CN112540148A - Method for constructing refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system - Google Patents
Method for constructing refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system construction methods, in particular to a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise. The method for constructing the refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system comprises the following steps: s1: enterprise environmental risk assessment; s2: construction of a monitoring site: based on the monitoring factors and risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point location layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system with multiple monitoring instruments jointly applied; s3: and (5) building a traceability and early warning informatization platform. The method for building the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system for the refining enterprise selects monitoring factors capable of representing the pollution characteristics of the refining enterprise, depends on various high-sensitivity devices, combines the fingerprint spectrum technology of a production unit and the pollutant source analysis technology, forms an all-dimensional atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system, and establishes a novel pollution prevention and control mode for the refining enterprise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system construction methods, in particular to a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise.
Background
The refining and chemical enterprises refer to oil refining enterprises and chemical enterprises taking petroleum and natural gas as raw materials, and are important prop industries in China. The refining production is generally under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and part of the produced materials have the properties of inflammability, explosiveness and toxicity, so that some pollutants are inevitably discharged, and the adverse effects of water pollution, atmospheric pollution, solid waste pollution and the like on the environment are caused. In recent years, accidents such as major safety production, natural gas transportation, storage explosion and the like continuously occur in the domestic refining and chemical industry, a series of pollution problems are caused to the regional environment, the healthy life of people is seriously influenced, and the problems are more and more emphasized.
The main problems generated by the emission of the atmospheric pollutants of the refining enterprises are represented as follows: (1) the emission of peculiar smell gas influences the surrounding environment and the health of residents, so that the method becomes an environmental-protection complaint hotspot and the contradiction between enterprises and residents is prominent; (2) the processing loss of the enterprise is increased, and the economic benefit of the enterprise is influenced; (3) safety accidents are easy to happen, and fire and explosion accidents are easy to happen when the leakage amount of VOCs is large, so that the safety production of the device is influenced; (4) and the device is easy to cause life hazards to field operators, and the health of workers is seriously influenced by the leakage of carcinogens such as benzene series and the like and high toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide and the like.
At present, the self-monitoring of enterprises, the monitoring of third-party detection mechanisms and the monitoring of law enforcement departments adopt the manual sampling of Suma jars or air bags, and the laboratory analysis is mainly used for monitoring once every quarter or half a year. On one hand, the method cannot effectively and comprehensively monitor the pollutant change of the enterprise in real time, cannot accurately master the pollutant source, on the other hand, cannot form long-term and continuous observation data, and cannot research the pollutant emission trend of the enterprise, so that the enterprise cannot pertinently manage high-risk units.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps:
s1: enterprise environmental risk assessment, wherein the enterprise environmental risk assessment comprises monitoring factor identification and risk unit identification;
s2: construction of a monitoring site: based on the monitoring factors and risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point location layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system with multiple monitoring instruments jointly applied;
s3: constructing a traceability and early warning informatization platform: on the basis of the construction of the automatic monitoring station in the step S2, pollutant monitoring information is transmitted to the platform in real time through data transmission and system integration, the pollutant data collected by each station is analyzed in real time, and the pollutants are visualized by using various display modes.
Preferably, in step S1, the monitoring factors include at least one of total hydrocarbons, non-methane total hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene series, and malodorous OU.
Preferably, in step S1, the method for identifying the risk units includes: dividing the production units of the factory boundary of the enterprise, wherein the production units with similar processes and edge distances less than 50m can be combined into a risk unit; the identified major, major risk elements serve as the monitoring targets for the system.
Preferably, in step S2, the monitoring points are divided into: the monitoring point location distribution method comprises the following specific steps of a node station, a boundary station and a central station, wherein the monitoring point location distribution method comprises the following specific steps:
the node station is arranged on the crossed boundary of the two risk units, and the distance between the height sampling port and the ground is 1.5-2.0 m;
the boundary station is arranged at the intersection position where the center point of the risk unit is vertical to the factory boundary, the boundary station is close to the factory boundary and simultaneously avoids the relatively open area of shelters such as trees and the like as far as possible, the height is set to be that the boundary sampling port with the enclosing wall is 20-50cm higher than the enclosing wall, and the height of the sampling port without the enclosing wall from the ground is 1.5-2.0 m;
the central station is arranged in the middle of the risk units or in a receptor area affected by the risk units, and the height of the sampling port is 2.5-5 m away from the ground.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for monitoring the location layout includes: in the boundary close to the peripheral enterprises or the residential areas, the average distance between monitoring point positions is less than or equal to 300 m;
and in the boundary without other enterprises or residential areas, the average distance between monitoring point locations is less than or equal to 600 m.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for selecting the node station monitoring instrument includes: the TVOC is used as a monitoring factor, and a sensor type analytical instrument adopting the principle of photo-ion detection has a detection limit less than or equal to 10 ppb.
Preferably, in step S2, the boundary station monitoring apparatus is selected by:
A. for units without risk of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, a sensor type analytical instrument adopting a photo-ion detection principle or an FID method detection instrument is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
B. for the risk units with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or other peculiar smell gas emission, an electronic nose or a gas analyzer with the same function is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
C. monitoring factors of the pollutant diffusion path facing to the residential area are a risk unit of an odorous OU value, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, non-methane total hydrocarbon and benzene series, and an electronic nose and a gas chromatograph are used as monitoring instruments.
Preferably, in step S2, the central station monitoring apparatus is selected by: an online gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, a gas-flight time mass spectrometer or an online analyzer with thermal desorption or condensation enrichment and other pretreatment functions is selected as a monitoring instrument.
Under the optimal condition, the central station, the boundary station and the node station are also provided with meteorological monitoring instruments for monitoring the temperature, the humidity, the atmospheric pressure, the wind speed and the wind direction of the station.
Under the preferable condition, in step S3, the specific method for constructing the traceability and early warning information platform includes the following steps:
3.1 data transmission;
3.2 monitoring map: comprehensively displaying the positions of all the sites and the gas concentration data information, meteorological information and the like acquired by a monitoring instrument in real time on an enterprise map, and dynamically displaying the colors of monitoring point location icons according to the current characteristic pollution factor monitoring numerical value;
3.3 Risk Unit fingerprint: inputting fingerprint information of each risk unit;
3.4 tracing analysis: by establishing the fingerprint characteristics of the risk units, the central station analyzes data on line as receptor point data, and realizes regional pollutant source analysis by using a chemical mass balance method;
3.5 diffusion profile: acquiring the diffusion condition of pollutants and tracking the diffusion track by using a small-scale pollution diffusion model in combination with parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, geographical position, building obstacles and the like and monitoring data of boundary positions;
3.6 monitoring and early warning: calculating data acquired by a monitoring instrument, comparing the data with a preset threshold range and a preset range to acquire early warning information, storing and displaying the early warning information, and notifying related contacts of the early warning information according to an early warning threshold;
3.7 statistical query: the historical data is summarized, inquired and compared by using a multi-dimensional inquiry and statistic function of a histogram, a line graph, a radar chart, a chart and the like;
3.8 terminal equipment.
Further preferably, in step S3.6, the setting method of the early warning threshold value is as follows: alarm values of all monitoring factors of the central station are set according to limit values specified by relevant standards, and alarm values of all monitoring factors of the boundary station and the node station are set according to limit values specified by national standards or local standards; the early warning value threshold is 80% of the warning value.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the online comprehensive monitoring system, online monitoring equipment, a system platform and data analysis are integrated to form the online comprehensive monitoring system, so that the dynamic characteristics of pollutants of an enterprise can be accurately mastered, the functions of pollutant exceeding real-time early warning and accurate tracing of pollutants in a high-risk area can be realized, the enterprises can better master the conditions and sources of the pollutants, and the intelligent level of pollution prevention and control of the enterprises can be improved.
2. The method for building the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise fully considers the characteristics of dense devices, multiple pollutant types, high pollutant similarity between production devices, high pollution intensity and the like of the refining enterprise, analyzes the relevance between the production devices and boundaries, selects monitoring factors capable of representing the pollution characteristics of the refining enterprise, combines various high-sensitivity devices to form an all-dimensional atmospheric pollutant monitoring system covered by outer layers from inside and specifically analyzed in key positions, and establishes a novel pollution prevention and control mode of the refining enterprise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system for a refinery enterprise.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps:
s1: enterprise environmental risk assessment, wherein the enterprise environmental risk assessment comprises monitoring factor identification and risk unit identification;
wherein, the conventional monitoring factors in the refinery enterprises are mainly total hydrocarbons, non-methane total hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, benzene series and stink OU values, and special monitoring factors such as organic sulfides can be added near the boundary of the sewage treatment unit; in addition, the pollutant information that the external enterprise may spread to the enterprise can also be used as one of the monitoring factors.
The risk unit identification method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of dividing the production devices of the enterprise critical boundary, and analyzing main risk units of the enterprise boundary by methods of process data analysis, field investigation, visit investigation, data lookup, sailing monitoring and the like. Production units with similar processes and edge distances less than 50m can be combined into one risk unit, and the identified main and important risk units are used as monitoring targets of the system.
S2: construction of a monitoring site: based on the monitoring factors and risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point location layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system with multiple monitoring instruments jointly applied;
s2.1: monitoring point location layout
In the process of monitoring point location layout, economic cost and refinery enterprise risk elements need to be considered comprehensively, point locations are laid according to the relationship between the perimeter and other enterprises or residential areas, and the method for monitoring point location layout is as follows under the preferred conditions: the average distance between the point locations is less than or equal to 300m near the boundary of peripheral enterprises or residential areas; and in the boundary without other enterprises or residential areas, the average distance between the point locations is less than or equal to 600 m.
The monitoring point location is divided into the following parts according to the relationship between the function and the risk unit: the node station, the boundary station and the central station are combined, so that the comprehensive and dynamic monitoring of the pollutants of the refinery enterprise is realized. The method provides technical basis for understanding the dynamic change characteristics of pollutants, distinguishing pollution boundaries of peripheral enterprises, processing pollution prevention and control work such as peripheral resident complaints, pollution accident early warning and tracing and the like. The method for laying the monitoring point locations specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the node station is arranged on the crossed boundary of the two risk units, and the distance between the height sampling port and the ground is 1.5-2.0 m;
2. the boundary station is arranged at the intersection position where the center point of the risk unit is vertical to the factory boundary, the boundary station is close to the factory boundary and simultaneously avoids the relatively open area of shelters such as trees and the like as far as possible, the height is set to be that the boundary sampling port with the enclosing wall is 20-50cm higher than the enclosing wall, and the height of the sampling port without the enclosing wall from the ground is 1.5-2.0 m;
3. the central station is arranged in the middle of the risk units or in a receptor area affected by the risk units, the height of the sampling port is 2.5-5 m away from the ground, and the influences of shelters such as surrounding buildings, trees and the like, gas density difference and other factors on the gas collecting effect in the vertical direction are fully considered.
S2.2: selection of monitoring instruments
1. A node station: the node station is an auxiliary point position of the whole system and is used for judging the approximate source of pollutants according to the primary early warning of the wind direction, and the general monitoring factor of the node station is total hydrocarbon (TVOC), so that a sensor type analytical instrument adopting a Photon Ion Detection (PID) principle has a detection limit less than or equal to 10 ppb.
2. Boundary station: the boundary station is the main point of the whole system and is used for monitoring the dynamic change characteristics of pollutants and performing real-time early warning, and 3 conditions are selected for monitoring instruments of the boundary station:
(1) for units without risk of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, corresponding monitoring factors are total hydrocarbons (TVOC) and non-methane total hydrocarbons, so a sensor type analytical instrument or a flame ionization detection instrument (FID) adopting a photo-ion (PID) detection principle is used as a monitoring instrument;
(2) for the risk units with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or other peculiar smell gas emission, the corresponding monitoring factors are the stink OU value, the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and total hydrocarbon (TVOC), and an electronic nose or a gas analyzer with the same function is used as a monitoring instrument; wherein the maximum detection limit of the stink OU value is 1, the detection limit of hydrogen sulfide is less than or equal to 10ppb, the detection limit of ammonia gas is less than or equal to 10ppb, and the detection limit of TVOC is less than or equal to 10 ppb;
(3) for a risk unit with monitoring factors of odor OU value, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, non-methane total hydrocarbon and benzene series substances facing a residential area of a pollutant diffusion path, monitoring the odor OU value, the hydrogen sulfide and the ammonia gas by using an electronic nose as a monitoring instrument, and monitoring the concentration of the non-methane total hydrocarbon and the benzene series substances by using a gas chromatograph as the monitoring instrument; wherein the maximum detection limit of the stink OU value is 1, the detection limit of hydrogen sulfide is less than or equal to 10ppb, the detection limit of ammonia gas is less than or equal to 10ppb, and the detection limit of TVOC is less than or equal to 10 ppb; the detection limit of non-methane total hydrocarbon is less than or equal to 50ppb, and the detection limit of benzene series is less than or equal to1 ppb;
3. a central station: an online gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, a gas-flight time mass spectrometer or an online analyzer with thermal desorption or condensation enrichment and other pretreatment functions is selected as a monitoring instrument.
The central station is a core point of the whole system, and is mainly used for realizing the automatic traceability analysis function of a complex area by utilizing a source analysis model based on the fingerprint characteristics of a risk unit and accurately identifying the pollution source in a coverage area. The monitoring factor PMAS + EPATO15 contains 107 compounds such as alkane, olefin, benzene series, halogenated hydrocarbon, aldehyde ketone and the like among C2-C14 organic matters, and the detection limit is less than or equal to 0.1 ppb. Therefore, the device selects an online Gas Chromatography (GC) with thermal desorption or condensation enrichment pretreatment function, a gas mass spectrometer (GC-MS), a gas-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF) or other online analytical instruments meeting the technical requirements. In addition, corresponding analysis station rooms are required to be equipped during construction of the central station, and supporting facilities such as an air conditioner, a UPS power supply and a workbench are also required to be equipped.
In addition, each station of the central station, the boundary station and the node station is provided with a meteorological instrument, and monitoring items of the meteorological instrument comprise temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction.
S3: constructing a traceability and early warning informatization platform: on the basis of the construction of the automatic monitoring station in the step S2, pollutant monitoring information is transmitted to the platform in real time through data transmission and system integration, the implementation and analysis of pollutant data collected by each station are realized, the visualization of pollutants is realized by utilizing various display modes, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1: data transmission: the networking communication selects proper network access modes such as light, wireless and LoRa according to the actual conditions of enterprises;
3.2: monitoring a map: comprehensively displaying the positions of all the sites and the gas concentration data information, meteorological information and the like acquired by a monitoring instrument in real time on an enterprise map, and dynamically displaying the colors of monitoring point location icons according to the current characteristic pollution factor monitoring numerical value;
3.3: risk unit fingerprint: and inputting fingerprint information of each risk unit. The fingerprint is a plurality of groups of component concentration data for representing the emission characteristics of the risk unit, represents the correlation between main emission pollutants of the risk unit and has uniqueness. The fingerprint map library is used for matching and judging whether a sensitive area is related to a certain risk unit or not, and can also be combined with some analysis algorithms to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the influence degree of the pollution condition of the sensitive area by the certain risk unit.
The establishment method of the risk unit fingerprint comprises the following steps: designing a monitoring scheme according to the characteristics of the risk units, and continuously monitoring for a long period to obtain monitoring data of the risk units; further removing abnormal and undetected data groups aiming at the acquired large amount of monitoring data; and finally, extracting the intrinsic relevance substance combination in the monitoring data by using processing methods such as correlation analysis, component analysis, optimization algorithm and the like, and forming the fingerprint of the risk unit after normalization.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for establishing the risk unit fingerprint comprises the following steps:
monitoring the concentration of pollutants in each risk unit, wherein the monitoring period is not less than 7 days;
(1) monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the risk unit: setting monitoring points outside the downwind distance of the risk unit by 2m from the boundary of the risk unit, wherein 3 points are set in the downwind direction, and 1 point is set as a background point;
collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by using a Suma tank, and carrying out concentration analysis by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) or GC-TOF (gas chromatography-time of flight ranging);
direct detection of NH by malodorous gas analyzer3And H2The malodorous OU value of S;
the acquisition period is not less than 7 days, and the monitoring point location arrangement fully considers the change of substances discharged by the risk units under different wind directions and wind speeds, so that the monitoring result is ensured to describe the discharge characteristics of the risk units as accurately as possible.
(2) Monitoring of pollutant emission concentration at receptor sites: 3 monitoring points are arranged outside the downwind direction of the risk unit by 2m from the boundary of the pollution source, and the 3 monitoring points are arranged according to a shape like a Chinese character pin;
collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by using a Suma tank, and carrying out concentration analysis by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) or GC-TOF (gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry);
direct detection of NH by malodorous gas analyzer3、H2S and an odor OU value;
the acquisition period is not less than 7 days, and the monitoring point location arrangement fully considers the change of substances discharged by the risk units under different wind directions and wind speeds, so that the monitoring result is ensured to describe the discharge characteristics of the risk units as accurately as possible.
Wherein, in the process of monitoring the emission of the risk units and the receptor points, the collection height of the suma tank is 1.5m, and the collection time is 1 h. The organic matter between C2 and C14 includes 108 kinds of organic matter, such as alkane, olefin, chlorinated hydrocarbon, benzene series, etc.
Secondly, screening the data obtained by monitoring in the first step, wherein the screening method of the data comprises the following steps: classifying and summarizing all monitoring data according to the downwind direction and background points, respectively calculating the average value of the monitoring concentration of each substance, and screening the average values as follows;
(1) removing substances with the average value of the monitoring concentration of the background points larger than the average value of the monitoring concentration of the downwind direction from the monitoring factors;
(2) pollutants of which the monitored concentration is not detected or the average value of the monitored concentration is 0 and the number of the pollutants exceeds 50 percent of all monitored numbers of the pollutants are removed from the monitoring factors; in other words, in multiple monitoring data, the concentration of a certain substance is not detected, and the pollutant is removed from the monitoring factor; or in the multiple monitoring data, the proportion that the monitoring concentration of a certain pollutant is 0 accounts for more than 50% of the total amount, and the substance is also removed from the monitoring factors;
(3) the difference between the average value of the monitoring concentration of a single pollutant and the P75 quantile value thereof is less than 1ug/m3Wherein P75 represents the 75% value of all data of the contaminant arranged from small to large.
Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: and (3) further separating the residual data processed in the step (II) by utilizing a factor analysis method to obtain a group of pollutant combinations with extremely strong internal relevance, then calculating the root mean square value concentration of each pollutant in the combinations, and forming a pollution source fingerprint spectrum after normalization, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) performing factor analysis on multi-day monitoring data corresponding to a single risk unit by taking each monitoring point position as a variable of the factor analysis and taking the substance concentration as a factor, extracting a factor with a characteristic value of more than or equal to1, performing factor decomposition by using a main component, and rotating by a maximum variance method to obtain a rotating load matrix, wherein the step is completed by SPPS software;
(2) extracting pollutants of which the content is more than or equal to 0.55 in a first factor of a rotating load matrix;
(3) calculating the root mean square value of all point monitoring concentrations of each extracted pollutant, wherein the root mean square value calculation method adopts the following formula:
in the formula: xrms-the root mean square value of the concentration of a substance to be monitored, mg/m3；
Xi-concentration of the nth sample of a substance, mg/m3；
N is the number of all monitoring point positions in a certain material period, and is dimensionless.
3.4: tracing and analyzing: by establishing the fingerprint characteristics of the risk units, the central station analyzes data on line as receptor point data, and realizes regional pollutant source analysis by using a chemical mass balance method;
3.5: diffusion distribution: acquiring the diffusion condition of pollutants and tracking the diffusion track by using a small-scale pollution diffusion model in combination with parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, geographical position, building obstacles and the like and monitoring data of boundary positions;
3.6: monitoring and early warning: calculating data collected by a monitoring instrument, comparing the data with a preset threshold range and a preset range to obtain early warning information, storing and displaying the early warning information, and notifying the early warning information to related contacts according to the early warning threshold;
the setting method of the early warning threshold value comprises the following steps: alarm values of all monitoring factors of the central station are set according to limit values specified by relevant standards, and alarm values of all monitoring factors of the boundary station and the node station are set according to limit values specified by national standards or local standards; the early warning value threshold is 80% of the warning value;
3.7: and (3) statistical query: the historical data is summarized, inquired and compared by using a multi-dimensional inquiry and statistic function of a histogram, a line graph, a radar chart, a chart and the like;
3.8: the terminal equipment: electronic terminal products interacting with server data are mainly a computer end and a mobile phone end.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for constructing a refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: enterprise environmental risk assessment, wherein the enterprise environmental risk assessment comprises monitoring factor identification and risk unit identification;
s2: construction of a monitoring site: based on the monitoring factors and risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point location layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system with multiple monitoring instruments jointly applied;
s3: constructing a traceability and early warning informatization platform: on the basis of the construction of the automatic monitoring station in the step S2, pollutant monitoring information is transmitted to the platform in real time through data transmission and system integration, the pollutant data collected by each station is analyzed in real time, and the pollutants are visualized by using various display modes.
2. The method for constructing a refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, forewarning and traceability system of claim 1, wherein in step S1, said monitoring factors comprise at least one of total hydrocarbons, non-methane total hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene series and malodorous OU values.
3. The method for constructing the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the risk unit identification method is as follows: dividing the production units of the factory boundary of the enterprise, wherein the production units with similar processes and edge distances less than 50m can be combined into a risk unit; the identified major, major risk elements serve as the monitoring targets for the system.
4. The method for building an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system for refining and chemical enterprises according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the monitoring point location is divided into according to the relationship between function and risk unit: the monitoring point location distribution method comprises the following specific steps of a node station, a boundary station and a central station, wherein the monitoring point location distribution method comprises the following specific steps:
the node station is arranged on the crossed boundary of the two risk units, and the distance between the height sampling port and the ground is 1.5-2.0 m;
the boundary station is arranged at the intersection position where the center point of the risk unit is vertical to the factory boundary, the boundary station is close to the factory boundary and simultaneously avoids the relatively open area of shelters such as trees and the like as far as possible, the height is set to be that the boundary sampling port with the enclosing wall is 20-50cm higher than the enclosing wall, and the height of the sampling port without the enclosing wall from the ground is 1.5-2.0 m;
the central station is arranged in the middle of the risk units or in a receptor area affected by the risk units, and the height of the sampling port is 2.5-5 m away from the ground.
5. The refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system construction method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in step S2, the method for monitoring point location layout comprises: in the boundary close to the peripheral enterprises or the residential areas, the average distance between monitoring point positions is less than or equal to 300 m;
and in the boundary without other enterprises or residential areas, the average distance between monitoring point locations is less than or equal to 600 m.
6. The method for constructing the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S2, the selection method of the node station monitoring instrument is as follows: the TVOC is used as a monitoring factor, and a sensor type analytical instrument adopting the principle of photo-ion detection has a detection limit less than or equal to 10 ppb.
7. The method for constructing the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S2, the method for selecting the boundary station monitoring instrument is as follows:
A. for units without risk of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, a sensor type analytical instrument or a flame ionization detection instrument adopting a light ion detection principle is used as a monitoring instrument;
B. for the risk units with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or other peculiar smell gas emission, an electronic nose or a gas analyzer with the same function is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
C. monitoring factors of the pollutant diffusion path facing to the residential area are a risk unit of an odorous OU value, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, non-methane total hydrocarbon and benzene series, and an electronic nose and a gas chromatograph are used as monitoring instruments.
8. The method for constructing the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S2, the central station monitoring instrument is selected by the following method: an online gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, a gas-flight time mass spectrometer or an online analyzer with thermal desorption or condensation enrichment and other pretreatment functions is selected as a monitoring instrument.
9. The method for constructing the refinery enterprise atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the central station, the boundary stations and the node stations are further equipped with meteorological monitoring instruments for monitoring the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction of the stations.
10. The method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system for a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the specific method for constructing the tracing and early warning informatization platform comprises the following steps:
3.1 data transmission;
3.2 monitoring map: comprehensively displaying the positions of all the sites and the gas concentration data information, meteorological information and the like acquired by a monitoring instrument in real time on an enterprise map, and dynamically displaying the colors of monitoring point location icons according to the current characteristic pollution factor monitoring numerical value;
3.3 Risk Unit fingerprint: inputting fingerprint information of each risk unit;
3.4 tracing analysis: by establishing the fingerprint characteristics of the risk units, the central station analyzes data on line as receptor point data, and realizes regional pollutant source analysis by using a chemical mass balance method;
3.5 diffusion profile: acquiring the diffusion condition of pollutants and tracking the diffusion track by using a small-scale pollution diffusion model in combination with parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, geographical position, building obstacles and the like and monitoring data of boundary positions;
3.6 monitoring and early warning: calculating data acquired by a monitoring instrument, comparing the data with a preset threshold range and a preset range to acquire early warning information, storing and displaying the early warning information, and notifying related contacts of the early warning information according to an early warning threshold;
3.7 statistical query: the historical data is summarized, inquired and compared by using a multi-dimensional inquiry and statistic function of a histogram, a line graph, a radar chart, a chart and the like;
3.8 terminal equipment.
11. The method for constructing the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise as claimed in claim 10, wherein in step S3.6, the method for setting the early warning threshold value is as follows: alarm values of all monitoring factors of the central station are set according to limit values specified by relevant standards, and alarm values of all monitoring factors of the boundary station and the node station are set according to limit values specified by national standards or local standards; the early warning value threshold is 80% of the warning value.
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