CN112538190B - 一种空气净化材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种空气净化材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112538190B
CN112538190B CN202011272892.2A CN202011272892A CN112538190B CN 112538190 B CN112538190 B CN 112538190B CN 202011272892 A CN202011272892 A CN 202011272892A CN 112538190 B CN112538190 B CN 112538190B
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高琴
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Guangzhou Ding Yuan Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Mo Junqiang
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种空气净化材料及其制备方法，其包括如下步骤：将细菌纤维素的水凝胶浸泡于去离子水中，随后压实去掉其中的水分；将聚丙烯腈加热溶解，静电纺丝制备得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，随后，将其分散于溶剂中；将氧化石墨烯超声分散于去离子水中，随后，加入细菌纤维素、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维置于水热搅拌釜中，水热反应一段时间，冷冻干燥，得到石墨烯‑聚丙烯腈‑细菌纤维素的气凝胶；将石墨烯‑聚丙烯腈‑细菌纤维素气凝胶加入去离子水中，随后加入Cr源，搅拌，加入钛酸四丁酯，混合后继续加入MnCl2和高锰酸钾溶液，滴加一定的氨水溶液，加热到140‑160℃下反应5‑10h，得到石墨烯‑聚丙烯腈‑细菌纤维素气凝胶‑Cr掺杂TiO2‑MnO2的复合材料。

Description

一种空气净化材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域，尤其涉及一种空气净化材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着国内城市工业化的迅速发展，生态破坏带来的消极影响，大气污染日益严重，空气质量不断恶化，不仅危害到人们的正常生活，而且对人们的身心健康造成危害，人们对空气净化的要求也越来越高。特别是随着建筑内部装修材料的广泛应用，各种材料释放出大量的有害物质，例如如：甲醛、甲苯、苯等挥发性有机污染物，严重影响室内空气质量；此外，空气中还含有重金属离子的粉尘、有毒化学物质以及一些传染性微生物病毒等，长期生活在这样环境的人会出现头痛、呼吸道感染、疲劳嗜睡、发热恶心等症状，甚至会产生致突变、致畸、致癌性，严重危害人体健康，降低生活质量，影响工作效率、降低人体免疫力。因此，近十几年，室内空气质量对人类身体健康的影响也日益成为全世界普遍关心的问题。当前，关于空气中细微颗粒污染物与气体化学污染净化处理方面已有一定的进步，目前的方法可有效去除空气中较大的固体颗粒物，但是对空气中有毒有害气体污染物，例如甲醛，以及细微颗粒物的去除作用较弱。因此，开发新型、高效、成本低廉的空气净化处理材料具有很高的科学价值与实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是发明一种高效的空气净化材料及其制备方法，其对有害气体的吸附性更大、速率更快，能够有效的去除空气中的甲醛、苯系物、重金属粒子粉尘等等各种有害物质。
一种空气净化材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
(1)将细菌纤维素的水凝胶浸泡于去离子水中，随后压实去掉其中的水分；
(2)将聚丙烯腈加热溶解，静电纺丝制备得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，随后，将其分散于溶剂中；
(3)将氧化石墨烯超声分散于去离子水中，加入细菌纤维素、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，搅拌均匀置于水热搅拌釜中，水热反应一段时间，随后冷冻干燥，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素的气凝胶；
(4)将石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶加入去离子水中，随后加入Cr源，搅拌，加入钛酸四丁酯，混合后继续加入MnCl2和高锰酸钾溶液，滴加一定的氨水溶液，加热到140-200℃下反应5-10h，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶-Cr掺杂TiO2-MnO2的复合材料。
优选的，所述步骤1中浸泡时间为24-50h；压实时间为12-24h；
优选的，所述步骤1中水热温度为180-220℃；
优选的，所述石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶中三者的比例为1:(1-5):(1-5)；
技术效果：
本发明以石墨烯和聚丙烯腈、细菌纤维素复合形成凝胶，改善了传统的石墨烯气凝胶结构不稳定容易塌陷的问题，提高的凝胶的结构稳定性；三者协同配合构成的致密的三维微介孔骨架结构具有更高的比表面积和更多的孔隙结构，极大的提高了对空气中有害物质的吸附作用；通过在气凝胶表面负载Cr掺杂的TiO2-MnO2异质结结构，有效提升反应活性，极大的提高了催化效率。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种空气净化材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
(1)将细菌纤维素的水凝胶浸泡于去离子水中浸泡20h，随后压实20h去掉其中的水分；
(2)将聚丙烯腈加热溶解，静电纺丝制备得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，随后，将其分散于溶剂中；
(3)将氧化石墨烯超声分散于去离子水中，随后，加入细菌纤维素、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，搅拌，石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶中三者的比例为1:5:5将混合液置于水热搅拌釜中，180℃下水热反应10h，随后冷冻干燥，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素的气凝胶；
(4)将石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶加入去离子水中，随后加入Cr(NO3)3，搅拌，加入钛酸四丁酯，混合后继续加入MnCl2和高锰酸钾溶液，滴加一定的氨水溶液，加热到150℃下反应10h，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶-Cr掺杂的TiO2-MnO2。
实施例2
一种空气净化材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
(1)将细菌纤维素的水凝胶浸泡于去离子水中浸泡26h，随后压实20h去掉其中的水分；
(2)将聚丙烯腈加热溶解，静电纺丝制备得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，随后，将其分散于溶剂中；
(3)将氧化石墨烯超声分散于去离子水中，随后，加入细菌纤维素、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，搅拌，石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶中三者的比例为1:3:3，将混合液置于水热搅拌釜中，180℃下水热反应10h，随后冷冻干燥，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素的气凝胶；
(4)将石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶加入去离子水中，随后加入Cr(NO3)3，搅拌，加入钛酸四丁酯，混合后继续加入MnCl2和高锰酸钾溶液，滴加一定的氨水溶液，加热到180℃下反应10h，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶-Cr掺杂的TiO2-MnO2。
实施例3
一种空气净化材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
(1)将细菌纤维素的水凝胶浸泡于去离子水中浸泡30h，随后压实20h去掉其中的水分；
(2)将聚丙烯腈加热溶解，静电纺丝制备得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，随后，将其分散于溶剂中；
(3)将氧化石墨烯超声分散于去离子水中，随后，加入细菌纤维素、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，搅拌，石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶中三者的比例为1:2:2，将混合液置于水热搅拌釜中，180℃下水热反应18h，随后冷冻干燥，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素的气凝胶；
(4)将石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶加入去离子水中，随后加入Cr(NO3)3，搅拌，加入钛酸四丁酯，混合后继续加入MnCl2和高锰酸钾溶液，滴加一定的氨水溶液，加热到180℃下反应10h，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶-Cr掺杂的TiO2-MnO2。
降解性能测试
甲醛、甲苯、二氧化氮的初始浓度均为100mg/l，在紫外光照条件下分别测试实施例1-3的复合材料对有机污染物的降解性能，1h后测试污染物的剩余浓度，并计算各实施例对不同污染物的降解率(按照％比计算)。
实施例 甲苯 甲醛 苯
1 90.8 92.3 91.5
2 92.1 92.5 91.8
3 91.3 90.6 90.7
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种空气净化材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
（1）将细菌纤维素的水凝胶浸泡于去离子水中，随后压实去掉其中的水分；
（2）将聚丙烯腈加热溶解，静电纺丝制备得到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维，随后，将其分散于溶剂中；
（3）将氧化石墨烯超声分散于去离子水中，随后，加入步骤（1）的细菌纤维素、步骤（2）聚丙烯腈纳米纤维分散液，搅拌，转入水热搅拌釜中，水热反应一段时间，随后冷冻干燥，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素的气凝胶；
（4）将石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶加入去离子水中，随后加入Cr源，搅拌，继续加入钛酸四丁酯，混合后继续加入MnCl2和高锰酸钾溶液，滴加一定的氨水溶液，加热到140-200℃下反应5-10h，得到石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶-Cr掺杂TiO2-MnO2的复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种空气净化材料的制备方法，所述步骤（1）中浸泡时间为24-50h；压实时间为12-24h。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种空气净化材料的制备方法，所述步骤（3）中水热温度为180-220℃。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种空气净化材料的制备方法，所述石墨烯-聚丙烯腈-细菌纤维素气凝胶中三者的比例为1:(1-5):(1-5)。
5.一种空气净化材料，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-4任意一项的方法制备而成。
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