CN1125335C - 用来探测窗面上有无外来物质的超声波探测器 - Google Patents

用来探测窗面上有无外来物质的超声波探测器 Download PDF

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CN1125335C
CN1125335C CN97105418.5A CN97105418A CN1125335C CN 1125335 C CN1125335 C CN 1125335C CN 97105418 A CN97105418 A CN 97105418A CN 1125335 C CN1125335 C CN 1125335C
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frequency
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E·索尔拉
R·琼蒙诺
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Asulab AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超声波探测器，用来探测窗面上有无外来物质，窗面由至少一个厚度为第一厚度的第一板组成，探测器有一个传感器与所述第一板的表面配合工作，所述传感器能发射出频率为ft的超声波信号并能接收反射在第一板第二表面上的超声波信号，所述反射信号的变化表示所述面对着所述传感器的第二表面上有或没有外来物质，这种探测器的特征在于，频率ft选取得使其满足下式的条件：fk/100≤|ft-fk|≤fk/10

Description

用来探测窗面上有无外来 物质的超声波探测器
本发明涉及一种用来探测窗面或挡风玻璃表面上有无外来物质特别有潮湿物质的超声波探测器，挡风玻璃由至少一片第一厚度的第一玻璃板构成，探测器有一个传感器与所述第一玻璃板的第一面配合工作，所述传感器能发射出频率为ft的超声波信号，而且还能接收反射到第一玻璃板第二面上的超声波信号，反射信号的变化表明所述面对着所述传感器的第二面上有或没有外来物质。
这种超声波探测器业已在申请旨在清除挡风玻璃表面上象水之类的外来物质的挡风玻璃刮水器自动控制的专利文件EP0512653中公开过。
此外，专利文件EP-A-0641696提出了一种装有这种超声波探测器的窗口，探测器用以检测其中一个窗口有无外来物质。该专利文件中规定，为使探测连接到传感器的玻璃板上出现的外来物质的灵敏度达到最佳状态，必须使该玻璃板达到最大的振动幅度。这种情况只有在有关玻璃板形成的谐振腔其中一个谐振模式的频率基本上等于传感器发射出的超声波的频率时才能达到。换句话说，传感器频率ft必须基本上等于玻璃板其中一个谐振模式的频率fk，按公式fk＝K·V/2e，V为超声波在玻璃板材料中传播的速度，e为所述玻璃板的厚度，k为非零的整数，ft为传感器不受任何应力的作用即特别是不与玻璃板连接时的谐振频率。
因此不言而喻，想用这种探测器来启动如专利文件EP-A-0512653所述的挡风玻璃刮水器时不难选取能发射出频率与挡风玻璃和外界环境特别是雨水接触的玻璃板相适应的超声波的传感器。
专利文件EP-A-0 641 696中公开的解决方案是令人满意的，但探测器的灵敏度还可进一步提高，特别是在待探测的对象极小量的情况下。
因此，本发明的主要目的是改进现有技术的上述解决方案，提供一种用超声波探测外来物质、探测灵敏度更好的超声波探测器。
因此，本发明涉及一种旨在探测窗面上有无外来物质特别是潮湿物质的超声波探测器，窗面由至少一片第一厚度的第一玻璃板构成，探测器有一个传感器与所述第一玻璃板的第一面配合工作，所述传感器能发射出频率为ft的超声波信号，而且还能接收反射在第一玻璃板的第二面上的超声波信号，反射信号的变化表明所述面对着所述传感器的所述第二面上有或没有外来物质，其特征在于，频率ft按满足下式的条件选取：
          fk/100≤|ft-fk|＜fk/10
其中fk＝K·V/2e为第一玻璃板形式的第K个谐振腔固有模式的频率，K为非零的整数，V为超声波在第一玻璃板材料中传播的速度，e为第一玻璃板的厚度。
这样，本发明能将超声波传感器的谐振频率选取得使传感器固定在作为所述传感器发射出来的超声波的谐振腔的玻璃板上时，其对所述玻璃板表面产生的轻微干扰达到最佳的灵敏度。
按照本发明的最佳实施例，传感器频ft是按满足下式的条件选取的：
         fk/100≤ft-fk≤fk/10其中ft大于fk。
阅读下面结合附图对本发明一个实施例所作的说明可以更清楚地了解本发明的其它特点和优点。该实施例仅仅是为了说明而例举的，而且并没有限制本发明内容的意思。附图中：
图1示出了采用本发明的探测器的自动控制挡风玻璃清理系统一个实例一般的示意图；
图2是本发明的探测器装在汽车挡风玻璃上的一个实施例的示意剖视图；
图3a和3b分别示出了超声波信号反射到干燥和潮湿的挡风玻璃之后的形状；
图4是对挡风玻璃表面出现的水滴进行探测的灵敏度(以任意单位表示)与频差ft-fk的关系曲线，精确测出了水与挡风玻璃接触的表面。
现在就本发明在清除出现在汽车挡风玻璃表面诸如雨、雪、泥等之类的潮湿外来物质的应用范围进行说明。
参看图1，图中示出了挡风玻璃刮水器的一般自动控制清理系统1。系统1有两个挡风玻璃刮水器2与电动机4机械耦合。挡风玻璃刮水器2受驱动时分别在挡风玻璃8上抹出圆扇形的抹区。驱动装置10与电动机4连接，使电动机可以启动和/或停转。
挡风玻璃刮水器的自动控制是借助于本发明面对其中一个抹区6配置的探测器12达到的。探测器与一个能根据探测器发出的探测信号给驱动装置10提供适当控制信号的控制电路14配合工作。
现在参看图2，图中示出了装有本发明探测器12的挡风玻璃一个实施例的剖面，这种探测器提供表示挡风玻璃8外表面上有外来物质特别是雨点的探测信号。
挡风玻璃8包括第一玻璃板16和第二玻璃板18用连接层20连接在一起。在所述实施例中，板16和18由玻璃制成，连接层20由诸如聚乙烯丁二烯(PVB)之类的聚合物制成。
探测器12通过分别开设在板18和连接层20中的凹口22安置在板16外表面26对面的表面24上。表面26是挡风玻璃与待探测的外来物质接触的表面。
探测器12有一个压电传感器28以连续地发送和接收的工作方式使用。传感器28呈例如圆盘形，配备有彼此绝缘的激励电极30、32，分别经导线34、36接控制电路14。
探测器12的工作原理如下。
控制电路14借助于短电压脉冲激发压电传感器28，从而产生一连串超声波，接着传感器拾取板16内外表面分别反射出的多重回波。板16捕获到的超声波，其幅值随着时间的推移而减小，这一方面是由于每次反射能量朝板外的散失，另一方面是由于能量在板体中的散失引起的。
表面26上有雨点时，表面26反射过程中的能量损失增加，从而使反射的一连串超声波减得更快。
图3a和3b举例说明了这种情况，分别示出了一连串反射的超声波在板16的表面干燥(3a)和潮湿(图3b)时衰减的情况。
从指示值可知，电激励脉冲的幅值约为10伏，其持续时间约为125纳秒。此外，用以确定表面26上有无水滴出现的一连串衰减了的超声波瞬时出现的时间范围估计约为数十微秒，一般在50微秒和80微秒之间。
控制电路14测定对应于信号回波包括线SE表面的整数S，该包络线由曲线C1和C2表示，曲线C1和C2包含在一般在激励脉冲之后20微秒的T1时间打开、一般在稍后30毫秒，如上所述的T2时间关闭的瞬时窗口内。
整数S在没有雨点时有一个给定值，该给定值的表面26上有水时大幅度减小，减小量与传感器28检测出的水量有关。
为使探测器正常工作，如专利申请EP-A-0 641 696中已说明过的那样，传感器28的固有频率ft必须选取接近板16形成的谐振腔的其中一个固有频率的频率。换句话说，ft必须基本上等于fk＝K·V/2e，ft为传感器不受应力的作用即不与板16连接时的谐振频率，fk为板16形成谐振腔的第K个固有模式的频率，V为传感器在形成板20的材料中产生的超声波的波速，e为所述板16的厚度，k为非零的整数。
本专利申请人发现，ft基本上“等于”fk这个概念，实际上必须满足下列不等式的条件：
            fk/100≤|ft-fk|≤fk/10                (1)其中ft可以大于或小于fk。
因此，(1)式表示在对应于厚度为e的板的第k个固有振动模式的谐振频率两侧对称配置的宽等于fk/10-fk/100的两个频率范围。这两个较佳的频率范围如图4所示，图中示出了对表面与挡风板表面26接触的水滴探测的灵敏度与频差ft-fk的关系曲线，以任意单位表示。灵敏度是指精确测出的信号S＝∫EnV(t)dt对应于所述一连串反射的超声波在T1与T2之间(图3a，3b)当挡风玻璃干燥或因表面与挡风玻璃表面26接触而潮湿时包络表面的变化的变化。应该指出的是，曲线C有两个不同的区间R1和R2表示本发明的探测器按(1)式得出的良好灵敏度范围。
此外还应该指出的是，当传感器频率ft按满足下式的条件选取时，结果还更会令人满意：
           fk/100≤ft-fk≤fk/10                   (2)
其中ft大于fk，这相当于图4左侧的范围。
举例说，板18的厚度为2.59×10-3米、V值为5880米·秒-1且选取K值＝4时，得出fk值＝4,527MHz。因此，根据(1)式，频率|ft-fk|可以在0.045与0.45MHz之间。应该指出的是，k值选取整数3或4可以得出特别令人满意的结果。
图2中示出了传感器28耦合到板16表面24上的较好方式。在此实例中，传感器28借助于胶膜40固定住，使超声波可以从传感器28传送到板16上。但在这方面应该指出的是，胶膜的厚度比起传感器发送的信号的波长来应非常地小，为的是防止过多的超声波信号为胶膜所吸收。申请人肯定，一般采用厚度在10至30微米范围的耦合膜会取得令人满意的效果。
举例说，耦合剂可包括胶或硅油。为使传感器发送和接收到的超声波信号发送和接收得均匀，效率高，一定要使传送信号的接口不能有气泡。
还应该指出的是，万一传感器28固定在多层板上时，以上诸式中的厚度e对应于多层板的等效厚度，fk则对应于多层板的谐振频率或这类频率的倍数。换句话说，权利要求书中所述的第一板可以由等效厚度的若干装配好的玻璃板组成。

Claims (3)

1.一种超声波探测器，用来探测窗面上有无外来物质，所述窗面由至少具有第一厚度的第一玻璃板组成，所述探测器有一个与所述第一玻璃板的表面配合工作的传感器能发射出频率为ft的超声波并能接收反射在第一玻璃板第二表面上的超声波信号，所述反射信号的变化表示在所述面对着所述传感器的第二表面上有或没有外来物质，其特征在于，频率ft应该满足下式的条件：
        fk/100≤|ft-fk|≤fk/10其中fk＝K·V/2e为第一玻璃板形成的谐振腔第K个固有模式的频率，K为非零的整数，V为超声波在构成第一玻璃板的材料中传播的速度，e为第一玻璃板的厚度。
2.如权利要求1所述的探测器，其特征在于，频率ft应该满足下式的条件：
        fk/100≤ft-fk≤fk/10其中ft大于fk。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的探测器，其特征在于，K的值等于3或4。
CN97105418.5A 1996-05-30 1997-05-29 用来探测窗面上有无外来物质的超声波探测器 Expired - Fee Related CN1125335C (zh)

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FR9606669A FR2749401B1 (fr) 1996-05-30 1996-05-30 Dispositif de detection ultrasonore destine a la detection de corps etrangers presents a la surface d'une vitre
FR9606669 1996-05-30

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EP0810132B1 (fr) 2000-12-06
FR2749401B1 (fr) 1998-08-07
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JPH1068718A (ja) 1998-03-10
KR970074399A (ko) 1997-12-10
DE69703637D1 (de) 2001-01-11
EP0810132A1 (fr) 1997-12-03
US5818341A (en) 1998-10-06
DE69703637T2 (de) 2001-06-13
ES2154003T3 (es) 2001-03-16
FR2749401A1 (fr) 1997-12-05

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