CN112540060A - Normalized vegetation index acquisition device and method - Google Patents
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1793—Remote sensing
- G01N2021/1797—Remote sensing in landscape, e.g. crops
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop nitrogen nutrition condition detection, in particular to a normalized vegetation index acquisition device and method. The normalized vegetation index acquisition device comprises a light path for transmitting two-waveband light to a crop canopy at a certain clock frequency, acquiring reflected light of the crop canopy and converting the reflected light into reflected light electric signals, and a circuit for receiving and processing the reflected light electric signals. The light path comprises a dual-band light source and a condensing lens arranged on the light emitting side of the light source, one part of emergent light of the condensing lens is received by a group of photoelectric conversion elements connected with the circuit, the other part of the emergent light is projected to the crop canopy, and the emergent light is reflected by the crop canopy blades and then received by the other group of photoelectric conversion elements connected with the circuit through the condensing lens; the invention has the beneficial effects that: carry out photoelectric conversion through setting up a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements on the light path, under the condition of guaranteeing normalization vegetation index precision, simplified optical component, reduced the assembly requirement, it is with low costs, do benefit to the popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop nitrogen nutrition condition detection, in particular to a normalized vegetation index acquisition device and method.
Background
The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the sum of the reflection value in the near infrared band and the reflection value in the red light band in the remote sensing image, namely: NDVI (NIR-R)/(NIR + R) can be used as a diagnostic index of the nitrogen nutrition condition of crops, and provides a basis for nitrogen fertilizer management of crops.
In crop nutrition management and fertilization, crop nitrogen nutrition diagnosis technology and method are continuously improved and undergo development stages such as visual observation, leaf color card comparison, plant sampling chemical analysis and the like. The prior art discloses a crop nitrogen detection device and a detection method thereof, but the device is complex in structure, particularly has various optical components, has high requirements on installation accuracy, is high in equipment construction cost, is not beneficial to universality popularization, and cannot meet the diagnosis requirements of rapidness, non-contact or agricultural implement integration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a normalized vegetation index acquisition device and a normalized vegetation index acquisition method, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology, can be used for quickly and non-contact nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of crops and provide diagnosis data for scientific application of nitrogen fertilizers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a normalized vegetation index acquisition device comprises a light path and a circuit, wherein the light path emits specific dual-waveband light at a certain clock frequency, collects reflected light of a crop canopy and converts the reflected light into reflected light electric signals; and a light-gathering lens and a light-filtering element are arranged on a reflected light path of the crop canopy blade.
As a further scheme of the invention: the light sources are respectively red light and infrared light and respectively emit light in time intervals (delta t), namely, the first delta t time interval emits red light, the second delta t time interval emits infrared light, and the third delta t time interval emits no light, and the steps are repeated; when the emergent light of the light source is focused by the condenser lens and then emitted to the crop canopy blade for reflection, then the emergent light is focused by the condenser lens, filtered by the filter element and emitted to the photoelectric conversion element, the emergent light can respectively generate electric signals of reflected light intensity of red light, infrared light and ambient light, and the normalized vegetation index can be obtained through data processing.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the wave band of the emergent light of the light source comprises red light and infrared light, wherein the wave band of the red light is 650-670 nm, and the wave band of the infrared light is 840-860 nm.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer and a signal conditioning circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer and the photoelectric conversion element, and the signal conditioning circuit is used for conditioning the reflected photoelectric signals.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the signal conditioning circuit at least comprises an operational amplifier and a filter, wherein the operational amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal transmitted by the photoelectric conversion element, and the filter is used for filtering the noise electric signal transmitted by the operational amplifier and outputting the electric signal with set frequency to the singlechip.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the single chip microcomputer is connected with an output module, and the single chip microcomputer outputs or shows the normalized vegetation index through the output module.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the light filtering element adopts a double-band-pass filter and is used for filtering light with a set wave band.
As another technical scheme provided by the invention: a normalized vegetation index acquisition method comprises the following steps: modulating the emergent light of two segments of set wave bands of red light and infrared light to emit to a crop canopy and a photoelectric conversion element, wherein the photoelectric conversion element generates a photoelectric signal for calibrating the intensity of the emitted light of the light source; another photoelectric conversion element receives the reflected light of the crop canopy leaves to generate a photoelectric signal; and calculating the photoelectric signals to obtain the absolute reflectivity of the crop canopy leaves to red light and infrared light, thereby obtaining the normalized vegetation index.
As a further scheme of the invention: before the other photoelectric conversion element receives the reflected light of the crop canopy leaves to generate an electric signal, the reflected light of the crop canopy leaves is filtered through the light filtering element.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the light filtering element adopts a double-band-pass filter and is used for filtering light with a set wave band.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: carry out photoelectric conversion through setting up filtering element and a plurality of photoelectric conversion components on the light path, under the condition of guaranteeing normalization vegetation index precision, simplified optical component, reduced the assembly requirement of each part, equipment construction is with low costs, does benefit to the popularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a normalized vegetation index acquisition device in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating filter parameters of a dual band pass filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1. LED two-waveband light source, 2, condenser lens I, 3, secondary silicon photocell, 4, operational amplifier I, 5, filter circuit I, 6, singlechip, 7, double band-pass filter, 8, silicon photocell, 9, operational amplifier II, 10, filter circuit II, 11, condenser lens II.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a normalized vegetation index obtaining apparatus includes a light path for emitting specific dual-band light at a certain clock frequency, collecting reflected light of a crop canopy and converting the reflected light into a reflected light electrical signal, and a circuit for receiving and processing the reflected light electrical signal, where the light path includes a light source having dual bands and a condenser lens disposed on a light emitting side of the light source, a part of light emitted from the condenser lens is received by a set of photoelectric conversion elements connected to the circuit, and used for calibrating the intensity of the light emitted from the light source, and another part of the light is projected to the crop canopy and is received by another set of photoelectric conversion elements connected to the circuit after being reflected by crop canopy leaves; and a light-gathering lens and a light-filtering element are arranged on a reflected light path of the crop canopy blade.
The condensing lens on the light outgoing side of the light source is condensing lens I2, and the condensing lens arranged on the reflected light path of the crop canopy leaf is condensing lens II 11; the light sources are respectively red light and infrared light and respectively emit light in time intervals (delta t), namely, the first delta t time interval emits red light, the second delta t time interval emits infrared light, and the third delta t time interval emits no light, and the steps are repeated; when the emergent light of the light source is focused by the condenser lens and then emitted to the crop canopy blade for reflection, then the emergent light is focused by the condenser lens, filtered by the filter element and emitted to the photoelectric conversion element, the emergent light can respectively generate electric signals of reflected light intensity of red light, infrared light and ambient light, and the normalized vegetation index can be obtained through data processing. Specifically, when the light source alternately emits red light and infrared light at a certain clock frequency, the red light and the infrared light are collected by the condensing lens and then emitted to the crop canopy blade to be reflected, and the reflected red light and the infrared light of the crop canopy blade are filtered by the filter element to set wave bands and then emitted to the corresponding photoelectric conversion element to generate reflected photoelectric signals; the photoelectric conversion element at the side of the condensing lens converts the received emergent light to be used for calibrating a photoelectric signal of the emitted light intensity of the light source; the circuit processes and receives the photoelectric signals to calculate the reflectivity of the crop canopy leaves to red light and infrared light, and then the normalized vegetation index is obtained through calculation.
The wave band of emergent light of the light source comprises red light and infrared light, wherein the wave band of the red light is 650-670 nm, and the wave band of the infrared light is 840-860 nm; the circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer and a signal conditioning circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer and a photoelectric conversion element, wherein the signal conditioning circuit is used for conditioning a reflected photoelectric signal, the photoelectric conversion element adopts a silicon photocell, and the silicon photocell is used as a secondary silicon photocell 3 and is used for directly receiving partial emergent light at the side of the condensing lens I2 so as to calibrate the intensity of the emitted light of the light source; the other silicon photocell 8 performs photoelectric conversion on the red light reflected light and the infrared reflected light of the blade and outputs a first photocurrent as a first reflected photoelectric signal; namely, a first photocurrent generated by the silicon photocell is in a linear relation with the light intensity reflected by the blade, and the first photocurrent is converted into a first voltage through the signal conditioning circuit and is output to the singlechip; meanwhile, the secondary silicon photocell 3 is used for collecting the intensity of light emitted by the LED dual-band light source 1 and outputting a second lightThe photocurrent is taken as a second reflected photoelectric signal, and the second photocurrent is converted into a second voltage through the signal conditioning circuit and is output to the singlechip. The first voltage and the second voltage are calculated by the singlechip to obtain the reflectivity R of the red light660And near-external red reflectance R850According to R660And R850The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is calculated, i.e.: NDVI ═ (R)850-R660)/(R850+R660). The NDVI value can be used as a diagnostic index of the nitrogen nutrition condition of crops and provides a basis for nitrogen fertilizer management of the crops.
Further, the light emission angle of the condenser lens I2 is 30 degrees.
The light emission angle of the condenser lens I2 is set to be 30 degrees, the distance between a light source and a crop canopy is ensured to be 50-70 cm, the diameter of a light spot irradiated on the canopy is 30 +/-5 cm, and the detection requirement is met; the precision and the accuracy of detection are ensured.
In conclusion, through the condensing lens I, the filtering element and the photoelectric conversion element which are arranged on the light path, the optical components are simplified under the condition of ensuring the precision of the normalized vegetation index, the assembly requirements of all the components are reduced, the equipment construction cost is low, and the popularization is facilitated.
The blade has absorption and reflection effects on the dual-band light; the higher the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogenous organic compounds in the leaves are, the more red light is absorbed, and the lower the intensity of reflected light of the red light is; the chlorophyll in the leaf has low absorption at 850nm infrared spectrum, and has reflectivity (R) at 850nm850) Very high and stable, R850The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated as the reference reflectance, i.e.: NDVI ═ (R)850-R660)/(R850+R660). The NDVI value can be used as a diagnostic index of the nitrogen nutrition condition of crops and provides a basis for nitrogen fertilizer management of the crops.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the signal conditioning circuit at least includes an operational amplifier and a filter, the operational amplifier is used for amplifying the electrical signal transmitted by the photoelectric conversion element, and the filter is used for filtering the noise electrical signal transmitted by the operational amplifier and outputting an electrical signal with a set frequency to the single chip.
Specifically, the operational amplifiers are an operational amplifier I4 and an operational amplifier II9, respectively, and the filters are a filter I5 and a filter II10, respectively; the operational amplifier I4 and the filter I5 are connected on the connecting line of the secondary silicon photocell 3 and the singlechip 6, and the operational amplifier II9 and the filter II10 are connected on the connecting line of the silicon photocell 8 and the singlechip 6. The operational amplifier I4, operational amplifier II9, filter I5 and filter II10 all employ very low voltage noise, which is indexed by 2.8nV/√ Hz.
The singlechip 6 is integrated with an analog-to-digital converter, and can convert the output voltages of the operational amplifier I and the operational amplifier II into digital voltages through a filter for calculating the light reflectivity.
Referring to fig. 1, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the single chip is connected to an output module, and the single chip outputs or shows the normalized vegetation index through the output module.
The output module comprises a display screen and/or a data interface, and relevant normalized vegetation index data are displayed through the display screen; the normalized vegetation index data can also be transmitted to the smart device for display and viewing through the data interface.
Referring to fig. 1, in another embodiment of the present invention, the filter element employs a dual band pass filter 7 for filtering light of a set wavelength band.
The dual band pass filter 7 is specifically configured to filter light in a set wavelength band: light in the wave band ranges of being lower than 630nm, 690nm to 815nm and being higher than 890nm in the environment is filtered, the interference of ambient light is effectively reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for obtaining a normalized vegetation index includes the following steps: modulating the emergent light of two segments of set wave bands of red light and infrared light to emit to a crop canopy and a photoelectric conversion element, wherein the photoelectric conversion element generates a photoelectric signal for calibrating the intensity of the emitted light of the light source; another photoelectric conversion element receives the reflected light of the crop canopy leaves to generate a photoelectric signal; and calculating the photoelectric signals to obtain the absolute reflectivity of the crop canopy leaves to red light and infrared light, thereby obtaining the normalized vegetation index.
Specifically, the calculation of the photoelectric signal to obtain the normalized vegetation index is realized through a circuit, the circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer and a signal conditioning circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer and a photoelectric conversion element, the signal conditioning circuit is used for conditioning the reflected photoelectric signal, the photoelectric conversion element adopts a silicon photocell, and the silicon photocell is used as a secondary silicon photocell 3 and is used for directly receiving partial emergent light at the side of the condensing lens I; the other silicon photocell 8 performs photoelectric conversion on the red light reflected light and the infrared reflected light of the blade and outputs a first photocurrent as a first reflected photoelectric signal; namely, a first photocurrent generated by the silicon photocell is in a linear relation with the light intensity reflected by the blade, and the first photocurrent is converted into a first voltage through the signal conditioning circuit and is output to the singlechip; meanwhile, the secondary silicon photocell 3 is used for collecting the intensity of light emitted by the LED dual-band light source 1, outputting a second photocurrent as a second reflected photoelectric signal, and converting the second photocurrent into a second voltage through the signal conditioning circuit and outputting the second voltage to the single chip microcomputer. The first voltage and the second voltage are calculated by the singlechip to obtain the reflectivity R of the red light660And near-external red reflectance R850According to R660And R850The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is calculated, i.e.: NDVI ═ (R)850-R660)/(R850+R660)。
The beneficial effects are that: the optical filtering element and the photoelectric conversion elements are used for photoelectric conversion, so that optical components are simplified under the condition of ensuring the precision of the normalized vegetation index, the assembly requirements of all the components are reduced, the equipment construction cost is low, and the popularization is facilitated.
Further, before the other photoelectric conversion element receives the reflected light of the crop canopy leaf to generate an electric signal, the reflected light of the crop canopy leaf is filtered by the filter element.
The light filtering element adopts a double-bandpass filter for filtering light with a set waveband, and specifically comprises: light in the wave band ranges of being lower than 630nm, 690nm to 815nm and being higher than 890nm in the environment is filtered, the interference of ambient light is effectively reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer and a signal conditioning circuit connected with the single chip microcomputer and a photoelectric conversion element, wherein the signal conditioning circuit is used for conditioning a reflected photoelectric signal, the photoelectric conversion element adopts a silicon photocell, and the silicon photocell is used as a secondary silicon photocell 3 and is used for directly receiving partial emergent light at the side of the condensing lens I; the other silicon photocell 8 performs photoelectric conversion on the red light reflected light and the infrared reflected light of the blade and outputs a first photocurrent as a first reflected photoelectric signal; namely, a first photocurrent generated by the silicon photocell is in a linear relation with the light intensity reflected by the blade, and the first photocurrent is converted into a first voltage through the signal conditioning circuit and is output to the singlechip; meanwhile, the secondary silicon photocell 3 is used for collecting the intensity of light emitted by the LED dual-band light source 1, outputting a second photocurrent as a second reflected photoelectric signal, and converting the second photocurrent into a second voltage through the signal conditioning circuit and outputting the second voltage to the single chip microcomputer. The first voltage and the second voltage are calculated by the singlechip to obtain the reflectivity R of the red light660And near-external red reflectance R850According to R660And R850The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is calculated, i.e.: NDVI ═ (R)850-R660)/(R850+R660)。
It should be noted that the single chip microcomputer adopted in the present invention is an application of the prior art, and those skilled in the art can implement the functions to be achieved according to the related description, or implement the technical characteristics to be achieved through similar techniques, and will not be described in detail herein.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A normalized vegetation index acquisition device comprises a light path for emitting specific dual-waveband light at a certain clock frequency, collecting reflected light of a crop canopy and converting the reflected light into a reflected light electric signal, and a circuit for receiving and processing the reflected light electric signal, and is characterized in that the light path comprises a light source with dual wavebands and a condensing lens arranged on the light emitting side of the light source, one part of the emergent light of the condensing lens is received by a group of photoelectric conversion elements connected with the circuit and used for calibrating the intensity of the emitted light of the light source, the other part of the emergent light is projected to the crop canopy and is received by the other group of photoelectric conversion elements connected with the circuit after being reflected by blades of the crop canopy; and a light-gathering lens and a light-filtering element are arranged on a reflected light path of the crop canopy blade.
2. The normalized vegetation index obtaining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light sources are red light and infrared light, respectively, and emit light in time periods (Δ t), that is, red light is emitted in a first Δ t time period, infrared light is emitted in a second Δ t time period, and no light is emitted in a third Δ t time period, and so on; when the emergent light of the light source is focused by the condenser lens and then emitted to the crop canopy blade for reflection, then the emergent light is focused by the condenser lens, filtered by the filter element and emitted to the photoelectric conversion element, the emergent light can respectively generate electric signals of reflected light intensity of red light, infrared light and ambient light, and the normalized vegetation index can be obtained through data processing.
3. The normalized vegetation index obtaining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength band of the emergent light of the light source comprises red light and infrared light, wherein the wavelength band of the red light is 650 to 670nm, and the wavelength band of the infrared light is 840 to 860 nm.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the circuit comprises a single-chip microcomputer and a signal conditioning circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer and the photoelectric conversion element, and the signal conditioning circuit is configured to condition the reflected photoelectric signal.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the signal conditioning circuit comprises at least an operational amplifier and a filter, the operational amplifier is configured to amplify the electrical signal transmitted by the photoelectric conversion element, and the filter is configured to filter a noise electrical signal transmitted by the operational amplifier and output an electrical signal with a set frequency to the single chip.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein the single-chip microcomputer is connected to an output module, and the single-chip microcomputer outputs or displays the normalized vegetation index through the output module.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter element is a dual bandpass filter for filtering light of a set wavelength band.
8. A normalized vegetation index acquisition method is characterized by comprising the following steps: modulating the emergent light of two segments of set wave bands of red light and infrared light to emit to a crop canopy and a photoelectric conversion element, wherein the photoelectric conversion element generates a photoelectric signal for calibrating the intensity of the emitted light of the light source; another photoelectric conversion element receives the reflected light of the crop canopy leaves to generate a photoelectric signal; and comparing the photoelectric signal with the emitted light intensity to calculate the absolute reflectivity of the crop canopy leaf to red light and infrared light, so as to obtain the normalized vegetation index.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the reflected light from the crop canopy leaf is filtered by a filter element before the further photoelectric conversion element receives the reflected light from the crop canopy leaf to generate an electrical signal.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the filter element is a dual bandpass filter for filtering light of a set wavelength band.
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| CN118090671A (en) * | 2024-04-18 | 2024-05-28 | 北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心 | Crop water and fertilizer monitoring device and method for performing water and fertilizer diagnosis by using same |
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