for crushing and mixing the food waste, a ventilating mechanism which is stretched into the bottom of the feed tank and a feeding mechanism which is used for feeding biological enzyme and fermentation strains into the feed tank, and fermentation liquid in the final fermented products is forced to the fertilizer tank by the squeezing mechanism, the final fermentation product after squeezing in the feed pool is dried to prepare feed, and the fermentation liquid and the excrement in the fertilizer pool are fermented to prepare the fertilizer.
Furthermore, the feed pool and the fertilizer pool are buried in the ground layer, the burying depth of the fertilizer pool is deeper than that of the feed pool, and the height of a liquid inlet, connected with the liquid drainage pipeline, on the fertilizer pool is lower than that of a liquid outlet, connected with the liquid drainage pipeline, on the feed pool.
Furthermore, a filter screen is arranged on a liquid outlet which is connected with the liquid drainage pipeline on the feed tank.
Furthermore, broken mixing mechanism is including installing the rotation motor on the fodder pond lid, with the output shaft of rotation motor and stretching into the axis of rotation in the fodder pond, install crushing blade on the axis of rotation and install the puddler in the axis of rotation.
Further, the ventilation mechanism comprises a ventilation pipeline which is arranged on the feed pool cover and extends into the bottom of the feed pool and an air inlet valve which is arranged on the ventilation pipeline, and oxygen is sent into different areas at the bottom of the feed pool through the ventilation pipelines.
Furthermore, a first solar heating mechanism is arranged on the feed pool cover; and a second solar heating mechanism is arranged on the fertilizer pool cover.
Further, the first solar heating mechanism comprises a first double-layer vacuum glass plate arranged on the feed pool cover, and an absorption coating for absorbing radiant heat is coated on the inner wall surface of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the temperature in the feed pool is increased; the second solar heating mechanism comprises a second double-layer vacuum glass plate arranged on the fertilizer pool cover, and an absorption coating for absorbing radiant heat is coated on the inner wall surface of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the temperature in the fertilizer pool is increased.
Furthermore, a first shading mechanism for adjusting the light receiving area of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the feed pool cover; and a second shading mechanism for adjusting the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the fertilizer pool cover.
Furthermore, the first shading mechanism comprises a first rotating motor arranged on the feed pool cover and a first shading plate connected with an output shaft of the first rotating motor, and the first shading plate is driven by the first rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the position above the first double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed; the second shading mechanism comprises a second rotating motor arranged on the fertilizer pool cover and a second shading plate connected with an output shaft of the second rotating motor, and the second shading plate is driven by the second rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the position above the second double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste, the above apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste comprising the steps of: placing the food waste into a feed pool, covering a feed cover, and starting a crushing and mixing mechanism to crush the food waste; adding the wheat bran and the rice bran softened by water into a feed pool, covering the feed pool, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism to uniformly mix the wheat bran, the rice bran and the crushed food waste in the feed pool, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat bran, the rice bran and the fruit residue is (6-8): (2-4): 1-2), so as to obtain a mixture; adding cellulase and/or pectinase into the feed pool through the feeding mechanism, starting the crushing and mixing mechanism to uniformly mix the mixture with the cellulase and/or pectinase, preserving heat, and performing primary fermentation to obtain a first fermentation product; starting a ventilation mechanism to introduce air into the feed pool, adding at least two fermentation strains of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger into the feed pool through a feeding mechanism, covering the feed cover, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism to uniformly mix the first fermentation product and the fermentation strains, preserving heat, and performing secondary fermentation to obtain a second fermentation product; starting a squeezing mechanism to squeeze the second fermentation product, so that the fermentation liquid in the second fermentation product is pressed into a fertilizer pool; taking the squeezed second fermentation product out of the feed pool, and drying to obtain feed; adding excrement into the fertilizer pool, enabling the excrement and the fermentation liquor to form a mixed solution with the water content of 45% -48%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.3-7.8; and (3) after 2-3 days of anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the mixed liquid in the fertilizer pool, opening a ventilation mechanism to convey oxygen into the fertilizer pool from a liquid discharge pipeline, entering an aerobic fermentation mode, after 18-24 hours of ventilation, closing the ventilation mechanism, and repeating the anaerobic fermentation mode and the aerobic fermentation mode for 2 times to obtain the fertilizer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the device for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by fermenting the food waste, the food waste is placed in the feed pool, the food fertilizer is crushed by the crushing and mixing mechanism, the wheat bran and the rice bran softened by water are added into the feed pool, and the crushing and mixing mechanism is started to crush the food waste; thereby obtaining a mixture; the biological enzyme and the zymophyte are put into the feed tank through the feeding mechanism for fermentation, so that a final fermented product is obtained, the final fermented product is squeezed through the squeezing mechanism, so that the fermentation liquor in the final fermented product is pressed into the fertilizer tank, the squeezed final fermented product in the feed tank is dried to prepare the feed, and the fermentation liquor in the final fermented product is fermented with the excrement in the fertilizer tank to prepare the fertilizer.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic configuration view of an apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a feed reservoir; 2. a feed pool cover; 3. a fertilizer tank; 4. a fertilizer pool cover; 5. a crushing and mixing mechanism; 6. a ventilation mechanism; 7. a liquid discharge conduit; 8. a first solar heating mechanism; 9. a second solar heating mechanism; 10. a first light shielding mechanism; 11. and a second light shielding mechanism.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration view of an apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer by using food waste of this embodiment comprises a fodder pool 1 for containing food waste to prepare fodder, a fodder pool cover 2 hermetically sealed on the fodder pool 1, a fertilizer pool 3 communicated with the fodder pool 1 for containing manure to prepare fertilizer, a fertilizer pool cover 4 hermetically sealed on the fertilizer pool 3, and a squeezing mechanism extending into the fodder pool 1 for squeezing final fermented product in the fodder pool 1, wherein a liquid discharge pipe 7 communicated with the fertilizer pool 3 is arranged at the bottom of the fodder pool 1, a crushing and mixing mechanism 5 for crushing and mixing food waste, a ventilation mechanism 6 extending into the bottom of the fodder pool 1 for introducing oxygen into the fodder pool 1, and a feeding mechanism for feeding bio-enzyme and fermentation strain into the fodder pool 1 are arranged on the fodder pool cover 2, and fermentation liquid in the final fermented product is forced into the fertilizer pool 3 by the squeezing mechanism, the final fermentation product after squeezing in the feed pool 1 is dried to prepare feed, and the fermentation liquor and the excrement in the fertilizer pool 3 are fermented to prepare fertilizer.
The feeding mechanism comprises a sub-cover arranged on the feed pool cover 2 and a control component for controlling the sub-cover to turn over and cover. The addition of the biological enzyme and the fermentation strain is less, the feed pool cover 2 does not need to be opened, and only the opening of the sub-cover needs to be controlled.
Both the feed pool 1 and the fertilizer pool 3 are buried in the ground layer, the burying depth of the fertilizer pool 3 is deeper than that of the feed pool 1, and the height of a liquid inlet on the fertilizer pool 3, which is connected with the liquid drainage pipeline 7, is lower than that of a liquid outlet on the feed pool 1, which is connected with the liquid drainage pipeline 7. The mixed liquid in the fertilizer pool 3 is prevented from flowing back to the feed pool 1. A filter screen is arranged on a liquid outlet which is connected with the liquid drainage pipeline 7 on the feed tank 1.
The crushing and mixing mechanism 5 comprises a rotating motor arranged on the feed tank cover 2, a rotating shaft connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor and extending into the feed tank 1, a crushing blade arranged on the rotating shaft and a stirring rod arranged on the rotating shaft.
The ventilation mechanism 6 comprises a ventilation pipeline which is arranged on the feed pool cover 2 and extends into the bottom of the feed pool 1 and an air inlet valve which is arranged on the ventilation pipeline, and oxygen is sent into different areas at the bottom of the feed pool 1 through a plurality of ventilation pipelines.
The squeezing mechanism comprises a hydraulic device for applying pressure, a pressure lever extending into the feed pool 1 and connected with the movable end of the hydraulic device, and a pressure plate which is arranged on the pressure lever and is matched with the feed pool 1 to form a piston structure. And a mounting frame for mounting the squeezing mechanism is arranged above the feed pool 1. The pressing rod is pushed by the hydraulic device to move towards the inside of the feed pool 1, so that the pressing plate extrudes the final fermented product in the feed pool 1, the fermented liquid in the final fermented product is extruded, and the fermented liquid is discharged into the fertilizer pool 3 from the liquid discharge pipeline 7.
The feed pool cover 2 is provided with a first solar heating mechanism 8; the first solar heating mechanism 8 comprises a first double-layer vacuum glass plate arranged on the feed pool cover 2, and an absorption coating for absorbing radiant heat is coated on the inner wall surface of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the temperature in the feed pool 1 is increased; a first shading mechanism 10 for adjusting the light receiving area of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the feed pool cover 2; first shading mechanism 10 is including installing the first rotating electrical machines on fodder pond lid 2 and the first light screen of being connected with the output shaft of first rotating electrical machines, drives first light screen horizontal rotation to the top of first double-deck vacuum glass board through first rotating electrical machines to change the photic area of first double-deck vacuum glass board. The fertilizer pool cover 4 is provided with a second solar heating mechanism 9. The second solar heating means 9 comprises a second double-layer vacuum glass plate mounted on the manure pit cover 4, the inner wall surface of which is coated with an absorbing coating for absorbing radiant heat, thereby raising the temperature inside the manure pit 3. And a second shading mechanism 11 for adjusting the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the fertilizer tank cover 4. The second shading mechanism 11 comprises a second rotating motor installed on the fertilizer pool cover 4 and a second shading plate connected with an output shaft of the second rotating motor, and the second shading plate is driven by the second rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the position above the second double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed. The first shading mechanism 10 is controlled according to the temperature in the feed tank 1 to adjust the light receiving area of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the fermentation failure caused by overhigh temperature in the feed tank 1 is avoided, and the too low fermentation speed caused by overlow temperature in the feed tank 1 is avoided. The second shading mechanism 11 is controlled according to the temperature in the fertilizer tank 3 to adjust the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the fermentation failure caused by overhigh temperature in the fertilizer tank 3 is avoided, and the too low fermentation speed caused by overlow temperature in the fertilizer tank 3 is avoided. Optionally, the absorptive coating is copper oxide, black copper, black zinc, black nickel, or the like.
Optionally, the outer wall surfaces of the feed pond 1 and the fertilizer pond 3 are both provided with a heat insulation layer and a waterproof layer.
The method for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the food waste, which adopts the device for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the food waste, comprises the following steps: placing the food waste into a feed tank 1, covering a feed cover, and starting a crushing and mixing mechanism 5 to crush the food waste; adding the wheat bran and the rice bran softened by water into a feed pool 1, covering a feed cover, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism 5 to uniformly mix the wheat bran, the rice bran and the crushed food waste in the feed pool 1, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat bran, the rice bran and the fruit residue is (6-8) to (2-4) to (1-2), so as to obtain a mixture; adding cellulase and/or pectinase into the feed pool 1 through a feeding mechanism, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism 5 to uniformly mix the mixture with the cellulase and/or pectinase, preserving heat, and performing primary fermentation to obtain a first fermentation product; starting a ventilation mechanism 6 to introduce air into the feed pool 1, adding at least two fermentation strains of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger into the feed pool 1 through a feeding mechanism, covering the feed, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism 5 to uniformly mix a first ferment and the fermentation strains and keep the temperature, and performing secondary fermentation to obtain a second ferment; starting a squeezing mechanism to squeeze the second fermentation product, so that the fermentation liquid in the second fermentation product is pressed into the fertilizer pool 3; taking the squeezed second fermentation product out of the feed pool 1 and drying to obtain feed; adding excrement into the fertilizer pool 3, enabling the excrement and the fermentation liquor to form a mixed solution with the water content of 45% -48%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7.3-7.8; after the mixed liquid in the fertilizer pool 3 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 2-3 days, the ventilation mechanism 6 is started to convey oxygen from the liquid discharge pipeline 7 to the fertilizer pool 3, an aerobic fermentation mode is entered, after the mixed liquid is ventilated for 18-24 hours, the ventilation mechanism 6 is closed, and the anaerobic fermentation mode and the aerobic fermentation mode are repeated for 2 times to obtain the fertilizer. Finally, the obtained fertilizer is directly used after being diluted by water.
In this embodiment, the food waste comprises fruit waste, and the fruit waste further comprises at least one of apple peel, banana peel, watermelon peel, and bagasse. In the fruit processing process, tens of millions of tons of leftovers such as fruit peels, fruit cores, fruit residues, defective fruits and the like containing nutritional ingredients such as protein, amino acid, phenolic substances, pectin, dietary fiber and the like are generated every year. The first fermentation adopts cellulase and/or pectinase for fermentation, plant tissue can be decomposed by cellulase and/or pectinase, so that protein wound by cellulose is released, cell wall structure is damaged, cells have no shielding effect, and active ingredients such as protein and the like contained in cells are released, thereby increasing the content of active ingredients such as muscle protein and the like. The second fermentation adopts at least two of yeast, lactobacillus or Aspergillus niger. Based on the first fermentation, more active ingredients such as protein and the like are dissolved out from the first fermentation, and then at least two of yeast, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger are adopted for the second fermentation, the yeast can regulate and control rumen fermentation, reduce the generation of lactate and stabilize the pH value, so that the propagation of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and the like in the rumen is promoted, the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrient substances by animals are further promoted, and the conversion efficiency of the feed is improved; the lactobacillus can promote animal growth and regulate microecological balance of gastrointestinal tract, so as to improve gastrointestinal tract function, increase food digestibility, inhibit putrefying bacteria growth in intestinal tract, and improve immunity. During the fermentation process, the quality and the palatability of the feed can be obviously improved through a series of complex biochemical actions such as strains and the like.
The cellulase and/or pectinase, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger are fermented in batches, on one hand, a variety of unsaturated fatty acids or aromatic acids can be generated by adding the strains, the appetite of animals can be obviously stimulated, the palatability of the feed is improved, the feed intake of the animals is improved, on the other hand, the strains can improve the flora environment in animal bodies, the microecological balance of animal intestinal tracts is established, the immunity of the animals is improved, the propagation of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the diseases are prevented and reduced, and the discharge amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in excrement of the breeding industry can be reduced through the action of microorganisms, so that the ecological environment is protected, the utilization rate of feed resources can be improved, and the growth of the animals is promoted. And moreover, the fermentation is carried out in batches, so that various enzymes are subjected to full enzymolysis reaction, and the phenomenon that multiple enzymes are compounded to generate competitive reaction is prevented. And firstly, the cell walls of the wheat bran, the rice bran and the orange peel are damaged by adopting cellulase and/or pectinase, so that at least two of later yeast, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger can be subjected to enzymolysis fully.
Preferably, the pH value of the mixture is adjusted to be 4.5-5.5.
In the embodiment, after at least two of yeast, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger are uniformly mixed, the control part regulator cover is closed, the temperature in the feed pool 1 is 35-45 ℃, the temperature in the feed pool 1 is gradually increased to be higher than 80 ℃ along with the fermentation reaction, and the control part regulator cover is opened. Although the opening of the sub-cap makes the interior of the feed tank 1 replace new air, carbon dioxide may not be volatilized to the air, the air duct is inserted into the first fermentation material, so that the interior of the feed tank 1 has sufficient air for the second fermentation, and the yeast, the lactic acid bacteria or the aspergillus niger adopts at least two types for fermentation, so that no matter how the strain combination is carried out, the new air can be replaced by the new airThe aerobic bacteria are arranged, so that air is introduced through the air duct firstly, the aerobic bacteria react firstly, and along with the aerobic fermentation stage, the oxygen in the feed pool 1 is less and less, and CO is generated2The feed can rapidly enter an anaerobic fermentation stage, and the enzymolysis reaction in batches can be realized.
Preferably, the pH value of the first fermentation product is adjusted to be 5-6.
In this embodiment, the fruit waste includes citrus peel. The solid mass fraction of the fruit waste is basically 8-19%, wherein the total volatile solid mass fraction accounts for more than 80%, most of the fruit processing solid waste contains abundant nutrient elements such as saccharides, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, N, P, K and the like, belongs to substances with high fiber, low protein and high water content, and has low pH value, high humidity and easy storage. Thus, cellulase and/or pectinase is used to break cell walls and to perform enzymatic hydrolysis on the high fiber.
The method has the advantages of simple and feasible preparation process, environment-friendly material acquisition and balanced nutrition collocation, and can obviously improve the quality and palatability of the feed and improve the feed intake of livestock by adding various wastes and strains in the feed formula through special fermentation equipment; the digestion utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the production performance of animals is improved; the added strains are beneficial to disease prevention and health care of animals; can reduce the discharge of harmful substances, purify the environment of the livestock house and protect the ecological environment; improves the storage property of the feed, and is convenient for commercialization and transportation of the feed. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the biological feed enables the main raw materials of the feed formula to be fruit waste, wheat bran and rice bran, changes waste into valuable, improves the utilization rate of feed resources, guarantees the safety of the feed and protects the ecological environment.
Preferably, the fruit waste further comprises at least one of apple peel, banana peel, watermelon peel, and bagasse. In the fruit processing process, tens of millions of tons of leftovers such as fruit peels, fruit cores, fruit residues, defective fruits and the like containing nutritional ingredients such as protein, amino acid, phenolic substances, pectin, dietary fiber and the like are generated every year.
In this embodiment, the method further includes: at least one of bean pulp, rapeseed meal or cottonseed meal, crushing the bean pulp, rapeseed meal or cottonseed meal into dregs, mixing with wheat bran and rice bran, and putting into the feed tank 1. The feed prepared by the method can be mixed with soybean meal, rapeseed meal or cottonseed meal to feed livestock, and can also be used for feeding livestock alone.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preparing feed and fertilizer by using food waste is characterized in that,
comprises a feed tank (1) for containing food waste to prepare feed, a feed tank cover (2) with a sealing cover closed on the feed tank (1), a fertilizer tank (3) communicated with the feed tank (1) and used for containing manure to prepare fertilizer, a fertilizer tank cover (4) with a sealing cover closed on the fertilizer tank (3) and a squeezing mechanism which is used for stretching into the feed tank (1) and used for squeezing final fermentation products in the feed tank (1), wherein the bottom of the feed tank (1) is provided with a liquid discharge pipeline (7) communicated with the feed tank (3),
the feed tank cover (2) is provided with a crushing and mixing mechanism (5) for crushing and mixing food waste, a ventilation mechanism (6) which extends into the bottom of the feed tank (1) and is used for introducing oxygen into the bottom of the feed tank (1), and a feeding mechanism for feeding biological enzyme and fermentation strain into the feed tank (1), fermentation liquor in final fermentation is pressed into the fertilizer tank (3) through the pressing mechanism, so that the pressed final fermentation in the feed tank (1) is dried to prepare feed, and the fermentation liquor and excrement in the fertilizer tank (3) are fermented to prepare fertilizer.
2. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 1,
the feed pool (1) and the fertilizer pool (3) are both embedded in the ground layer, the embedding depth of the fertilizer pool (3) is deeper than that of the feed pool (1), and the height of a liquid inlet, connected with the liquid drainage pipeline (7), on the fertilizer pool (3) is lower than that of a liquid outlet, connected with the liquid drainage pipeline (7), on the feed pool (1).
3. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 2,
a filter screen is arranged on a liquid outlet which is connected with the liquid drainage pipeline (7) on the feed tank (1).
4. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 1,
the crushing and mixing mechanism (5) comprises a rotating motor arranged on the feed tank cover (2), a rotating shaft connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor and extending into the feed tank (1), a crushing blade arranged on the rotating shaft and a stirring rod arranged on the rotating shaft.
5. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 1,
the ventilation mechanism (6) comprises a ventilation pipeline which is arranged on the feed tank cover (2) and extends into the bottom of the feed tank (1) and an air inlet valve which is arranged on the ventilation pipeline, and oxygen is sent into different areas at the bottom of the feed tank (1) through a plurality of ventilation pipelines.
6. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 1,
the feed pool cover (2) is provided with a first solar heating mechanism (8); a second solar heating mechanism (9) is arranged on the fertilizer tank cover (4).
7. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 6,
the first solar heating mechanism (8) comprises a first double-layer vacuum glass plate arranged on the feed pool cover (2), and an absorption coating for absorbing radiant heat is coated on the inner wall surface of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the temperature in the feed pool (1) is increased;
the second solar heating mechanism (9) comprises a second double-layer vacuum glass plate which is arranged on the fertilizer pool cover (4), and the inner wall surface of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is coated with an absorption coating for absorbing radiant heat, so that the temperature in the fertilizer pool (3) is increased.
8. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 7,
a first shading mechanism (10) for adjusting the light receiving area of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the feed pool cover (2);
and a second shading mechanism (11) for adjusting the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is arranged on the fertilizer tank cover (4).
9. The apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to claim 8,
the first shading mechanism (10) comprises a first rotating motor arranged on the feed pool cover (2) and a first shading plate connected with an output shaft of the first rotating motor, and the first shading plate is driven by the first rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the position above the first double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the first double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed;
the second shading mechanism (11) comprises a second rotating motor arranged on the fertilizer pool cover (4) and a second shading plate connected with an output shaft of the second rotating motor, and the second shading plate is driven by the second rotating motor to horizontally rotate to the position above the second double-layer vacuum glass plate, so that the light receiving area of the second double-layer vacuum glass plate is changed.
10. A method for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste, characterized in that the apparatus for preparing fodder and fertilizer using food waste according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, comprising the steps of:
placing the food waste into a feed tank (1), covering a feed cover, and starting a crushing and mixing mechanism (5) to crush the food waste;
adding the wheat bran and the rice bran softened by water into a feed pool (1), covering a feed cover, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism (5) to uniformly mix the wheat bran, the rice bran and the crushed food waste in the feed pool (1), wherein the mass ratio of the wheat bran, the rice bran and the fruit residue is (6-8) to (2-4) to (1-2), so as to obtain a mixture;
adding cellulase and/or pectinase into the feed pool (1) through a feeding mechanism, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism (5) to uniformly mix the mixture with the cellulase and/or pectinase, preserving heat, and performing primary fermentation to obtain a first fermentation product;
starting a ventilation mechanism (6) to introduce air into the feed pool (1), adding at least two fermentation strains of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria or aspergillus niger into the feed pool (1) through a feeding mechanism, covering the feed cover, starting a crushing and mixing mechanism (5) to uniformly mix the first fermented product with the fermentation strains and keep the temperature, and performing secondary fermentation to obtain a second fermented product;
starting a squeezing mechanism to squeeze the second fermentation product, so that the fermentation liquid in the second fermentation product is pressed into a fertilizer pool (3);
taking the squeezed second fermentation product out of the feed pool (1) and drying to obtain feed;
adding excrement into the fertilizer pool (3), enabling the excrement and the fermentation liquor to form mixed liquor with the water content of 45% -48%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquor to 7.3-7.8;
after carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the mixed liquid in the fertilizer tank (3) for 2-3 days, starting the ventilation mechanism (6) to convey oxygen into the fertilizer tank (3) from the liquid discharge pipeline (7), entering an aerobic fermentation mode, after ventilating for 18-24 hours, closing the ventilation mechanism (6), and repeating the anaerobic fermentation mode and the aerobic fermentation mode for 2 times to obtain the fertilizer.
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Application publication date: 20210326 |