CN112540148B - Construction method of atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and traceability system of refining enterprise - Google Patents
Construction method of atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and traceability system of refining enterprise Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
- G01N33/0032—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array using two or more different physical functioning modes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
- G01N33/0063—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display using a threshold to release an alarm or displaying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00722—Communications; Identification
- G01N35/00871—Communications between instruments or with remote terminals
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system construction method, in particular to a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise. The construction method of the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise comprises the following steps: s1: evaluating the environmental risk of an enterprise; s2: monitoring site construction: based on the monitoring factors and the risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point position layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system for combined application of various monitoring instruments; s3: and constructing a tracing and early warning informatization platform. The construction method of the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise provided by the invention selects the monitoring factors capable of representing the pollution characteristics of the refining enterprise, relies on various high-sensitivity equipment, combines the production unit fingerprint technology and the pollutant source analysis technology to form an omnibearing atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system, and establishes a novel pollution control mode of the refining enterprise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system construction method, in particular to a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise.
Background
The refining enterprises refer to oil refining enterprises and chemical enterprises taking petroleum and natural gas as raw materials, and are important prop industries in China. The refining production is generally under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the generated partial materials have inflammable and explosive properties and toxic properties, so that some pollutants are inevitably discharged, and adverse effects on water pollution, atmospheric pollution, solid waste pollution and the like are caused to the environment. In recent years, accidents such as serious safety production, natural gas transportation, storage explosion and the like continuously occur in the domestic refining industry, a series of pollution problems are caused to the regional environment, the health life of people is seriously influenced, and the problems are also more and more emphasized.
The main problems caused by the emission of atmospheric pollutants in the refining enterprises are as follows: (1) The emission of the peculiar smell gas affects the surrounding environment and the health of residents, and becomes an environment-friendly complaint hot spot, and the contradiction between enterprises and people is prominent; (2) The processing loss of enterprises is increased, and the economic benefit of the enterprises is affected; (3) The safety accidents are easy to occur, and when the leakage amount of VOCs is large, fire explosion accidents are easy to occur, so that the safety production of the device is influenced; (4) The method is easy to cause life hazard to on-site operators, and the leakage of high toxic substances such as cancerogenic substances such as benzene series and the like and hydrogen sulfide and the like seriously affect the health of the workers.
At present, whether the enterprise monitors by itself or by a third party detection mechanism, law enforcement department monitors by adopting a Suma tank or an air bag for manual sampling, and the laboratory analysis is mainly used, and the monitoring is performed once every quarter or half year. On the one hand, the method cannot effectively monitor the pollutant change of enterprises in real time comprehensively, cannot accurately grasp the pollutant source, on the other hand, cannot form long-term and continuous observation data, cannot study the pollutant emission trend of the enterprises, and therefore the enterprises cannot control the high-risk units in a targeted manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a construction method of an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a construction method of an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps:
s1: an enterprise environmental risk assessment, the enterprise environmental risk assessment comprising monitoring factor identification and risk unit identification;
s2: monitoring site construction: based on the monitoring factors and the risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point position layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system for combined application of various monitoring instruments;
s3: constructing a tracing and early warning informatization platform: on the basis of the construction of the automatic monitoring site in the step S2, pollutant monitoring information is transmitted to the platform in real time through data transmission and system integration, so that the pollutant data collected by each site are analyzed in real time, and the visualization of pollutants is realized by utilizing various display modes.
Preferably, in step S1, the monitoring factor includes at least one of total hydrocarbons, non-methane total hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene series, and malodor OU.
Preferably, in step S1, the method for identifying the risk unit includes: dividing production units in factory boundaries of enterprises, wherein the production units with similar processes and edge distances smaller than 50m can be combined into a risk unit; the identified primary, significant risk units are targeted for monitoring of the system.
Under the preferred condition, in step S2, the monitoring points are classified into: the method for distributing the monitoring points comprises the following steps of:
the node station is arranged at the boundary of the intersection of the two risk units, and the distance between the height sampling port and the ground is 1.5-2.0m;
the boundary station is arranged at the intersection position of the central point of the risk unit and the factory boundary, and is close to the factory boundary and avoids the relatively open areas of the shielding objects such as trees as far as possible, the boundary sampling port with the enclosing wall is 20-50cm higher than the enclosing wall, and the sampling port without the enclosing wall is 1.5-2.0m away from the ground;
the central station is arranged in the middle of the multiple risk units or in the receptor area affected by the multiple risk units together, and the sampling port is arranged at a height of 2.5-5 m away from the ground.
Under the preferred condition, in step S2, the method for laying out the monitoring points is as follows: the average distance between monitoring points is less than or equal to 300m at the boundary of nearby enterprises or living residential areas;
and the average distance between monitoring points is less than or equal to 600m at the boundary of no other enterprises or living residential areas.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for selecting the node station monitoring apparatus includes: the TVOC is taken as a monitoring factor, and a sensor type analytical instrument adopting a photoionization detection principle is adopted, wherein the detection limit is less than or equal to 10ppb.
Preferably, in step S2, the boundary station monitoring apparatus selecting method includes:
A. for the risk units without hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, a sensor type analysis instrument or an FID method detection instrument based on the photo-ion detection principle is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
B. for the risk units with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or other odor gas emission, an electronic nose or a gas analyzer with the same function is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
C. the monitoring factors for the pollutant diffusion path facing the residential area are malodorous OU value, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, non-methane total hydrocarbon and benzene series risk units, and meanwhile, an electronic nose and a gas chromatograph are used as monitoring instruments.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for selecting the central station monitoring instrument includes: an online gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, a gas-time-of-flight mass spectrometer or an online analysis instrument with pretreatment functions such as thermal desorption or condensation enrichment is selected as a monitoring instrument.
Preferably, the central station, the boundary stations and the node stations are further provided with weather monitoring instruments for monitoring the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction of the stations.
Under the preferred condition, in step S3, the specific method for constructing the traceability and early warning informatization platform includes the following steps:
3.1 data transmission;
3.2 monitoring map: comprehensively displaying the position of each site and gas concentration data information, meteorological information and the like acquired by a monitoring instrument in real time on an enterprise map, and dynamically displaying the icon color of the monitoring point according to the monitoring value of the current characteristic pollution factor;
3.3 risk unit fingerprint: inputting fingerprint information of each risk unit;
3.4 traceability analysis: establishing fingerprint characteristics of the risk units, taking on-line analysis data of the central station as receptor point data, and realizing regional pollutant source analysis by using a chemical mass balance method;
3.5 diffusion profile: combining parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, geographic position, building obstacle and the like, and monitoring data of boundary positions, acquiring the diffusion condition of pollutants by using a small-scale pollution diffusion model, and tracking a diffusion track;
3.6 monitoring and early warning: calculating the data acquired by the monitoring instrument, comparing the data with a preset threshold range and a preset measuring range to acquire early warning information, storing and displaying the early warning information, and notifying the relevant contacts of the early warning information according to the early warning threshold;
3.7 statistical query: the summarization, inquiry and comparison of historical data are realized by using multi-dimensional inquiry statistical functions such as a histogram, a line graph, a radar graph, a chart and the like;
3.8 terminal equipment.
Further preferably, in step S3.6, the method for setting the early warning threshold is as follows: the alarm values of the monitoring factors of the central station are set according to the limit values specified by the relevant standards, and the alarm values of the monitoring factors of the boundary station and the node station are set according to the limit values specified by national standards or local standards; the early warning value threshold value is 80% of the warning value.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the online monitoring device, the system platform and the data analysis are integrated to form an online omnibearing monitoring system, so that the dynamic characteristics of pollutants of enterprises are accurately mastered, the real-time early warning of exceeding the standard of the pollutants and the accurate tracing function of the pollutants in high-risk areas are realized, the enterprises can better master the conditions and sources of the pollutants, and the intelligent level of pollution control of the enterprises is improved.
2. The method for constructing the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise fully considers the characteristics of dense devices, multiple pollutant types, high pollutant similarity among production devices, high pollution intensity and the like of the refining enterprise, analyzes the relevance between the production devices and boundaries, selects monitoring factors capable of representing the pollution characteristics of the refining enterprise, combines various high-sensitivity devices, forms an omnibearing atmospheric pollutant monitoring system which is covered by an outer layer and specifically analyzes key positions from inside, and establishes a novel pollution control mode of the refining enterprise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method of an atmospheric pollutant monitoring and early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a construction method of an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps:
s1: an enterprise environmental risk assessment, the enterprise environmental risk assessment comprising monitoring factor identification and risk unit identification;
the conventional monitoring factors in the refining enterprises mainly comprise total hydrocarbon, non-methane total hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, benzene series and malodorous OU values, and if a sewage treatment unit is close to the boundary, organic sulfide can be added as the monitoring factors; in addition, the external enterprise may be spread to the pollutant information of the enterprise and also can be used as one of the monitoring factors.
The risk unit identification method comprises the following steps: dividing the factory boundary production device of the enterprise, and analyzing main risk units of the enterprise by the methods of process data analysis, field investigation, visit investigation, data review, navigation monitoring and the like. Production units with similar processes and edge distances less than 50m can be combined into one risk unit, and the identified main and important risk units are used as monitoring targets of the system.
S2: monitoring site construction: based on the monitoring factors and the risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point position layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system for combined application of various monitoring instruments;
s2.1: monitoring point location layout
In the process of arranging the monitoring points, economic cost and refining enterprise risk factors need to be comprehensively considered, the points are arranged along the perimeter of the enterprise in a targeted manner according to the relationship between the perimeter and other enterprises or residential areas, and under the preferred condition, the method for arranging the monitoring points comprises the following steps: the average distance between the points is less than or equal to 300m at the boundary of nearby surrounding enterprises or living residential areas; the average distance between the points is less than or equal to 600m at the boundary of no other enterprises or living residential areas.
The monitoring points are divided into the following components according to the relation between the functions and the risk units: the node station, the boundary station and the central station are combined to realize the omnibearing and dynamic monitoring of the pollutants of the refining enterprises. In order to solve the dynamic change characteristics of pollutants, distinguish the pollution limit of peripheral enterprises, and process the pollution control works such as peripheral resident complaints, pollution accident early warning, tracing and the like, a technical basis is provided. The method for arranging the monitoring points specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the node station is arranged at the boundary of the intersection of the two risk units, and the distance between the height sampling port and the ground is 1.5-2.0m;
2. the boundary station is arranged at the intersection position of the central point of the risk unit and the factory boundary, and is close to the factory boundary and avoids the relatively open areas of the shielding objects such as trees as far as possible, the boundary sampling port with the enclosing wall is 20-50cm higher than the enclosing wall, and the sampling port without the enclosing wall is 1.5-2.0m away from the ground;
3. the central station is arranged in the middle of the multiple risk units or in the receptor area affected by the multiple risk units, the height of the sampling port is 2.5m-5m away from the ground, and in addition, the influence of shielding objects such as surrounding buildings and trees, gas density difference and other factors on the effect of collecting gas in the vertical direction is also fully considered.
S2.2: selection of monitoring instruments
1. Node station: the node station is an auxiliary point of the whole system and is used for judging the approximate source of pollutants according to preliminary early warning of wind direction, and the general monitoring factor of the node station is total hydrocarbons (TVOC), so that the detection limit of the sensor type analytical instrument adopting the Photoionization (PID) detection principle is less than or equal to 10ppb.
2. Boundary station: the boundary station is a main point of the whole system and is used for monitoring the dynamic change characteristics of pollutants and early warning in real time, and the monitoring instrument of the boundary station is selected to be divided into 3 conditions:
(1) For the risk units without hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, the corresponding monitoring factors are total hydrocarbons (TVOC) and non-methane total hydrocarbons, so a sensor type analysis instrument or a flame ionization detection instrument (FID) adopting a Photoionization (PID) detection principle is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
(2) For the risk units with the emission of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or other peculiar smell gases, the corresponding monitoring factors are the foul smell OU value, the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the total hydrocarbon (TVOC), and an electronic nose or a gas analyzer with the same function is adopted as a monitoring instrument; wherein the maximum detection limit of the foul smell OU value is 1, the detection limit of hydrogen sulfide is less than or equal to 10ppb, the detection limit of ammonia is less than or equal to 10ppb, and the detection limit of TVOC is less than or equal to 10ppb;
(3) For the risk units of the pollution diffusion path facing the residential area, which are the foul smell OU value, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, non-methane total hydrocarbon and benzene series, the electronic nose is adopted as a monitoring instrument to monitor the foul smell OU value, the hydrogen sulfide and the ammonia, and the gas chromatograph is adopted as a monitoring instrument to monitor the concentration of the non-methane total hydrocarbon and the benzene series; wherein the maximum detection limit of the foul smell OU value is 1, the detection limit of hydrogen sulfide is less than or equal to 10ppb, the detection limit of ammonia is less than or equal to 10ppb, and the detection limit of TVOC is less than or equal to 10ppb; the detection limit of the total non-methane hydrocarbon is less than or equal to 50ppb, and the detection limit of benzene series is less than or equal to 1ppb;
3. the central station: an online gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, a gas-time-of-flight mass spectrometer or an online analysis instrument with pretreatment functions such as thermal desorption or condensation enrichment is selected as a monitoring instrument.
Because the central station is a core point of the whole system, the central station mainly acts as a fingerprint spectrum characteristic based on a risk unit, and utilizes a source analysis model to realize an automatic tracing analysis function of a complex area, so that pollution sources in a coverage area can be accurately identified. The monitoring factor PMAS+EPATO15 contains 107 compounds such as alkane, alkene, benzene series, halohydrocarbon, aldehyde ketone and the like among C2-C14 organic matters, and the detection limit is less than or equal to 0.1ppb. Therefore, the equipment selects an online Gas Chromatograph (GC), a gas mass spectrometer (GC-MS), a gas-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF) or other online analytical instruments meeting technical requirements, which are accompanied with pretreatment functions such as thermal desorption or condensation enrichment. In addition, the central station needs to be equipped with corresponding analysis station houses during construction, and is equipped with supporting facilities such as air conditioners, UPS power supplies, workbenches and the like.
In addition, each site of the central station, the boundary station and the node station is provided with a meteorological instrument, and meteorological instrument monitoring items comprise temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction.
S3: constructing a tracing and early warning informatization platform: on the basis of the construction of the automatic monitoring site in the step S2, pollutant monitoring information is transmitted to the platform in real time through data transmission and system integration, so that pollutant data collected by each site are analyzed, and the visualization of pollutants is realized by utilizing various display modes, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1: and (3) data transmission: networking communication selects proper network access modes such as light, wireless, loRa and the like according to the actual conditions of enterprises;
3.2: monitoring map: comprehensively displaying the position of each site and gas concentration data information, meteorological information and the like acquired by a monitoring instrument in real time on an enterprise map, and dynamically displaying the icon color of the monitoring point according to the monitoring value of the current characteristic pollution factor;
3.3: risk unit fingerprint: fingerprint information of each risk unit is recorded. The fingerprint is a plurality of groups of component concentration data representing the emission characteristics of the risk units, represents the correlation among main emission pollutants of the risk units, and has uniqueness. The fingerprint spectrum library is used for matching and judging whether a certain sensitive area is related to a certain risk unit or not, and can also be combined with some analysis algorithms to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the influence degree of the pollution condition of the certain sensitive area by the certain risk unit.
The method for establishing the risk unit fingerprint comprises the following steps: according to the characteristic design monitoring scheme of the risk unit, continuously monitoring for a long period to obtain monitoring data of the risk unit; further, aiming at a large amount of acquired monitoring data, removing abnormal and undetected data sets; and finally, extracting a substance combination of the internal relevance in the monitoring data by using processing methods such as relevance analysis, component analysis, an optimization algorithm and the like, and normalizing to form the fingerprint of the risk unit.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for establishing a risk unit fingerprint includes the following steps:
1. monitoring the concentration of pollutants in each risk unit, wherein the monitoring period is not less than 7 days;
(1) Monitoring the concentration of pollutants in the risk unit: setting monitoring points outside the risk unit in the downwind direction of the risk unit by 2m from the boundary of the risk unit, wherein 3 points are set in the downwind direction, and 1 point is set in the background point;
collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by adopting a Suma tank, and analyzing the concentration by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) or GC-TOF (gas chromatography-time of flight ranging);
direct detection of NH using malodorous gas analyzer 3 And H 2 Malodor OU value of S;
the acquisition period is not less than 7 days, and the distribution of the monitoring points should fully take into account the change of the discharge substances of the risk units under different wind directions and wind speeds, so that the monitoring result is ensured to describe the discharge characteristics of the risk units as accurately as possible.
(2) Receptor site pollutant emission concentration monitoring: 3 monitoring points are arranged in the downwind direction of the risk unit beyond 2m from the pollution source boundary, and the 3 monitoring points are arranged in a 'delta' shape;
organic matters between C2 and C14 are collected by a Suma tank, and concentration analysis is carried out by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) or GC-TOF (gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry);
direct detection of NH using malodorous gas analyzer 3 、H 2 S and malodor OU values;
the acquisition period is not less than 7 days, and the distribution of the monitoring points should fully take into account the change of the discharge substances of the risk units under different wind directions and wind speeds, so that the monitoring result is ensured to describe the discharge characteristics of the risk units as accurately as possible.
In the emission monitoring process of the risk units and the receptor points, the collecting height of the gamma tank is 1.5m, and the collecting time is 1h. The organic matters between C2 and C14 comprise 108 organic matters such as alkane, alkene, chlorinated hydrocarbon, benzene series and the like.
2. Screening the data obtained in the first step, wherein the screening method of the data comprises the following steps: classifying and summarizing all monitoring data according to downwind directions and background points, respectively calculating the average value of the monitoring concentration of each substance, and carrying out the following screening;
(1) Removing substances with the average value of the background point monitoring concentration being larger than the average value of the downwind monitoring concentration from the monitoring factors;
(2) Removing pollutants with undetected pollutant monitoring concentration or monitoring concentration average value of 0 and more than 50% of all monitoring quantity of the pollutants from the monitoring factors; namely, in the multi-time monitoring data, the concentration of a certain substance is not detected, and then the pollutant is removed from the monitoring factors; or in the multi-time monitoring data, the proportion of the monitoring concentration of a certain pollutant to be 0 accounts for more than 50% of the total quantity, and the substance is also removed from the monitoring factors;
(3) The average value of the concentration of the single pollutant to be monitored is less than 1ug/m from the P75 fraction value 3 Wherein P75 represents the 75% number of the contaminant after all data are arranged from small to large.
Thirdly,: and (3) further separating the residual data processed in the second step by using a factor analysis method to obtain a group of pollutant combinations with extremely strong inherent relevance, then calculating the root mean square value concentration of each pollutant in the combinations, and normalizing to form a pollution source fingerprint spectrum, wherein the specific method is as follows:
(1) Carrying out factor analysis on multi-day monitoring data corresponding to a single risk unit by taking each monitoring point as a variable of factor analysis and the concentration of a substance as a factor, extracting a factor with a characteristic value more than or equal to1, carrying out factor decomposition by using a main component, and rotating by a maximum variance method to obtain a rotation load matrix, wherein the step is completed by SPPS software;
(2) Extracting pollutants which are more than or equal to 0.55 in a first factor of the rotary load matrix;
(3) Calculating the average root value of the monitoring concentration of all the points of each extracted pollutant, wherein the root mean square value calculation method adopts the following formula:
wherein: xrms-mean square of monitoring concentration of a substanceRoot value, mg/m 3 ；
Xi-concentration of nth sample of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
N is the number of all monitoring points in a certain substance period, and is dimensionless.
3.4: tracing analysis: establishing fingerprint characteristics of the risk units, taking on-line analysis data of the central station as receptor point data, and realizing regional pollutant source analysis by using a chemical mass balance method;
3.5: diffusion profile: combining parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, geographic position, building obstacle and the like, and monitoring data of boundary positions, acquiring the diffusion condition of pollutants by using a small-scale pollution diffusion model, and tracking a diffusion track;
3.6: monitoring and early warning: calculating the data acquired by the monitoring instrument, comparing the data with a preset threshold range and a preset measuring range to acquire early warning information, storing and displaying the early warning information, and notifying the relevant contacts of the early warning information according to the early warning threshold;
the method for setting the early warning threshold value comprises the following steps: the alarm values of the monitoring factors of the central station are set according to the limit values specified by the relevant standards, and the alarm values of the monitoring factors of the boundary station and the node station are set according to the limit values specified by national standards or local standards; the early warning value threshold value is 80% of the warning value;
3.7: and (3) statistical query: the summarization, inquiry and comparison of historical data are realized by using multi-dimensional inquiry statistical functions such as a histogram, a line graph, a radar graph, a chart and the like;
3.8: terminal equipment: the electronic terminal product which interacts with the server data is mainly a computer terminal and a mobile phone terminal.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The construction method of the atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of the refining enterprise is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: an enterprise environmental risk assessment, the enterprise environmental risk assessment comprising monitoring factor identification and risk unit identification;
s2: monitoring site construction: based on the monitoring factors and the risk units determined in the step S1, carrying out monitoring point position layout and monitoring instrument selection to form a pollutant monitoring system for combined application of various monitoring instruments;
s3: constructing a tracing and early warning informatization platform: on the basis of the construction of the automatic monitoring site in the step S2, pollutant monitoring information is transmitted to a platform in real time through data transmission and system integration, so that the pollutant data collected by each site are analyzed in real time, and the pollutants are visualized by utilizing various display modes;
the risk unit identification method comprises the following steps: dividing production units in factory boundaries of enterprises, wherein the production units with similar processes and edge distances smaller than 50m can be combined into a risk unit; the identified main and important risk units are used as monitoring targets of the system;
in step S1, the monitoring factors include at least one of total hydrocarbons, non-methane total hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene series, and malodorous OU values;
in step S2, the monitoring points are classified into the following relationships according to the functions and the risk units: the method for distributing the monitoring points comprises the following steps of: the node station is arranged at the boundary of the intersection of the two risk units, and the distance between the height sampling port and the ground is 1.5-2.0m; the boundary station is arranged at the intersection position of the central point of the risk unit and the factory boundary, and is close to the factory boundary and avoids the relatively open area of the tree shelter as much as possible, the boundary sampling port with the enclosing wall is 20-50cm higher than the enclosing wall, and the sampling port without the enclosing wall is 1.5-2.0m away from the ground; the central station is arranged in the middle of the multiple risk units or in a receptor area affected by the multiple risk units together, and the sampling port is arranged at a height of 2.5-5 m from the ground;
in step S2, the method for selecting the monitoring instrument of the node station includes: the TVOC is taken as a monitoring factor, a sensor type analytical instrument adopting a photoionization detection principle is adopted, and the detection limit is less than or equal to 10ppb;
in step S2, the method for distributing the monitoring points includes: the average distance between monitoring points is less than or equal to 300m at the boundary of nearby enterprises or living residential areas; the average distance between monitoring points is less than or equal to 600m at the boundary of no other enterprises or living residential areas;
in step S3, the specific method for constructing the tracing and early warning informatization platform includes the following steps:
3.1 data transmission;
3.2 monitoring map: comprehensively displaying the position of each site and gas concentration data information and meteorological information acquired by a monitoring instrument in real time on an enterprise map, and dynamically displaying the icon color of the monitoring point according to the monitoring value of the current characteristic pollution factor;
3.3 risk unit fingerprint: inputting fingerprint information of each risk unit;
3.4 traceability analysis: establishing fingerprint characteristics of the risk units, taking on-line analysis data of the central station as receptor point data, and realizing regional pollutant source analysis by using a chemical mass balance method;
3.5 diffusion profile: combining the wind speed, the wind direction, the geographic position, the building obstacle parameters and the monitoring data of the boundary position, acquiring the diffusion condition of the pollutants by using a small-scale pollution diffusion model, and tracking the diffusion track;
3.6 monitoring and early warning: calculating the data acquired by the monitoring instrument, comparing the data with a preset threshold range and a preset measuring range to acquire early warning information, storing and displaying the early warning information, and notifying the relevant contacts of the early warning information according to the early warning threshold;
3.7 statistical query: the summarization, query and comparison of historical data are realized by using the multi-dimensional query statistical functions of a histogram, a line graph, a radar graph and a chart;
3.8 terminal equipment.
2. The method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the method for selecting the boundary station monitoring instrument is as follows:
A. for the risk units without hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, a sensor type analysis instrument or a flame ionization detection instrument based on the photo-ion detection principle is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
B. for the risk units with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or other odor gas emission, an electronic nose or a gas analyzer with the same function is adopted as a monitoring instrument;
C. the monitoring factors for the pollutant diffusion path facing the residential area are malodorous OU value, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, non-methane total hydrocarbon and benzene series risk units, and meanwhile, an electronic nose and a gas chromatograph are used as monitoring instruments.
3. The method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the method for selecting the monitoring instrument of the central station is as follows: an online gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, a gas-time-of-flight mass spectrometer or an online analysis instrument with a thermal desorption or condensation enrichment pretreatment function is selected as a monitoring instrument.
4. The method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system for a refining enterprise according to any one of claim 1, wherein the central station, the boundary station and the node station are further equipped with weather monitoring instruments for monitoring the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction of the station.
5. The method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant monitoring, early warning and tracing system of a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in step S3.6, the method for setting the early warning threshold is as follows: the alarm values of the monitoring factors of the central station are set according to the limit values specified by the relevant standards, and the alarm values of the monitoring factors of the boundary station and the node station are set according to the limit values specified by national standards or local standards; the early warning value threshold value is 80% of the warning value.
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