CN105868479A - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source apportionment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source apportionment method. The method comprises the steps of firstly, determining the research area of source apportionment according to urban industrial distribution, and then determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon featured pollutants through site sampling and analysis; subsequently, further applying a chemical mass balance method based on clustering classification identification for precisely screening and identifying sources of polycyclic aromatic bodies in the environment; finally, according to the featured pollutants and the contribution rate of the featured pollutants to source apportionment of the pollutants in the environment, determining the source type and the influential degree of the featured pollutants. By means of the method, the sources of the pollutants can be traced rapidly and accurately, practicability is great, and the method is suitable for application and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contamination sources analytic method technical field, be specifically related to a kind of chemistry based on Cluster Classification identification
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment of mass balance.
Background technology
Source resolution (source apportionment) is that research polluter is on the impact of ambient contamination and effect
A kind of method.Current polluter analytic technique substantially can be divided into three kinds: inventory analysis method, diffusion model and receptor model.
Inventory analysis method is by observation and the source emission amount of simulating pollution thing, discharge characteristics and discharge geographical distribution etc., sets up list
A kind of Source Apportionment of model；Diffusion model belongs to prediction type model, and it is the emissions data by inputting each polluter
With the change in time and space situation that relevant parameter information predicts pollutant；Receptor model is then by the chemistry of acceptor sample and micro-
Analyzing, determine a class technology of each polluter contribution rate, its final purpose is to identify polluter contributive to receptor, and fixed
Amount calculates the share rate of each polluter.
Currently it is through source spectrum and factor loading for the polluter recognition methods that polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant is main
Figure observe and realize qualitative comparison, or realize sxemiquantitative by the deviation calculating source spectrum and factor loading and compare.These methods
Not accounting for polluting the nonlinear characteristic of source spectrum, recognition result can not truly reflect factor loading and the corresponding pass polluting source spectrum more
System, actual application value is the lowest.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide for a kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment, first with based on fast clustering analysis to polluter
It is identified, and then recycling Chemical mass balance mode Source Apportionment resolves, and discloses polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source emission composition comprehensively
Feature, screening can indicate that the signature identification thing of pollution source.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, inventor provide techniques below scheme.
A kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment, operating procedure includes:
Step one, determines the survey area in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source；
Emission source complexity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon need to be selected dirty according to the overall city planning of place, survey area and industrial sector layout
Contaminate serious region as investigation region.
Step 2, carries out the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source in survey area, and fact-finding process includes:
(1) basic data is collected；(2) on-site inspection；(3) data process&analysis；(4) the choosing and respectively of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant
Monitoring information Database；
Specifically include:
(1) basic data is collected
By to related data (such as masses' complaint, Pollutant source investigation data base, polluter archives, environmental monitoring data, environmental impact assessment report
Accuse) collection and finishing analysis, grasp the distribution of survey area polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated industry and enterprise, therefrom filter out and there is representative
Property, the more prominent industry and enterprise of impact, determine the polluter list to investigate further.
(2) on-site inspection
Major polluting sources are carried out on-site inspection (including layouting, sampling and analyze test).Production technology according to polluter,
The factors such as production procedure, the generation mechanism of pollutant and form of export, with reference to investigation of pollution sources specification, determine and layout and sample
Method.Monitoring index includes constituent concentration index.
(3) data process&analysis
To investigation of pollution sources and Monitoring Data, in conjunction with data unique characteristics and survey objective, the statistical method of science is used to carry out
Taxonomic revision and statistical analysis.
(4) the choosing and each monitoring information Database of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant
According to data results, choose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant, and set up monitoring information data base.
Step 3, on the basis of the survey result of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source, under analysis different situations, polluter is to environment
Impact, it is determined that affect the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source of survey area；
Different situations include: (1) single polluter is positioned at environment sensitive spot, in such cases, according to polluter and environment sensitive
The relative position relation of point, formulates corresponding monitoring scheme, analyzes the influence degree of the environmentally sensitive point of polluter；(2) multiple
Different types of polluter is positioned at environment sensitive spot, in such cases, is analyzed according to the characteristic contamination matter of each polluter
Differentiate；(3) polluter of multiple same types is positioned at environment sensitive spot, and this situation is more complicated, need to be to the source strength of polluter
Test, and combined mathematical module judge each polluter affect size.
Step 4, identifies the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon signature identification thing of all kinds of emission source, sets up and can reflect discharge of pollutant sources feature
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source dactylogram；
The recognition methods of described polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon signature identification thing is: consider containing of each polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon component in target stains
Amount i.e. objective indicator, determines its pollution type according to its derived components spectrum.
Step 5, application Fast Speed Clustering carries out the identification of polluter, uses Matlab software programming, it is achieved calculate
Machine is to the comparison between polluter；
Described application Fast Speed Clustering carries out the identification of polluter, including: the first step, pretreatment and initialization；Second step,
Output training sample pair.
Described employing Matlab software programming, is that first analytical data is converted into the quantity that computer can accept
Change matrix, data are standardized process, eliminate dimension impact, it is achieved computer to spectrogram quick, accurately compare.
Step 6, builds Chemical mass balance mode Source Apportionment based on fast clustering analysis, i.e. first based on polluter
The identification of the factor loading of spectrum, as the identification problem of multiparameter model, utilizes fast clustering analysis to carry out the identification of polluter；
The disaggregated model that recycling has identified utilizes the calculating of the polluter contribution rate of Chemical mass balance mode method realization factor load, real
The source resolution of existing characteristic contamination；Specifically include:
(1) application fast clustering analysis algorithm carries out the identification classification of polluter；
Fast clustering analysis algorithm is a kind of clustering algorithm based on division methods.The main thought of this algorithm is attempt to n
Individual object provides k division (k≤n), and each division represents one bunch (class).First, arbitrarily select k object as k
The meansigma methods of bunch (class) or center.To other object remaining, according to them and the similarity at each bunch (class) center, respectively will
They are assigned to most like bunch (class).Then recalculate the meansigma methods of each new bunch (class), then by each object with each bunch
Meansigma methods compare, object is assigned to most like certain bunch (class).This process constantly repeats, until object function is restrained
To little.
The quality object function J of Clustering Effect represents:
The concrete steps of the fast clustering analysis algorithm applied include:
1. k object in optionally n data object is as initial cluster center；
2. to remaining each object, according to its distance with each bunch of center, it is assigned to nearest bunch；
3. formula is utilized(i=1,2 ..., n;J=1,2 ..., k) recalculate each class center, and use formulaCalculate criterion function value J nowi；
4. new distribution formula is calculated: assumeIn class n, if, by sampleIt is assigned to class m
In, then calculate the criterion function value after now distribution；
If 5.Stop calculating, otherwise c=c+1, repeat 3., 4., 5. walk.
(2) applied chemistry mass balance method carries out polluter calculating, and formula used is
Wherein,——Pollutant concentration in receptor,
TheThe polluter contribution rate to pollutant,
TheIn polluterThe concentration of pollutant,
Uncertain error；
This process includes:
The first step, data prediction；
Including examination & verification, the selection of pollutant variable and three processes of acceptor density data normalization of data, i.e.
1. the examination & verification of data: include not detecting item, lacks item, the identification of exceptional value, judges and processes；
2. the selection of pollutant variable, introduces signal to noise ratio, if certain pollutant signal to noise ratio is too small or is less than the ratio of detection limit
Relatively big, then cannot be used for carrying out factorial analysis；
3. data normalization: standardizing average values；
Second step, the calculating of source contribution rate, formula used is
Wherein: S is polluter finger printing；For its transposed matrix；For effective variance diagonal matrix；D is sample concentration；
3rd step, source contribution rate iteration deviation calculates, and formula used is
Till deviation is less than 0.0001, wherein,For the contribution rate in k source,Contribution rate for+1 source of kth；
4th step, source contribution rate uncertainty deviation calculates, and formula used is
Wherein,For its transposed matrix,For effective variance diagonal matrix in k+1 source,For polluter finger printing i-th
Plant jth pollutant.
Above-mentioned the most all using Matlab software programming, first analytical data is converted into computer can connect
The quantization matrices being subject to, then data are standardized process, eliminate dimension impact, it is achieved computer to spectrogram quick,
Accurately compare.
Table 1 gives the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon marker of different industries.
Table 1
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant matter of the present invention selects to follow following principle: limiting emission in (1) regulation, standard both at home and abroad
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon material；(2) it is widely present in all kinds of polluter, or the characteristic contamination of industry；(3) there is reliable prison
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon material of survey method.
According to above principle, filter out 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon materials of the limited control of EPA as polluter resolve basic
Material, as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment provided by the present invention, first, determines grinding of source resolution according to urban industry industrial pattern
Study carefully region, then, by spot sampling, analysis, determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon characteristic contamination；Then, further applied chemistry quality
Balance method, accurately screening and the source of many cyclophanes body in environment-identification；Finally, according to characteristic contamination and in environment
The contribution rate that this contamination sources resolves, determines Source Type and the influence degree thereof of this feature pollutant.
Method provided by the present invention has the advantage that
(1) source of pollutant can be reviewed fast and accurately, practical, there is application value widely, it is possible to for ring
Border administration section tackles polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated accident, controls the pollution risk reliable technical guarantee of offer.
(2) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source emission composition characteristic can be disclosed comprehensively, filter out the signature identification thing of instruction pollution source.
Overcome traditional contamination sources analytic technique and can only substantially provide the polluter classification bigger to the contribution of environment receptor, and can not
Provide the size that receptor is contributed by concrete emission source, lack the defect to the actual directive significance that prevention and cure of pollution work.
(3) offer technical support can be improved for formulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated control way and environmental quality, make ring from now on
Border administration section, when polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated problem, can pass through system, complete Source Apportionment and corresponding data letter
Breath system, identifies rapidly polluter, thus carries out effective pollution prevention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, content of the present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the overall city planning along the line of basin, Jinjiang and industrial sector layout, select emission source complicated, seriously polluted
Region, Jinjiang as investigation region.
Carry out the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source, analyse and investigate data.
16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon materials of this data analysis mainly control limited to above-mentioned EPA carry out K-means cluster point
Analysis, result is as shown in table 3 below, table 4.Table 3 is preliminary classification center, and table 4 is final classification center.
Table 3 preliminary classification center
The final classification center of table 4
Table 5 is analysis of variance table, analyzes each clustering variable the most statistically significant, as can be seen from the table, and the 5 of the present embodiment
P value (Sig.) corresponding to individual clustering variable is the least, it is possible to determine that these 5 variablees are meaningful to the classification of the present embodiment data.
Table 5 analysis of variance table
Therefore, main constituent number is defined as 5, and the contribution rate calculating polluter through chemotherapy synergism is respectively as follows: diesel oil
Machine 27.22%, traffic tunnel 25.03%, gasoline engine 18.95%, industrial combustion 14.77% and civil 14.03%.By with
PAHs polluter dactylogram contrasts, the most identical, and because polluting the uncertainty of source spectrum, model speculates reasonable at dactylogram of former spectrum
Within range of error.
From the result of embodiment, method provided by the present invention can extract main polluter energy intuitively
Calculate corresponding contribution rate.
Claims (4)
1. a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment, it is characterised in that operating procedure includes:
Step one, determines the survey area in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source；
Step 2, carries out the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source in survey area, and fact-finding process includes:
(1) basic data is collected；(2) on-site inspection；(3) data process&analysis；(4) the choosing and respectively of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant
Monitoring information Database；
Step 3, on the basis of the survey result of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source, analyzes the polluter impact on environment under different situations,
Judge to affect the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source of survey area；
Different situations include: (1) single polluter is positioned at environment sensitive spot, and (2) multiple different types of polluter is positioned at environment
Sensitive spot, the polluter of (3) multiple same type is positioned at environment sensitive spot；
Step 4, identifies the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon signature identification thing of all kinds of emission source, sets up and can reflect the multi-ring of discharge of pollutant sources feature
Aromatic hydrocarbons source dactylogram；
Step 5, application Fast Speed Clustering carries out the identification of polluter, uses Matlab software programming, it is achieved computer pair
Comparison between polluter；
Described application Fast Speed Clustering carries out the identification of polluter, including: the first step, pretreatment and initialization；Second step,
Output training sample pair；
Step 6, builds Chemical mass balance mode Source Apportionment based on fast clustering analysis, specifically includes:
(1) application fast clustering analysis algorithm carries out the identification classification of polluter；
(2) applied chemistry mass balance method carries out polluter calculating, and formula used is
Wherein,——Pollutant concentration in receptor,
TheThe polluter contribution rate to pollutant,
TheIn polluterThe concentration of pollutant,
Uncertain error.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 2, fact-finding process is concrete
Including:
(1) basic data is collected
By to related data (such as masses' complaint, Pollutant source investigation data base, polluter archives, environmental monitoring data, environmental impact assessment report
Accuse) collection and finishing analysis, grasp the distribution of survey area polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated industry and enterprise, therefrom filter out and there is representative
Property, the more prominent industry and enterprise of impact, determine the polluter list to investigate further；
(2) on-site inspection
Major polluting sources are carried out on-site inspection (including layouting, sampling and analyze test), according to the production technology of polluter,
The factors such as production procedure, the generation mechanism of pollutant and form of export, with reference to investigation of pollution sources specification, determine and layout and sample
Method, monitoring index includes constituent concentration index；
(3) data process&analysis
To investigation of pollution sources and Monitoring Data, in conjunction with data unique characteristics and survey objective, the statistical method of science is used to carry out
Taxonomic revision and statistical analysis；
(4) the choosing and each monitoring information Database of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant
According to data results, choose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant, and set up monitoring information data base.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quick clustering described in step 6 divides
The concrete steps of analysis algorithm include:
1. k object in optionally n data object is as initial cluster center；
2. to remaining each object, according to its distance with each bunch of center, it is assigned to nearest bunch；
3. formula is utilized(i=1,2 ..., n;J=1,2 ..., k) recalculate each class center, and use formulaCalculate criterion function value J nowi；
4. new distribution formula is calculated: assumeIn class n, if, by sampleIt is assigned to class m
In, then calculate the criterion function value after now distribution；
If 5.Stop calculating, otherwise c=c+1, repeat 3., 4., 5. walk.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Source Apportionment the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the chemical quality described in step 6 is put down
The detailed process of weighing apparatus method includes:
The first step, data prediction；
Including examination & verification, the selection of pollutant variable and three processes of acceptor density data normalization of data, i.e.
1. the examination & verification of data: include not detecting item, lacks item, the identification of exceptional value, judges and processes；
2. the selection of pollutant variable, introduces signal to noise ratio, if certain pollutant signal to noise ratio is too small or is less than the ratio of detection limit
Relatively big, then cannot be used for carrying out factorial analysis；
3. data normalization: standardizing average values；
Second step, the calculating of source contribution rate, formula used is
Wherein: S is polluter finger printing；For its transposed matrix；For effective variance diagonal matrix；D is sample concentration；
3rd step, source contribution rate iteration deviation calculates, and formula used is
Till deviation is less than 0.0001, wherein,For the contribution rate in k source,Contribution rate for+1 source of kth；
4th step, source contribution rate uncertainty deviation calculates, and formula used is
Wherein,For its transposed matrix,For effective variance diagonal matrix in k+1 source,For polluter finger printing i-th
Plant jth pollutant.
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| CN110163290A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-23 | 北华航天工业学院 | A method of pollution sources are parsed based on quick clustering and Chemical mass balance mode |
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| CN110390494A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-10-29 | 成都理工大学 | The source tracing method of " three nitrogen " in the household refuse landfill sites underground water of farming region |
| CN110674570A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-10 | 山西大学 | Reverse distance model construction method for calculating contribution rates of different pollution sources to Pb pollution |
| CN110738589A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-31 | 济南大学 | method for analyzing underground water chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution source |
| CN111680422A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-18 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | Ozone source analysis method and device |
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| CN117524345A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-06 | 山东省济南生态环境监测中心 | Urban VOCs source analysis method based on receptor mode |
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Cited By (18)
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| CN106650020A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-10 | 北京师范大学 | Analysis method of complex receptor model pollution source |
| CN110096490A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-08-06 | 苏州科技大学 | Contaminated site database and its construction method |
| CN109886830A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-06-14 | 同济大学 | A kind of water supply network pollution sources tracking positioning method based on customer complaint information |
| CN109886830B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2023-07-04 | 同济大学 | Water supply network pollution source tracking and positioning method based on user complaint information |
| CN110163290A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-23 | 北华航天工业学院 | A method of pollution sources are parsed based on quick clustering and Chemical mass balance mode |
| CN110175647A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-27 | 北华航天工业学院 | A kind of pollution source discrimination clustered based on principal component analysis and K-means |
| CN110335645A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-15 | 北华航天工业学院 | The analytic method in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated source in a kind of pair of water body |
| CN110390494A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-10-29 | 成都理工大学 | The source tracing method of " three nitrogen " in the household refuse landfill sites underground water of farming region |
| CN110390494B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2022-04-26 | 成都理工大学 | Source tracing method for 'three nitrogen' in underground water of domestic garbage landfill in agricultural area |
| CN110674570A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-10 | 山西大学 | Reverse distance model construction method for calculating contribution rates of different pollution sources to Pb pollution |
| CN110674570B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2023-05-30 | 山西大学 | Reverse distance model construction method for calculating Pb pollution contribution rate of different pollution sources |
| CN112540147B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-12-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Regional atmospheric pollutant tracing method for refining enterprises |
| CN112540147A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for tracing regional atmospheric pollutants of refining and chemical enterprises |
| CN110738589A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-31 | 济南大学 | method for analyzing underground water chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution source |
| CN111680422B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-04-09 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | Ozone source analysis method and device |
| CN111680422A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-18 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | Ozone source analysis method and device |
| CN113433230A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-24 | 安徽大学 | Qualitative and quantitative and mass balance research method for organic pollutant conversion intermediate product |
| CN117524345A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-06 | 山东省济南生态环境监测中心 | Urban VOCs source analysis method based on receptor mode |
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