CN112540147B - Regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for refining enterprises - Google Patents
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pollutant tracing method, in particular to a regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a study area; s2: investigation of contamination in the investigation region; s3: dividing pollution sources in the area; s4: monitoring pollutant emission concentration of a pollution source and a receptor point; s5: screening the data obtained by monitoring in the step S4; s6: extracting effective information from the screened data by using a factor analysis method, and normalizing to form a pollution source fingerprint spectrum; s7: the source of the contaminant is calculated. The regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for the refining enterprises can be applied to the tracing analysis of pollutants for the refining enterprises with smaller scale and denser pollution sources, and the pollutant sources can be positioned to a production device, so that the enterprises can carry out targeted treatment, and the method has important significance for enterprise management and pollution prevention improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pollutant tracing method, in particular to a regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for a refining enterprise.
Background
With the rapid development of industrialization and city of China, the influence of atmospheric pollution on human society is greater and greater, and serious threat is brought to the life production of people. Environmental awareness and requirements on living environment are also higher and higher, and complaints about the atmospheric pollution problem are continuous. Based on the severe situation of air pollution, the environmental protection department is required to analyze the air pollution sources everywhere, and meanwhile, when heavy pollution occurs, the environmental pollution sources are required to be analyzed, so that the important areas for pollution contribution are analyzed and identified, and a basis is provided for pollution control.
The prior air pollution tracing technology has larger scale, generally utilizes receptor models such as a positive fixed factor matrix method (PMF), a chemical mass balance method (CMB) and the like to carry out source analysis through long-term collection and analysis of particulate matters or VOCs samples, and the analysis result can only generally distinguish large industrial sources and contribution situations such as motor vehicles, solvent use, industry, fire coal and the like; for example, CN106841436a discloses an automatic monitoring and early warning traceability system for atmospheric VOCs in an industrial area and a method thereof, which are mainly applied to source analysis of atmospheric pollutants in urban scale; CN108108336a discloses an atmospheric pollutant tracing method for industrial parks, which is also applied to industrial parks with large difference in emission characteristics and small source number by using the tracing method and combining a diffusion model.
Compared with other pollution sources, the refining enterprises have the outstanding characteristics of heavy pollution, complex components and the like. For refining enterprises, the problems of cross contamination, unclear pollution limit, common pollution to public areas and the like are solved, and the conditions of cross contamination and common influence on receptor points are more prominent because devices are generally dense in the refining enterprises. Many areas are heavily polluted, and the health and the surrounding environment of enterprise staff are influenced. However, it is often difficult for enterprises to determine which device the pollutants come from, and thus, targeted treatment cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of cross influence and unclear sources among different pollution sources of a refining enterprise in the prior art, and provides a regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for the refining enterprise.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selection of study area: according to the distribution condition of the devices of the refining enterprises, selecting a region with complex emission sources and serious pollution as a research region;
s2: investigation of contamination in the investigation region: investigation of the type of contaminant and the distribution of the contaminant in the investigation region;
s3: the pollution sources in the area are divided according to the types of pollutants and the distribution conditions of the pollutants, and the dividing method is as follows:
(1) A production device with larger pollutant components and larger pollution intensity determined by the process, wherein one production device is identified as a pollution source;
(2) The pollutant components determined by the process are similar, the pollution intensity is high, and the production devices are connected in geographic positions and are combined into a pollution source;
(3) TVOC measured value of navigation monitoring is more than or equal to 2mg/m 3 Or polluted region with foul OU value not less than 30The method is characterized by being a pollution source;
s4: monitoring the emission concentration of pollutants at a pollution source and a receptor point, wherein the monitoring period is not less than 7 days;
s5: and (3) screening the data obtained by monitoring in the step (S4), wherein the data screening method comprises the following steps: classifying and summarizing the emission concentration data of the pollutants obtained by monitoring according to the downwind direction and the background point, respectively calculating the average value of the monitoring concentration of each pollutant, and carrying out the following screening;
(1) Removing substances with the average value of the background point monitoring concentration being larger than the average value of the downwind monitoring concentration from a pollution source;
(2) Removing substances with undetected substance monitoring concentration or monitoring concentration average value of 0 and more than 50% of all monitoring quantity of the substances from a pollution source;
(3) The average value of the concentration of the single substance is less than 1ug/m different from the P75 fraction value 3 Is removed from the source of pollution;
s6: and (3) further separating the residual data processed in the step (S5) by using a factor analysis method to obtain a group of pollutant combinations with extremely strong inherent relevance, then calculating the root mean square value concentration of each pollutant in the combination, and normalizing to form a pollution source fingerprint spectrum, wherein the root mean square value calculation method adopts the following formula:
wherein: xrms-root mean square value of monitored concentration of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
Xi-concentration of nth monitoring point of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
N, the number of all monitoring points in a certain substance period, and no dimension;
s7: and calculating the pollutant source by adopting a chemical mass balance model.
Preferably, in step S1, the longitudinal distance and the lateral distance of the investigation region are both less than 500m.
Preferably, in step S2, the contaminationInvestigation includes basic investigation and navigation monitoring; the navigation monitoring method comprises the following steps: with NH 3 、H 2 S, malodor OU value and TVOC concentration are used as monitoring factors, and the monitoring equipment is used for carrying out navigation monitoring around the research area in different time periods every day, wherein the monitoring period is not less than 7 days.
Preferably, the monitoring device is an electronic nose and/or a vehicle-mounted mass spectrometer.
Preferably, in step S4, the method for monitoring the emission concentration of the pollutant source pollutant is as follows: a monitoring point position is arranged outside the pollution source in the position 2m away from the pollution source boundary in the downwind direction, wherein a plurality of monitoring point positions are arranged in the downwind direction, and 1 monitoring point position is arranged in the background point; collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by adopting a Suma tank, and detecting the concentration of the organic matters; NH detection using malodorous gas analyzer 3 、H 2 S and malodor OU values; the acquisition period is not less than 7 days.
Under the preferable condition, the collection height of the Suma tank is 1.5-2 m, and the collection time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the concentration of the organic compound is detected using GC-MS and/or GC-TOF.
Preferably, in step S4, the method for monitoring the emission concentration of the pollutant at the receptor site is as follows: a monitoring point position is arranged outside the pollution source in the downwind direction 2m away from the pollution source boundary, wherein a plurality of monitoring point positions are arranged in the downwind direction; collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by adopting a Suma tank, and analyzing the concentration; direct detection of NH using malodorous gas analyzer 3 、H 2 S and malodor OU values; the acquisition period is not less than 7 days.
Under the preferred condition, in the method for monitoring the pollutant emission concentration of the receptor point, 3 monitoring points are arranged in the downwind direction, and the 3 monitoring points are arranged in a 'delta' shape.
Under the preferable condition, the collection height of the Suma tank is 1.5-2 m, and the collection time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the concentration of the organic compound is detected using GC-MS and/or GC-TOF.
Under the preferred condition, in the step S6, the method for establishing the fingerprint spectrum of the pollution source is as follows:
(1) Carrying out factor analysis on multi-day monitoring data corresponding to a single pollution source by taking each monitoring point as a variable of factor analysis and the concentration of a substance as a factor, extracting a factor with a characteristic value more than or equal to 1, carrying out factor decomposition by using a main component, and rotating by a maximum variance method to obtain a rotation load matrix;
(2) Extracting pollutants which are more than or equal to 0.55 in a first factor of the rotary load matrix;
(3) Calculating the monitoring concentration average root value of all monitoring points of each extracted pollutant;
(4) And normalizing the extracted pollutant and the corresponding root mean square value concentration to obtain the fingerprint spectrum of the pollution source.
Preferably, in step S7, the method for calculating the source of the contaminant is as follows: and (3) putting the fingerprint spectrum of each pollution source established through the S6 in the research area and the monitoring data of the receptor point to be analyzed into a chemical mass balance model CMB for tracing calculation to obtain the contribution rate of each pollution source to the receptor point, and analyzing the source of each pollutant.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, based on the monitoring data of different point positions and periods, effective information is extracted from the monitoring data by using a factor analysis method, and a pollution source fingerprint spectrum is formed after normalization, so that the established pollution source fingerprint spectrum can effectively represent the actual emission information of the pollution source, and the accuracy of pollutant source analysis is further improved.
2. The regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for the refining enterprises can be applied to the tracing analysis of pollutants for the refining enterprises with smaller scale and denser pollution sources, and the pollutant sources can be positioned to a production device, so that the enterprises can carry out targeted treatment, and the method has important significance for enterprise management and pollution prevention improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for tracing regional contaminants of a refining enterprise in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pollution source monitoring method in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of receptor site monitoring in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for a refining enterprise, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: selection of study area: according to the distribution condition of the device of the refining enterprise, selecting a region with complex emission sources (the number of the emission sources is more than or equal to 3 in the range of 200 m) and serious pollution (the judgment standard is that on-site personnel feel peculiar smell for a long time or substances with national standard limit requirements such as benzene, toluene, non-methane total hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and the like have one or more regions which exceed the standard limit value by 50 percent) as a research region, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances of the research region are less than 500m;
s2: investigation of contamination in the investigation region: knowing the general type of the contaminants in the area and the preliminary condition of the distribution of the contaminants;
the pollution investigation comprises basic investigation and navigation monitoring; the basic investigation includes: (1) basic data review: the method comprises the steps of consulting historical complaint records, environment monitoring data, criticizing reports and other data; (2) personnel interview: the method is mainly characterized in that the preliminary condition of pollution conditions and pollution distribution in an area is known in a mode of issuing an investigation table to staff in the area; (3) study of the process: the method is mainly used for consulting the production device technology existing in the area, and consulting feeding, discharging, additives and the like. The general type of pollutants in the area can be known through basic investigation, and support is provided for subsequent monitoring.
The navigation monitoring method comprises the following steps: aiming at the specificity of the pollutants of the refining enterprises, NH is adopted 3 、H 2 S, malodor OU value and TVOC concentration are monitoring factors, an electronic nose and a vehicle-mounted mass spectrum or other analysis instruments with the same functions are used as monitoring equipment, the investigation region is subjected to navigation monitoring, the navigation monitoring is carried out around a main road which is close to a device in the investigation region and allows a motor vehicle to pass, the monitoring period is not less than 7 days, and the monitoring period comprises a plurality of different time periods in the morning and afternoon.
S3: dividing pollution sources in the area; the pollution sources are divided in the following ways:
(1) The process determines a large difference in contaminant composition (a large difference in composition means that there is one or more dissimilar materials between the primary effluent of two production units) and a large intensity of contamination (a single material concentration exceeding 200 ug/m) 3 Or TVOC concentration exceeding 2000ug/m 3 ) A production device is identified as a pollution source;
(2) The pollutant components determined by the process are similar, the pollution intensity is high, and the production devices are connected in geographic positions and are combined into a pollution source;
(3) TVOC measured value of navigation monitoring is more than or equal to 4mg/m 3 Or the polluted area with the foul OU value more than or equal to 30 is regarded as a pollution source.
S4: monitoring pollutant emission concentration of a pollution source and a receptor point, wherein the monitoring period is not less than 7 days;
s4.1: monitoring the pollutant emission concentration of a pollution source:
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pollution source monitoring method, as shown in fig. 2, in step S3, the method for monitoring the emission concentration of pollutant in the pollution source is as follows:
setting monitoring points outside the pollution source boundary 2m from the downwind direction of the pollution source, wherein the downwind direction is provided with 3 points, and the background point is provided with 1 point;
collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by adopting a Suma tank, and analyzing the concentration by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) or GC-TOF (gas chromatography-time of flight ranging);
direct detection of NH using malodorous gas analyzer 3 And H 2 Malodor OU value of S;
the acquisition period is not less than 7 days, and the monitoring point position layout should fully consider the change of the pollutant source emission substances under different wind directions and wind speeds, so as to ensure that the monitoring result describes the emission characteristics of the pollutant source as accurately as possible.
S4.2: receptor site pollutant emission concentration monitoring, the method of receptor site pollutant emission concentration monitoring is the same as the pollution source monitoring method, fig. 3 is a schematic view of receptor site monitoring, as shown in fig. 3, and in step S3, the method specifically includes the following steps:
3 monitoring points are arranged in the downwind direction of the pollution source beyond 2m from the boundary of the pollution source, and the 3 monitoring points are arranged in a 'delta' shape;
organic matters between C2 and C14 are collected by a Suma tank, and concentration analysis is carried out by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer) or GC-TOF (gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry);
direct detection of NH using malodorous gas analyzer 3 、H 2 S and malodor OU values;
the acquisition period is not less than 7 days, and the monitoring point position layout should fully consider the change of the pollutant source emission substances under different wind directions and wind speeds, so as to ensure that the monitoring result describes the emission characteristics of the pollutant source as accurately as possible.
Wherein, in the emission monitoring process of the pollution source and the receptor point, the collection height of the Suma tank is 1.5m, and the collection time is 1h. The organic matters between C2 and C14 comprise 108 organic matters such as alkane, alkene, chlorinated hydrocarbon, benzene series and the like.
S5: and (3) screening the data obtained by monitoring in the step (S4), wherein the data screening method comprises the following steps: classifying and summarizing all monitoring data according to downwind directions and background points, respectively calculating the average value of the monitoring concentration of each pollutant, and carrying out the following screening;
(1) Removing substances with the average value of the background point monitoring concentration being larger than the average value of the downwind monitoring concentration from a pollution source; namely, when the average emission concentration of a certain substance at the background point is larger than the average emission concentration of the substance at the monitoring point, the substance is removed from a pollution source;
(2) Removing substances with undetected substance monitoring concentration or monitoring concentration average value of 0 and more than 50% of all monitoring quantity of the substances from a pollution source; namely, in the multi-time monitoring data, the concentration of a certain substance is not detected, and the substance is removed from a pollution source; or in the multi-time monitoring data, the proportion of the monitoring concentration of a certain substance to be 0 accounts for more than 50% of the total quantity, and the substance is also removed from a pollution source;
(3) The average value of the concentration of the single substance is less than 1ug/m different from the P75 fraction value 3 Wherein P75 represents the 75% value of all data for the substance after the substance has been arranged from small to large.
S6: and (3) further separating the residual data processed in the step (S5) by using a factor analysis method to obtain a group of pollutant combinations with extremely strong inherent relevance, then calculating the root mean square value concentration of each pollutant in the combination, and normalizing to form a pollution source fingerprint spectrum, wherein the specific method is as follows:
(1) Carrying out factor analysis on multi-day monitoring data corresponding to a single pollution source by taking each monitoring point position as a variable of factor analysis and the concentration of a substance as a factor, extracting a factor with a characteristic value more than or equal to 1, carrying out factor decomposition by using a main component, and rotating by a maximum variance method to obtain a rotary load matrix, wherein the step is completed by SPPS software;
(2) Extracting pollutants which are more than or equal to 0.55 in a first factor of the rotary load matrix;
(3) Calculating the average root value of the monitoring concentration of all the points of each extracted pollutant, wherein the root mean square value calculation method adopts the following formula:
wherein: xrms-root mean square value of monitored concentration of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
Xi-concentration of nth sample of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
N is the number of all monitoring points in a certain substance period, and is dimensionless.
S7: the method for calculating the pollutant source by adopting a chemical mass balance model comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the fingerprint spectrum of each pollution source and the monitoring data of the receptor point to be analyzed, which are established through the S6, in a research area into a chemical mass balance model CMB for tracing calculation to obtain the contribution rate of each pollution source to the receptor point, thereby realizing the accurate analysis of the pollutant source.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for the refining enterprises is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: selection of study area: according to the distribution condition of the devices of the refining enterprises, selecting a region with complex emission sources and serious pollution as a research region;
s2: investigation of contamination in the investigation region: investigation of the type of contaminant and the distribution of the contaminant in the investigation region;
s3: the pollution sources in the area are divided according to the types of pollutants and the distribution conditions of the pollutants, and the dividing method is as follows:
(1) A production device with larger pollutant components and larger pollution intensity determined by the process, wherein one production device is identified as a pollution source;
(2) The pollutant components determined by the process are similar, the pollution intensity is high, and the production devices are connected in geographic positions and are combined into a pollution source;
(3) TVOC measured value of navigation monitoring is more than or equal to 2mg/m 3 Or the pollution area with the foul smell OU value more than or equal to 30 is regarded as a pollution source;
s4: monitoring the emission concentration of pollutants at a pollution source and a receptor point, wherein the monitoring period is not less than 7 days;
s5: and (3) screening the data obtained by monitoring in the step (S4), wherein the data screening method comprises the following steps: classifying and summarizing the emission concentration data of the pollutants obtained by monitoring according to the downwind direction and the background point, respectively calculating the average value of the monitoring concentration of each pollutant, and carrying out the following screening;
(1) Removing substances with the average value of the background point monitoring concentration being larger than the average value of the downwind monitoring concentration from a pollution source;
(2) Removing substances with undetected substance monitoring concentration or monitoring concentration average value of 0 and more than 50% of all monitoring quantity of the substances from a pollution source;
(3) The average value of the concentration of the single substance is less than 1ug/m different from the P75 fraction value 3 Is removed from the source of pollution;
s6: and (3) further separating the residual data processed in the step (S5) by using a factor analysis method to obtain a group of pollutant combinations with extremely strong inherent relevance, then calculating the root mean square value concentration of each pollutant in the combination, and normalizing to form a pollution source fingerprint spectrum, wherein the root mean square value calculation method adopts the following formula:
wherein: xrms-root mean square value of monitored concentration of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
Xi-concentration of nth monitoring point of a substance, mg/m 3 ；
N, the number of all monitoring points in a certain substance period, and no dimension;
s7: calculating a pollutant source by adopting a chemical mass balance model;
in step S4, the method for monitoring the pollutant emission concentration of the pollution source and the receptor point comprises the following steps: a monitoring point position is arranged outside the pollution source in the position 2m away from the pollution source boundary in the downwind direction, wherein a plurality of monitoring point positions are arranged in the downwind direction, and 1 monitoring point position is arranged in the background point; collecting organic matters between C2 and C14 by adopting a Suma tank, and detecting the concentration of the organic matters; NH detection using malodorous gas analyzer 3 、H 2 S and malodor OU values; the acquisition period is not less than 7 days;
in step S6, the method for establishing the fingerprint spectrum of the pollution source includes: (1) Carrying out factor analysis on multi-day monitoring data corresponding to a single pollution source by taking each monitoring point as a variable of factor analysis and the concentration of a substance as a factor, extracting a factor with a characteristic value more than or equal to 1, carrying out factor decomposition by using a main component, and rotating by a maximum variance method to obtain a rotation load matrix; (2) Extracting pollutants which are more than or equal to 0.55 in a factor of the rotary load matrix; (3) Calculating the root mean square value of the monitoring concentration of all the monitoring points of each extracted pollutant; (4) And normalizing the extracted pollutant and the corresponding root mean square value concentration to obtain the fingerprint spectrum of the pollution source.
2. The method for tracing atmospheric pollutants in a regional area of a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the longitudinal distance and the transverse distance of the investigation region are both less than 500m.
3. The method for tracing regional atmospheric pollutants for a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring equipment for navigation monitoring is an electronic nose and/or a vehicle-mounted mass spectrometer.
4. The regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for the refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein the collection height of the sigma tank is 1.5-2 m, and the collection time is 0.5-2 h; and/or
The concentration of the organic is detected using GC-MS and/or GC-TOF.
5. The regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in the method for monitoring the pollutant emission concentration of the receptor site, 3 monitoring points are arranged in the downwind direction, and the 3 monitoring points are arranged in a 'delta' shape.
6. The method for tracing atmospheric pollutants in regional areas of a refining enterprise according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the calculation method of the pollutant source is as follows: and (3) putting the fingerprint spectrum of each pollution source established through the S6 in the research area and the monitoring data of the receptor point to be analyzed into a chemical mass balance model CMB for tracing calculation to obtain the contribution rate of each pollution source to the receptor point, and analyzing the source of each pollutant.
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