CN112543630B - 含有抗精神病药物的缓释药物组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
含有抗精神病药物的缓释药物组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明关于一种具有高药物脂质比及高包埋效率的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含至少一脂质体及抗精神病药物。所述药物组合物改善药物动力学图谱及维持抗精神病药物的释放。本发明亦提供使用本文所揭露的药物组合物用于治疗精神分裂症或躁郁症的方法。
Description
本申请案主张2018年8月8日提交的美国专利申请号62/715,979的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明是针对一种包含抗精神病药物并使用至少一捕获剂的具有高药物脂质比(drug to lipid ratio)及高包埋效率(encapsulation efficiency)的缓释药物组合物。此药物组合物的高药物脂质比、高包埋效率及药物组合物持续的释放图谱(releaseprofile)减少施予的频率、增加患者顺从性(patient compliance)并改善治疗效果(therapeutic outcome)。
背景技术
精神分裂症及躁郁症为具有衰弱症状(debilitating symptoms)的复杂的精神健康疾病。阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、奥氮平(olanzapine)、奎硫平(quetiapine)及利培酮(risperidone)为已核准的用于治疗精神分裂症及躁郁症的抗精神病药物。这些药物可以锭剂、胶囊或溶液的形式经口服施予、经由注射或通过经皮贴片(transdermal patch)施予。然而,具精神分裂症或躁郁症的患者经常忘记或抗拒服药,使得每日一次或每日两次的给药方案的患者顺从性仍低。因此难以确保患者的药物依从性(medication adherence)以维持循环药物浓度在治疗范围(therapeutic window)中。不良的患者顺从性增加复发的风险(Ther Adv Psychopharmacol.2014;4(5):198-219)。此外,即使是每日一次的施予,聘用保健专业人员或照护者来施予药物亦所费不赀。
脂质体已被广泛地用于各种药物的缓释配方的开发。药物装载至脂质体中可经被动地(passively)(在脂质体形成的期间包埋药物)或远端地(remotely)/主动地(actively)(在脂质体形成的期间制造跨膜(transmembrane)pH-或离子梯度,而后药物在脂质体形成后通过因梯度产生的驱动力装载)达成(美国专利号5,192,549及5,939,096)。虽然在文献中详细记载药物装载至脂质体的一般方法,仅有极少数的治疗剂得以高药物脂质比或高包埋效率的装载至脂质体中,这对维持包埋治疗剂的释放相当重要。各种因子能够影响脂质体的包埋效率,其包含但不限于治疗剂的物理及化学特性,例如亲水性/疏水性特征、解离常数、溶解度及分配系数,脂质组成、捕获剂或反应溶剂的选择及粒径(ProcNatl Acad Sci U S A.2014;111(6):2283-2288以及Drug Metab Dispos.2015;43(8):1236-45)。
一些奥氮平、奎硫平及利培酮的脂质体配方已在文献中被描述。Babu等人揭露一种奥氮平脂质体配方,其中脂质体的直径为63.5nm,具有大约60%的包埋效率,且最终药物脂质比(D/L)为0.36。体外释放研究显示,在37℃培养12小时后,大约一半的脂质体包埋药物被释放(Indian J Res Pharm.Biotechnol.2015;3(2):151-156)。Upadhyay等人以卵磷脂酰胆碱(egg phosphatidylcholine)及胆固醇配制奎硫平富马酸脂质体分散剂(DrugDeliv.2016;23(4):1214-1221)。此脂质体的直径为152.2nm,包埋效率为79%且最终药物脂质比(D/L)为0.39(Drug Deliv.2016;23(4):1214-1221)。Nayak等人使用大豆磷脂酰胆碱(soya phosphatidylcholine)、胆固醇及DSPE-PEG2000制备利培酮脂质体。所述用以鼻腔施予(nasal administration)的脂质体的直径为~100nm,具有大约50%的包埋效率及0.05的最终D/L(Clin Exp Pharmacol.2015;5:4)。Imam等人将利培酮并入于使用Phospholipon 90G、Span 60及胆固醇的前脂质体(proniosomes),生成的配方用于经皮药物传递(Drug Deliv.2015;22(8):1059-1070)。这些利培酮前脂质体的直径为~500nm,具有大约90%的包埋效率及0.29的最终D/L(Drug Deliv.2015;22(8):1059-1070)。然而,这些抗精神病脂质体配方无法同时展现显著的缓释药物特性或在脂质体中的高药物包埋率。
对于具有高药物包埋效率以降低用于治疗精神分裂症及/或躁郁症的抗精神病药物的给药频率并改善治疗效果的缓释配方仍存在未被满足的需求。本发明解决此需求以及其他需求。
发明内容
在一实施例中,提供缓释药物组合物,所述缓释药物组合物包含(a)至少一包含双层膜的脂质体;(b)捕获剂;以及(c)抗精神病药物,其中双层膜包含至少一脂质且抗精神病药物对脂质的摩尔比值等于或大于大约0.4。
根据本发明的另一实施例,提供用以治疗精神分裂症或躁郁症的方法,所述方法包含对所需的个体施予本文所描述的药物组合物的步骤。
亦提供本文所描述的药物组合物在制造用于治疗及/或预防性治疗(prophylactic treatment)精神分裂症或躁郁症的药物的用途。
进一步提供包含治疗有效剂量的本文所描述的药物组合物的用于治疗精神分裂症或躁郁症的药物。
在本专利中所使用的用语“发明(invention)”、“该发明(the invention)”、“此发明(this invention)”以及“本发明(the present invention)”意于广泛指的是本专利及下列的权利要求的所有申请标的。包含这些用语的叙述应理解为不限制本文所描述的申请标的、或不限制下列权利要求的含义或范畴。通过本专利涵盖的本发明的实施例系通过下列权利要求定义,而非此发明内容。此发明内容为本发明各种方面的高层次概述(high-level overview),并引导进一步描述于下列实施方式段落中的部分概念。此发明内容不意于定义所请申请标的的关键或必要特征,亦非意于用在单独使用而定义所请申请标的的范畴。申请标的应通过参考说明书全文、任何或所有图式及各权利要求合适的部分而理解。
可通过参照说明书的其余部分及图式进一步理解本发明的本质及优点。
附图简述
第1图显示游离奥氮平及奥氮平脂质体的体外释放图谱的曲线图。
第2图显示大鼠经皮下注射游离利培酮及利培酮脂质体后血浆利培酮(plasmarisperidone)浓度的曲线图。
实施方式
除非本文中另行明确地表示,否则如上及本揭露全文所采用的下列用语,“一(a)”、“一(an)”以及“该(the)”等单数型式包含复数型式。
本文的所有数字可被理解成通过“大约(about)”修饰。如本文所用,用语“大约(about)”指的是特定值±10%的范围。
如本文所用,用语“有效剂量(effective amount)”指的是减少精神分裂症或躁郁症的症状及病征(signs)的剂量,精神分裂症或躁郁症的症状及病征可为经由临床可侦测的如狂躁(mania)、妄想(delusions)、幻觉(hallucinations)及言语、行为及认知功能的障碍,或可为放射学上通过各种成像手段可侦测的大脑萎缩(brain atrophy)。用语“有效剂量(effective amount)”及“治疗有效剂量(therapeutically effective amount)”可互换使用。
如本文所用,用语“治疗(treating)”、“治疗(treated)”或“治疗(treatment)”包含预防(preventative)(例如,预防(prophylactic))、舒缓(palliative)及治疗方法(curative methods)、用途或结果。用语“治疗(treatment)”或“治疗(treatments)”亦可指的是组合物或药物。本申请案全文中,治疗(by treating)意指如通过所属领域已知技术侦测的减轻或延缓一种或多种精神分裂症或躁郁症的症状或病征或完全改善(amelioration)精神分裂症或躁郁症的方法。所属领域认定的方法可用于评估精神分裂症及躁郁症及其症状。这些方法包含但不限于以下举出的数个示例,如精神病学评估的临床检查、成像或任何可能的以血液为主的生物标记(例如,侦测低含量的脑衍生神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor)(BDNF)及γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid)(GABA))。例如,当相较于个体治疗之前或对照个体,若在个体中精神分裂症及躁郁症的一种或多种症状减少大约1%,所揭露的方法被判断为治疗。因此,可为减少大约1、5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100%或任何在其之间减少的数值。
如本文所用,用语“精神分裂症(schizophrenia)”涵盖不论已知或未知的各种病因及原因的精神分裂症的各种类型及子类型,其包含但不限于焦虑/恐慌症(anxiety/panic disorders)、精神病性抑郁症(psychotic depression)及其他精神性及精神健康疾病。
如本文所用,用语“躁郁症(bipolar disorder)”涵盖不论已知或未知的各种病因及原因的躁郁症的各种类型及子类型,其包含但不限于第一型躁郁症(bipolar Idisorder)、第二型躁郁症(bipolar II disorder)、循环型情绪障碍症(cyclothymicdisorder)或药物或酒精诱导的躁郁症。
如本文所用,用语“个体(subject)”可指患有或有精神分裂症或躁郁症发展风险的脊椎动物或视为需要精神分裂症或躁郁症治疗的脊椎动物。个体包含所有恒温动物,如哺乳动物、如灵长类动物且更佳为人类。非人类灵长类动物亦为个体。用语个体包含如猫、狗等的驯养动物、家畜(例如,牛、马、猪、羊、山羊等)及实验动物(例如,小鼠、兔、大鼠、沙鼠(gerbil)、豚鼠(guinea pig)等)。因此,本文涵盖兽医用途及医药剂型。
脂质体
如本文所用,用语“脂质体(liposome)”、“脂质体(liposomal)”及相关用语的特征为通过一或多层双层膜形成的囊泡,将内部水性空间(interior aqueous space)与外部介质(outer medium)隔离。在某些实施例中,脂质体的内部水性空间实质上不含中性脂质,如甘油三酯(triglyceride)、非水(non-aqueous)相(油相)、水-油乳液或其它含有非水相的混合物。脂质体的非限制性实例包含小单层囊泡(small unilamellar vesicles,SUV)、大单层囊泡(large unilamellar vesicles,LUV)及多层囊泡(multilamellar vesicle,MLV),其具有平均直径范围从1-10μm、500-1000nm、50-500nm、50-450nm、50-400nm、50-350nm、50-300nm、50-250nm、50-200nm、100-500nm、100-450nm、100-400nm、100-350nm、100-300nm、100-250nm或100-200nm。
脂质体的双层膜通常通过至少一脂质形成,即,包含空间上分离的疏水域及亲水域的合成或天然的两性分子(amphiphilic molecules)。脂质的实例包含但不限于,如磷脂(phospholipids)、甘油二酯(diglycerides)、二脂肪基糖脂(dialiphatic glycolipids)的双脂链脂质(dialiphatic chain lipids),如鞘磷脂(sphingomyelin)及鞘糖脂(glycosphingolipid)的单脂质及其组合物。根据本发明的磷脂的实例包含但不限于1,2-二月桂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,DLPC)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,DMPC)、1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,DPPC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,PSPC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine,POPC)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,DSPC)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(1,2-dioleoy1-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,DOPC)、氢化大豆磷脂酰胆碱(hydrogenated soyphosphatidylcholine,HSPC)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-rac-甘油)(钠盐)(1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol)(sodium salt),DMPG)、1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-rac-甘油)(钠盐)(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol)(sodium salt),DPPG)、1-棕榈酰基-2-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-rac-甘油)(钠盐)(1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol)(sodium salt),PSPG)、1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-rac-甘油)(钠盐)(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol)(sodium salt),DSPG)、1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-rac-甘油)(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol),DOPG)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-L-丝氨酸(钠盐)(1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(sodium salt),DMPS)、1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-L-丝氨酸(钠盐)(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(sodium salt),DPPS)、1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-L-丝氨酸(钠盐)(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(sodium salt),DSPS)、1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-L-丝氨酸(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine,DOPS)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸(钠盐)(1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(sodiumsalt),DMPA)、1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸(钠盐)(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(sodium salt),DPPA)、1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸(钠盐)(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(sodium salt),DSPA)、1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸(钠盐)(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(sodium salt),DOPA)、1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,DPPE)、N-(羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇)-1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,PEG-DPPE)、1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,POPE)、1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,DSPE)、N-(羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇)-1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,PEG-DSPE)、1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,DOPE)、1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-肌醇)(铵盐)(1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol)(ammonium salt),DPPI)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸肌醇(铵盐)(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol)(ammonium salt),DSPI)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-肌醇)(铵盐)(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol)(ammonium salt),DOPI)、心磷脂(cardiolipin)、L-α-磷脂酰胆碱(L-α-phosphatidylcholine,EPC)及L-α-磷脂酰乙醇胺(L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine,EPE)。在一些实施例中,脂质为一种或多种前述脂质的脂质混合物,或一种或多种前述脂质与一种或多种未列出的脂质、薄膜稳定剂(membrane stabilizer)或抗氧化剂的混合物。
在一些实施例中,在双层膜中的脂质的摩尔百分比系等于或小于大约80、79、78、77、76、75、74、73、72、71、70、69、68、67、66、65、64、63、62、61、60、59、58、57、56、55、54、53、52、51、50、49、48、47、46、45或在其之间的任何值或范围(例如,大约45-80%、大约45-75%、大约45-70%、大约45-65%、大约50-80%、大约50-75%、大约50-70%或大约50-65%)。
在一些实施例中,脂质包含第一脂质及第二脂质的混合物。在一些实施例中,第一脂质选自基本上由磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine,PC)、HSPC、DSPC、DPPC、DMPC、PSPC及其组合所组成的群组,而第二脂质选自基本上由磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidylethanolamine)、磷脂酰甘油(phosphatidylglycerol)、PEG-DSPE、DPPG及其组合所组成的群组。在另一实施例中,在双层膜中第一脂质的摩尔百分比为大约79.9、79.5、79.1、78、77、76、75、74、73、72、71、70、69、68、67、66、65、64、63、62、61、60、59、58、57、56、55、54、53、52、51、50、49、48、47、46、45或在其之间的任何值或范围(例如,大约45-79.9%、大约50-75%、大约50-70%、大约50-65%、大约45-75%、大约45-70%、大约45-65%),而双层膜中第二脂质的摩尔百分比为大约20、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1、0.9、0.5、0.1或在其之间的任何值或范围(例如,大约0.1-20%、大约0.1-15%、大约0.1-10%、大约0.1-5%、大约0.1-4%或大约0.1-3%)。
脂质体的双层膜进一步包含小于大约55摩尔百分比的类固醇,较佳为胆固醇。在某些实施例中,双层膜中的类固醇(如胆固醇)的摩尔%为大约20-55%、大约20-50%、大约20-45%、大约20-40%、大约25-55%、大约25-50%、大约25-45%、大约25-40%、大约30-55%、大约30-50%、大约30-45%或大约30-40%。
在一个例示性实施例中,双层膜中脂质及胆固醇的摩尔%为大约50-80%:20-50%或45-80%:20-55%。在另一例示性实施例中,在双层膜中第一脂质、第二脂质及胆固醇的摩尔%为大约45-79.9%:0.1%-10%:20-50%、大约45-79.5%:0.5-10%:20-50%、大约45-79.1%:0.9-10%:20-50%、大约45-79.9%:0.1-15%:20-45%、大约45-79.5%:0.5-15%:20-45%或大约45-79.1%:0.9-15%:20-45%且第一脂质为HSPC、DMPC或DSPC而第二脂质为DSPE-PEG2000或DPPG。
远端装载
如本文所用,用语“远端装载(remote loading)”为涉及通过多原子离子梯度(polyatomic ion-gradient)将药物从外部介质跨越脂质体的双层膜传输至内部水性空间的程序的药物装载法。这些梯度通过在脂质体的内部水性空间中包埋至少一多原子离子作为捕获剂,并以例如,纯水、蔗糖溶液(sucrose solution)或生理食盐水等具有较低多原子离子浓度的额外介质通过如管柱分离(column separation)、透析(dialysis)或离心(centrifugation)等已知技术置换脂质体的外部介质而产生。在脂质体的内部水性空间及外部介质之间制造多原子离子梯度以将治疗剂捕获于脂质体的内部水性空间。作为捕获剂的例示性多原子离子包含但不限于硫酸盐(sulfate)、亚硫酸盐(sulfite)、磷酸盐(phosphate)、磷酸氢盐(hydrogen phosphate)、钼酸盐(molybdate)、碳酸盐(carbonate)及硝酸盐(nitrate)。例示性的捕获剂包含但不限于硫酸铵(ammonium sulfate)、磷酸铵(ammonium phosphate)、钼酸铵(ammonium molybdate)、蔗糖八硫酸酯铵(ammoniumsucrose octasulfate)、蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵(triethylammonium sucrose octasulfate)及硫酸葡聚糖(dextran sulfate)。
在一实施例中,蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵的浓度为大约10至200mM或大约50至150mM。在另一实施例中,硫酸铵的浓度为大约100至600mM、大约150至500mM、大约200至400mM或大约200至300mM。在又一实施例中,磷酸铵的浓度为大约100至600mM、大约150至500mM或大约200至400mM。在又一实施例中,硫酸葡聚糖的浓度为大约0.1至10mM、大约0.5至9mM或大约1至8mM。
根据本发明,包埋捕获剂的脂质体可通过任何已知或后来开发的技术制备。例如,可通过将经选择的脂质组成物与捕获剂通过水合脂膜(hydrated lipid film)、喷雾干燥粉末或冻干饼(lyophilized cake)直接形成MLV脂质体;通过音振处理(sonication)、均质化(homogenization)、微射流作用(microfluidization)或挤压(extrusion)将MLV脂质体依尺寸制作为SUV脂质体及LUV脂质体。
药物组合物
本发明针对缓释药物组合物,缓释药物组合物包含:(a)至少一包含双层膜的脂质体;(b)捕获剂;以及(c)抗精神病药物,其中双层膜包含至少一脂质且药物对脂质的摩尔比值系大于或等于大约0.4。
在一个实施例中,缓释药物组合物进一步包含至少一药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂、载具(vehicle)、载体、用于活性成分的介质、防腐剂、冷冻保护剂或其组合。在一个例示性实施例中,药物组合物中的双层膜的重量百分比为大约0.1-12%;药物组合物中的捕获剂的重量百分比为大约0.1-10%;以及药物组合物中的药学上可接受的赋形剂(如蔗糖、组胺酸(histidine)、氯化钠及超纯水)、稀释剂、载具、载体、用于活性成分的介质、防腐剂、冷冻保护剂或其组合的重量百分比为大约80.0-99.9%。
在某些实施例中,用于治疗精神分裂症或躁郁症的治疗剂为典型或非典型的抗精神病药物。例示性的抗精神病药物包含但不限于阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、奥氮平(olanzapine)、奎硫平(quetiapine)、利培酮(risperidone)、帕利哌酮(paliperidone)、洛沙平(loxapine)及氯氮平(clozapine)。药物组合物的缓释曲线(profile)延长抗精神病药物的半衰期,并于较长的期间内维持精神病药物的循环浓度,因而维持治疗效果并减少施予的频率。
在一方面,药物组合物的缓释曲线是由于高的药物包埋效率。抗精神病药物包埋于脂质体中的百分比(%)为高于50%、高于55%、高于60%、高于65%、高于70%、高于75%或高于80%。
在另一方面,药物组合物的缓释曲线是由于较高的药物对脂质摩尔比值。在例示性实施例中,抗精神病药物对一种或多种脂质的摩尔比值为大于或等于大约0.4、0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.65、0.7、0.75、0.8、0.85、0.9、0.95或1.0,选择性地从大约0.4至少于大约20、少于大约10、少于大约5、少于大约4、少于大约3、少于大约2或少于大约1。
在又一方面,相较于游离(未包埋)抗精神病药物,在本文包埋于药物组合物中的抗精神病药物的半衰期延长至少2倍、至少5倍、至少7.5倍、至少10倍或至少20倍。
本发明亦提供一种用于治疗精神分裂症或躁郁症的方法,所述方法包含对所需的个体施予有效剂量的本文所描述的药物组合物,因而减轻在个体中精神分裂症或躁郁症的症状及/或病征。
药物组合物系被配制成适合用于皮肤注射(cutaneous injection),如皮下(subcutaneous)、真皮下(subdermal)、皮内(intradermal)、经皮(transdermal)或肌内(intramuscular)途径。药物组合物亦配制成适合以经皮贴片施予。
本发明的药物组合物剂量可由所属技术领域具有专业知识者根据实施例决定。涵盖各在某些临床环境中提供优势的单剂量或多剂量形式。根据本发明,被施予的药物组合物的实际量可根据被治疗的个体的年龄、体重、条件、任何存在的医疗条件,并取决于医学专家的判断。
在一实施例中,本文所揭露的药物组合物展现出抗精神病药显著的缓释图谱。例如,不论与文献报导中经口服施予游离利培酮(5.9小时)或经皮施予利培酮脂质体配方(21.6小时)的半衰期比较时,本发明的药物组合物在大鼠中延长皮下施予利培酮的的半衰期至65.8小时(如实例6所揭露)。这些药物组合物被开发以减少给药频率从每日两次或每日一次至每两日一次、每三日一次、每五日一次、每周、每两周一次、每个月一次、每两个月一次、每三个月一次、每四个月一次、每五个月一次或每六个月一次。
实例
本发明的实施例通过下列实例说明,其不应以任何方式解释为对其范围强加限制。相反地,应被清楚理解的是在不脱离本发明的精神下,所属技术领域具有专业知识者在阅读本文说明书之后,可采取各种其它实施例、修改及其等效物。除非另有指出,在下列实例中描述的研究中,将遵循习知程序。
实例1、阿立哌唑脂质体配方的制备
空的脂质体通过脂质膜水合挤压法(lipid film hydration-extrusion method)制备。将HSPC、胆固醇及DSPE-PEG2000(摩尔百分比59.5/39.6/0.9)溶解于氯仿(chloroform)中,通过旋转蒸发器(rotary evaporator)于真空下移除有机溶剂以形成一薄脂质膜。此干燥脂质膜以75mM蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵(pH 6.0)于60℃水合30分钟,而形成水性中心(aqueous core)包埋蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵的脂质体。在液态氮与60℃水间六次冷冻-解冻循环之后,将脂质体以孔径0.2μm的聚碳酸酯过滤器挤压10次。未包埋的蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵以9.4%蔗糖溶液透析移除。
含有1.0mg/mL阿立哌唑(Abblis Chemicals LLC,USA)、根据前段制备的空的脂质体(含2.5mM脂质)、100mM柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.0)以及5%(v/v)二甲亚砜的反应混合物在60℃下培养30分钟。通过SephadexTM G-50细胶粒(fine gel)(GE Healthcare)或透析袋(Spectrum Labs)以9.4%蔗糖溶液分离未包埋的阿立哌唑,以得到阿立哌唑脂质体配方。阿立哌唑脂质体中包埋的阿立哌唑浓度及脂质浓度使用紫外线/可见光(UV/Vis)分光光谱仪测量,以计算阿立哌唑脂质体配方的药物对脂质摩尔比值(D/L)。
包埋效率由阿立哌唑脂质体配方的药物对脂质摩尔比值(D/L)与反应混合物的标称(nominal)D/L比较计算而得,标称D/L系将阿立哌唑的浓度除以空的脂质体的脂质浓度而得。
使用75mM蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵作为捕获剂,阿立哌唑脂质体配方最终D/L为0.81的且包埋效率为90.4%。
实例2、奥氮平脂质体配方的制备
空的脂质体根据实例1制备。双层膜包含有HSPC、胆固醇及DPPG(摩尔百分比59.5/39.6/0.9)且捕获剂为300mM硫酸铵。
含有6.1mg/mL奥氮平(TCI America,US)、21.3mM脂质的空的脂质体以及35mM组胺酸缓冲液(pH 7.35)的反应混合物在60℃下培养15分钟,而后通过SephadexTM G-50细胶粒(fine gel)(GE Healthcare)或透析袋(Spectrum Labs)以9.4%蔗糖溶液分离未包埋的奥氮平。使用紫外线/可见光(UV/Vis)分光光谱仪测量反应混合物及包埋奥氮平的脂质体的奥氮平(药物)浓度及脂质浓度。奥氮平脂质体配方的D/L及包埋效率根据实例1计算。粒径分布通过动态光散射仪(Zetasizer Nano-ZS90,Malvern)测量。
使用300mM硫酸铵作为捕获剂,脂质体配方最终D/L为0.56且包埋效率为61.4%。脂质体的平均粒径为198.8nm。
实例3、利培酮脂质体配方的制备
空的脂质体根据实例1制备。双层膜包含有HSPC、胆固醇及DSPE-PEG2000(摩尔百分比59.5/39.6/0.9)且捕获剂为300mM硫酸铵。
含有5.4mg/mL利培酮(TCI America,US)、24.4mM脂质的空的脂质体以及20mM组胺酸缓冲液(pH 6.5)的反应混合物在60℃下培养15分钟,而后通过SephadexTM G-50细胶粒(fine gel)(GE Healthcare)或透析袋(Spectrum Labs)以9.4%蔗糖溶液分离未包埋的利培酮。使用紫外线/可见光(UV/Vis)分光光谱仪测量反应混合物及包埋利培酮的脂质体的利培酮(药物)浓度及脂质浓度。利培酮脂质体配方的D/L及包埋效率根据实例1计算。
使用300mM硫酸铵作为捕获剂,脂质体配方具有0.44的最终D/L及80.2%的包埋效率。
实例4、不同捕获剂对药物装载曲线的影响
根据实例1制备具有下列捕获剂的脂质体配方:(1)75mM的蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵、(2)250mM的硫酸铵、(3)300mM的硫酸铵、及(4)7mM的硫酸葡聚糖。表1显示不同捕获剂对药物装载曲线的影响。
表1、不同捕获剂的药物装载曲线
n.d.,未侦测
实例5、奥氮平脂质体的延缓的释放曲线
为设置体外释放系统,将1.0mL根据实例2制备的奥氮平脂质体配方及1.0mL游离奥氮平分别放入透析袋中(Spectra/6透析膜,MWCO 50kDa,Spectrum Labs),将透析袋的两端密封。将每个透析袋分别浸入于含20mL pH7.4的PBS的50mL离心管中,并在37±1℃水浴中培养。培养后于选定的时间点(1、2、4、8及24小时)从20mL PBS取样1mL等分试样(aliquot),并于每次取样后加入1mL新鲜PBS补足取样的等分试样。每个时间点取样的等分试样的药物浓度经由紫外线/可见光(UV/Vis)吸光度测量,以建立体外释放曲线(in vitrorelease profile)。
如第1图所示,在游离奥氮平组中,加入配方2小时内,几乎百分之百的奥氮平经由透析袋释放。相反地,通过透析袋从奥氮平脂质体配方释放的奥氮平的释放率为大约10%,且延长超过24小时,显著低于游离奥氮平(>99%)。奥氮平脂质体配方缓慢释放的图谱证实本发明的脂质体配方持续释放奥氮平。
实例6、利培酮脂质体的药物动力学研究
使用颈静脉插管(Jugular vein cannulated,JVC))雌性SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠执行利培酮脂质体配方的体内PK评估。大鼠圈养于12小时光照/12小时黑暗的昼夜循环操作且不限制饮水及摄食的系留室(holding room)中。
将大鼠分成两组(各组n=3),一组接受10mg/kg游离利培酮的皮下注射,所述游离利培酮以含有25mN HCl的超纯水溶解利培酮制备而得,利培酮最终浓度为5mg/mL。另一组接受10mg/kg利培酮脂质体的皮下注射,所述利培酮脂质体系根据实例3制备而得。注射后15分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、8小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时及168小时收集血液样品。通过离心取得血浆样品,在-80℃下保持冷冻并使用PKSolver中非区室模型分析模组(noncompartmental analysis model)分析(Comput Methods Programs Biomed.2010;99(3):306-314)。两种利培酮配方的PK参数总结于表2中。
表2中结果显示利培酮脂质体组的Cmax是游离利培酮组的15%,与游离利培酮组比较,利培酮脂质体的半衰期(t1/2)显著较长,且曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC0-t)指出,与象征100%的利培酮于注射后8小时释放的游离利培酮相比较,利培酮脂质体的曲线下面积显示注射后168小时,仅33.9%的利培酮由脂质体中释放。
表2、单次皮下注射游离利培酮及利培酮脂质体后大鼠衍生的PK参数
参数 | 单位 | 游离利培酮 | 利培酮脂质体 |
t1/2 | h | 1.09 | 65.8 |
Cmax | ng/mL | 4,510.0 | 677.3 |
AUC0-t | h×ng/mL | 13,245.1 | 4,490.5 |
AUC0-inf | h×ng/mL | 13,330.4 | 4,936.0 |
此外,第2图显示,在接受游离利培酮的药物注射后8至24小时之间的大鼠血浆中即未侦测到利培酮,而在接受利培酮脂质体药物注射后的大鼠的血浆中直至168小时仍可侦测到利培酮。此结果支持所请的药物组合物持续释放利培酮的结论。
Claims (24)
1.一种药物组合物,其包含:
(a)至少一脂质体,其包含双层膜,该双层膜包含至少一脂质;
(b)捕获剂,其选自蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵(triethylammonium sucrose octasulfate)、硫酸铵(ammonium sulfate)、硫酸葡聚糖(dextran sulfate)或其任何组合;以及
(c)抗精神病药物,其选自基本上由阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、奎硫平(quetiapine)、利培酮(risperidone)、氯氮平(clozapine)及其任何组合所组成的群组,
当该抗精神病药物选自阿立哌唑或氯氮平时,该捕获剂为蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵;当该抗精神病药物为奎硫平时,该捕获剂为硫酸葡聚糖;当该抗精神病药物为利培酮时,该捕获剂为蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵或硫酸铵;
其中,该药物对该脂质的摩尔比值等于或大于大约0.5,且该抗精神病药物包埋在该脂质体中,其包埋效率大于大约60%,其中用语“大约”指的是特定值±10%的范围。
2.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中该脂质体的平均粒径系从大约50nm至10μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中该双层膜进一步包含胆固醇。
4.如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中在该双层膜中的该胆固醇的摩尔百分比为大约20%至大约55%。
5.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中该脂质为第一脂质及第二脂质的混合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其中该第一脂质选自基本上由PC、HSPC、DSPC、DPPC、DMPC、PSPC及其组合所组成的群组,而该第二脂质选自基本上由磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidylethanolamine)、磷脂酰甘油(phosphatidylglycerol)、PEG-DSPE、DPPG及其组合所组成的群组。
7.如权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其中在该双层膜中的该第一脂质的摩尔百分比为大约45-79.9%,且在该双层膜中的该第二脂质的摩尔百分比为大约0.1-20%。
8.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中蔗糖八硫酸酯三乙铵的浓度为大约10mM至200mM。
9.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中硫酸铵的浓度为大约100mM至600mM。
10.如权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中硫酸葡聚糖的浓度为大约0.1mM至10mM。
11.权利要求1所述的药物组合物用于制备治疗精神分裂症或躁郁症的药物的用途。
12.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该抗精神病药物的半衰期,相较于游离的该抗精神病药物延长至少2倍。
13.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该抗精神病药物的半衰期,相较于游离的该抗精神病药物延长至少5倍。
14.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该抗精神病药物的半衰期,相较于游离的该抗精神病药物延长至少7.5倍。
15.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该抗精神病药物的半衰期,相较于游离的该抗精神病药物延长至少10倍。
16.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该抗精神病药物的半衰期,相较于游离的该抗精神病药物延长至少20倍。
17.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该药物组合物至少每三天一次施予。
18.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该药物组合物至少每周一次施予。
19.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该药物组合物至少每两周一次施予。
20.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该药物组合物至少每月一次施予。
21.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中该药物组合物系通过皮肤注射被施予。
22.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中该皮肤注射包含皮下(subcutaneous)、皮内(intradermal)或肌内(intramuscular)途径。
23.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中该皮肤注射包含真皮下(subdermal)。
24.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中该皮肤注射包含经皮(transdermal)。
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WO2014121211A2 (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-07 | Zoneone Pharma, Inc. | Remote loading of sparingly water-soluble drugs into liposomes |
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CN112543630A (zh) | 2021-03-23 |
EP3833333A4 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
US20210308051A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
TW202021574A (zh) | 2020-06-16 |
WO2020033195A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
TWI772664B (zh) | 2022-08-01 |
EP3833333A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
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