CN112526636A - Near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method and system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking - Google Patents
Near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method and system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method and system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking. The method comprises the steps of laying single-station multi-satellite receiving stations on the ground of a detection area, constructing a satellite-ground link network between the single-station multi-satellite receiving stations and a satellite by utilizing a multi-station networking mode, and carrying out data acquisition and extraction on satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving stations to obtain satellite signal receiving intensity information; then dividing a near-ground two-dimensional plane of the detection area into a plurality of non-overlapping rectangular grids, and calculating the projection component of each satellite-ground link in each rectangular grid; on the basis of extracting rainfall attenuation and dividing grids, the rainfall intensity distribution is obtained by utilizing the rainfall attenuation relation inversion, the rainfall intensity distribution information can be fused with the geographic information of the detection area, and the reconstruction of the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field is completed. The invention can realize real-time, accurate and continuous detection of large-scale rainfall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-cooperative source satellite signal detection atmosphere, in particular to a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method and system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking.
Background
The method has the advantages that the acquisition of near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field data is beneficial to research on the horizontal distribution characteristics of rainfall, and has important significance on agricultural irrigation, water resource management, natural disaster monitoring and early warning and the like. The traditional detection means capable of realizing two-dimensional rainfall field monitoring mainly comprises a rain gauge network, a weather radar and a meteorological satellite. The rain gauge has higher accuracy on a single-point measurement result, but the spatial resolution of networking detection of the rain gauge depends on the arrangement density of the rain gauge, and the maintenance cost of areas such as mountainous areas, islands and the like is higher; the weather radar can realize continuous monitoring of large-scale rainfall and output a detection result with high space-time resolution, but the weather radar inverts the ground rainfall intensity through aerial cloud and rain echoes, so that the representativeness of the rainfall condition close to the ground is not accurate enough, and large errors are easily generated due to the influence of ground objects at low elevation angles; the meteorological satellite can realize rainfall observation in the global range and inversion of the internal structure of the rainfall, but for a certain area, the meteorological satellite can only transit twice a day, so that the observation time resolution is low, and the requirement of continuous real-time monitoring of a rainfall field cannot be met.
Currently, there are more than 200 earth broadcast communication satellites in the world operating in orbit, and there are 30 broadcast communication satellites in the air of the mainland of china alone. The correlation between the satellite signal change during rainfall and the rainfall intensity is high, and the rainfall intensity inversion can be realized by using the signal attenuation information of a satellite at a certain moment of a certain fixed satellite receiving station (as described in patent 201910170984.0), but the average rainfall intensity of a single link can be obtained only. The vertical rainfall field can be inverted by tracking a certain polar orbit satellite by a servo antenna by using a similar communication-in-motion antenna (as described in patent 201911073941.7), and the three-dimensional rainfall field can be inverted by tracking a plurality of polar orbit satellites by using a plurality of servo antennas (as described in patent 201910965486.5). China has more than 1 hundred million broadcasting satellite users, all adopt fixed antennas, and the satellite receiving terminal has the advantages of small antenna volume, low price, simple operation, no need of additional maintenance and the like. In order to fully exert the detection potential of the existing satellite receiving equipment, a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field detection system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking is necessary to be designed, a rainfall field reconstruction method based on regional distribution is realized, and the detection precision and the space-time resolution of the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to design a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method and a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking based on the detection potential of the existing satellite receiving equipment on the basis of increasing the cost of the existing satellite receiving equipment so as to achieve the purposes of accurately observing the near-ground rainfall condition and smoothly reconstructing the two-dimensional rainfall field. The method utilizes a single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking mode to construct a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field detection system, and utilizes the rain attenuation relation to invert to obtain the rain intensity distribution on the basis of extracting the rainfall attenuation and dividing the grids, and the rain intensity distribution information can be fused with the geographic information of a detection area to complete the reconstruction of the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field.
The invention content is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking, which includes the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that single-station multi-satellite receiving stations are arranged on the ground of a detection area, each single-station multi-satellite receiving station respectively receives downlink signals of a plurality of satellites through a plurality of fixed antennas, and paths of satellite-ground links among n single-station multi-satellites and m satellites are crossed with each other to form a dense network with n multiplied by m satellite-ground links;
(2) setting sampling time points, and recording the total number of the sampling time points as T; acquiring downlink signals of satellites on all satellite-to-ground links at each sampling time point t, and acquiring signal intensity information P according to satellite signal frequency f and samplingrCalculating the rain attenuation on each satellite-ground link;
(3) dividing a near-ground two-dimensional plane of a detection area into a plurality of non-overlapping rectangular grids, and calculating a projection component of each satellite-ground link in each rectangular grid;
(4) constructing a rain attenuation equation set:
Dγ＝Ar
Ar＝[Arain，1(1，f1)，…，Arain，1(T，f1)，Arain，2(1，f2)，…，Arain，2(T，f2)，…，…，Arain，n×m(T，fn×m)]T
γ＝[γ1，γ2，γ3，…，γN×M]
D＝[D1(1)，…，D1(T)，D2(1)，…，D2(T)，…，Dn×m(1)，…，Dn×m(T)]T
wherein A israin，i(t，fi) Showing the rain attenuation of the ith satellite-to-ground link at the sampling time point t, fiRepresenting the signal frequency of the satellite on the ith satellite-to-ground link, i ∈ [1, 2, …, n × m](ii) a Gamma is the attenuation vector of rainfall characteristic to be solved, gammajIs the rainfall characteristic decay in the jth rectangular grid, j ∈ [1, 2, …, NxM]；Di(t)＝[di，1(t)，dj，2(t)，di，3(t)，…，di，N×M(t)]，di，j(t) represents the projection component of the ith satellite-to-ground link on the jth rectangular grid at the sampling time point t, and if the ith satellite-to-ground link does not pass through the jth rectangular grid, di，j(t)＝0；
(5) Solving a rain attenuation equation set to obtain a rainfall characteristic attenuation vector gamma; reconstructing a rainfall intensity distribution matrix according to the relation between the rainfall intensity and the rainfall characteristic attenuation:
R＝f(γ)
wherein f () represents the functional relationship between the rain intensity and the rainfall characteristic attenuation;
(6) and (5) corresponding the rainfall intensity obtained in the step (5) to each rectangular grid to complete the reconstruction of the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field.
The method further comprises the following multiple optional embodiments, and the various optional embodiments can be combined randomly.
As an optional implementation manner of the method, in the method, an expression for calculating the rain attenuation on the satellite-ground link is as follows:
Arain(t，f)＝Ptran+Gtran+Gr-Asci(t，f)-Agas(t，f)-Acloud(t，f)-Pr(t)
wherein A israin(t, f) represents the rainfall decay at the sampling time point t; ptranGtran and GrIs a constant value, PtranRepresenting the transmitted power of the satellite on the satellite-ground link, GtranRepresenting the antenna gain, G, of the satelliterRepresenting the gain of a ground receiving antenna on a satellite-ground link; a. thesci(t, f) represents the attenuation of flicker caused by turbulence in the flow layer at the sampling time t, Agas(t, f) represents the gas decay by water vapor and oxygen at the sampling time t, Acloud(t, f) represents the attenuation caused by the t cloud at the sampling time point; prAnd (t) represents the signal strength information of the satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving station in the satellite-ground link at the sampling time point t.
As an alternative embodiment of the method, the sizes of the rectangular squares may be uniform or non-uniform.
As an alternative to the method, the flicker attenuation A issci(t, f), gas attenuation Agas(t, f) and cloud attenuation AcloudThe calculation methods of (t, f) are respectively as follows:
Asci(t，f)＝7.196·(3.6×10-3+10-4×Nwet)f7/12g(x)/sinθ1.2
Acloud(t，f)＝Kl(f，T)MLcloud
wherein N iswetDenotes a refractive index of a radio wave, theta denotes an elevation angle of a receiving antenna, h denotes an altitude of the receiving antenna, N "oxy(H, f) and N "vap(H, f) respectively represent the negative folding of oxygen and water vaporImaginary part of the index of refraction, H denotes altitude, KlRepresenting the specific attenuation coefficient of liquid water in the cloud, T representing the temperature of liquid water in the cloud, LcloudThe distance of the satellite-ground link in the cloud is represented, eta represents the efficiency of the receiving antenna, D represents the diameter of the receiving antenna, and L represents the propagation distance of the satellite-ground link.
As an alternative embodiment of said method, said di，jThe formula for calculation of (t) is:
wherein (x)i，j in(t)，yi，j m(t)) and (x)i，j out(t)，yi，j out(t)) respectively represent the coordinates of two intersections of the ith satellite-to-ground link and the jth square at the sampling time point t.
As an optional implementation manner of the method, in the step (5), a regularized inversion method is used to solve the rain attenuation equation set, and the concrete step of solving includes:
1) and obtaining a characteristic attenuation coefficient solution of the rain attenuation equation set by a least square principle, wherein the characteristic attenuation coefficient solution satisfies the following conditions:
J[γ]＝||Ar-Dγ||2＝min！
2) introducing a regularization term in the step 1), so that the characteristic attenuation coefficient solution of the rain attenuation equation set satisfies:
J[γ]＝||Ar-Dγ||2+λ||γ||2＝min！
wherein λ is a regularization parameter greater than 0;
3) calculating the characteristic attenuation coefficient of the rain attenuation equation set as
γ＝(λI+DTD)-1DTAr
Wherein I is an identity matrix.
As an alternative embodiment of the method, the relationship between rain intensity and rain characteristic attenuation is described by a rain attenuation power law function, that is:
R＝(γ/a)1/b
wherein for a frequency fiAll-satellite link, power law coefficient aiAnd biComprises the following steps:
on the other hand, the invention also provides a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking, which is used for realizing the method and comprises the following steps: the system comprises a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, a data acquisition and processing unit, a database unit and a rainfall field reconstruction and display unit;
the single-station multi-satellite receiving station is provided with a plurality of fixed antennas and is used for respectively receiving downlink signals of a plurality of satellites; the n single-station multi-satellite receiving stations are distributed in a detection area and form a satellite-ground link network with the m satellites;
the data acquisition and processing unit performs data interaction with each single-station multi-satellite receiving station, and performs real-time acquisition and processing on satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving station to obtain signal intensity information of satellite downlink signals of each satellite-to-ground link;
the database unit stores frequency information of satellite-ground links, receiving antenna position information of a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, satellite position information, coordinate information of each rectangular grid in a monitoring area and projection components of each satellite-ground link in each grid;
and the rainfall field reconstruction and display unit reconstructs the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field according to the data stored in the database unit and the signal intensity information of the satellite downlink signals of all satellite-to-ground links extracted by the data acquisition and processing unit.
Furthermore, the rainfall field reconstruction and display unit stores the reconstructed rainfall field in the database unit and dynamically displays the reconstructed rainfall field.
Has the advantages that: compared with the traditional rainfall field detection mode, the method fully exerts the advantages of wide coverage range of the broadcast communication satellite, more receiving stations, low cost, dense satellite-ground link sampling and the like, and the reconstructed near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field not only has high space-time resolution, but also has observation continuity and representativeness which are obviously superior to the traditional rainfall detection means. Meanwhile, the rainfall information is fused with a GIS map and provided for users in real time, and the rainfall information becomes an important data source for early warning of rainfall disasters and rescue and evacuation after disasters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-station multi-satellite operation in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of near-surface detection region meshing in embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is an architecture diagram of a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction system for single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a scheme capable of accurately observing and reconstructing a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field in real time based on the detection potential of the conventional satellite receiving equipment, and based on the aim, the invention provides a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method and system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking. The following detailed description is to be read with reference to the drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking, which comprises the following steps:
1. near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field detection system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking is constructed
(1) Establishing a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, erecting a plurality of satellite receiving antennas on the single station, and respectively pointing to different satellites according to different azimuth angles and elevation angles according to a preset broadcast communication satellite source (75-183-degree E of the earth stationary orbit), so as to receive satellite downlink signals of corresponding frequency bands.
(2) According to the detection requirement of a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field, a plurality of receiving stations are established in a detection area, and networking is performed according to a certain station distribution mode. The satellite-ground link paths between the n receiving stations and the m satellites are crossed with each other to form n multiplied by m satellite-ground links to form a dense network.
(3) And dividing a regional networking grid. And respectively identifying serial numbers of the n multiplied by m satellite-ground links. The detection area is divided into N × M rectangular squares, and the serial numbers are respectively identified, as shown in fig. 1. The tiles may be uniform or non-uniform depending on the link coverage density.
2. During rainfall, setting sampling time points, and recording the total number of the sampling time points as T; acquiring downlink signals of satellites on all satellite-ground links at each sampling time point t, and acquiring signal intensity information P according to the satellite signal frequency f of each satellite-ground link and the signal intensity information P obtained by samplingrAnd calculating the rain attenuation of each satellite-ground link at the sampling time point t:
Arain(t，f)＝Ptran+Gtran+Gr-Asci(t，f)-Agas(t，f)-Acloud(t，f)-Pr(t)
wherein A israin(t, f) represents the rainfall decay at the sampling time point t; ptranGtran and GrIs a constant value, PtranRepresenting the transmitted power of the satellite on the satellite-ground link, GtranRepresenting the antenna gain, G, of the satelliterRepresenting the gain of a ground receiving antenna on a satellite-ground link; a. thesci(t, f) represents the attenuation of flicker caused by turbulence in the flow layer at the sampling time t, Agas(t, f) represents the gas decay by water vapor and oxygen at the sampling time t, Acloud(t, f) represents the attenuation caused by the t cloud at the sampling time point; prAnd (t) represents the signal strength information of the satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving station in the satellite-ground link at the sampling time point t. Scintillation attenuation Asci(t, f), gas attenuation Agas(t, f) and cloud attenuation AcloudThe specific calculation method of (t, f) is as follows:
Asci(t，f)＝7.196·(3.6×10-3+10-4×Nwet)f7/12g(x)/sinθ1.2
Acloud(t，f)＝Kl(f，T)MLcloud
wherein N iswetDenotes a radio wave refractive index, f denotes a satellite-to-ground link frequency, θ denotes a receiving antenna elevation angle, h denotes an altitude of the receiving antenna, N "oxy(H, f) and N "vap(H, f) represents the imaginary parts of the negative refractive indexes of oxygen and water vapor respectively, H represents the altitude, KlRepresenting the specific attenuation coefficient of liquid water in the cloud, T representing the temperature of liquid water in the cloud, LcloudRepresents the distance of the satellite-ground link in the cloud, and g (x) is represented as:
x＝1.22ηD2(f/L)
where η represents the receive antenna efficiency, D represents the receive antenna diameter, and L represents the satellite-to-ground link propagation distance.
3. At sampling time t, for the ith satellite-to-ground link, its distance information within each rectangular grid is calculated (as shown in fig. 2):
Di(t)＝[di，1(t)，di，2(t)，di，3(t)，…，di，N×M(t)]
wherein d isi，j(t) represents the projection component of the ith satellite-to-ground link on the first square at the sampling time point t, specifically:
wherein (x)i，j in(t)，yi，j in(t)) and (x)i，j out(t)，yi，j out(t)) respectively represent the coordinates of two intersections of the ith link and the jth square grid at the sampling time t, and if the satellite-ground link does not pass through the square grid, di，j(t)＝0。
4. The rainfall attenuation of all satellite-ground links at each sampling time point in the sampling period is integrated into a rainfall attenuation vector ArIntegrating projection components of all satellite-ground links in each rectangular grid in a sampling period into a distance matrix D; establishing a rain attenuation equation set:
wherein A israin，i(t，fi) Showing the rain attenuation of the ith satellite-to-ground link at the sampling time point t, fiRepresenting the signal frequency of the satellite on the ith satellite-to-ground link, i ∈ [1, 2, …, n × m](ii) a Gamma is the attenuation vector of rainfall characteristic to be solved, gammajIs the rainfall characteristic attenuation corresponding to the first rectangular grid, j belongs to [1, 2, …, N × M]. Calculating to obtain a characteristic attenuation vector by adopting a regularization method:
(1) by the least square principle, the characteristic attenuation coefficient solution of the rain attenuation equation set satisfies
J[γ]＝||Ar-Dγ||2＝min！
(2) In order to ensure the stability of the solution, a regularization term is introduced, and the characteristic attenuation coefficient solution of the rain attenuation equation set meets the requirement
J[γ]＝||Ar-Dγ||2+λ||γ||2＝min！
Wherein λ is a regularization parameter greater than 0;
(3) the characteristic attenuation coefficient of the rain attenuation equation set can be given as
γ＝(λI+DTD)-1DTAr
Wherein I is an identity matrix.
5. And describing the relation between the rainfall intensity and the rainfall characteristic attenuation by adopting a rainfall attenuation power law function:
R＝(γ/a)1/b
wherein for a frequency fiAll-satellite link, power law coefficient aiAnd biComprises the following steps:
6. and (5) corresponding the rainfall intensity obtained in the step (5) with the grids marked with the serial numbers to complete the reconstruction of the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field.
7. And (4) combining the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstructed in the step (6) with a GIS map, storing the combined near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field in a database server, and transmitting the reconstructed rainfall field to terminals such as an accessed computer and a mobile phone in a dynamic visualization mode.
Example 2:
the present embodiment proposes a system for implementing the above method, as shown in fig. 3, including: the system comprises a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, a data acquisition and processing unit, a database unit and a rainfall field reconstruction and display unit;
the single-station multi-satellite receiving station is provided with a plurality of fixed antennas and is used for respectively receiving downlink signals of a plurality of satellites; the n single-station multi-satellite receiving stations are distributed in a detection area and form a satellite-ground link network with the m satellites;
the data acquisition and processing unit performs data interaction with each single-station multi-satellite receiving station, and performs real-time acquisition and processing on satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving station to obtain signal intensity information of satellite downlink signals of each satellite-to-ground link;
the database unit stores frequency information of satellite-ground links, receiving antenna position information of a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, satellite position information, coordinate information of each rectangular grid in a monitoring area and projection components of each satellite-ground link in each grid;
and the rainfall field reconstruction and display unit reconstructs the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field according to the data stored in the database unit and the signal intensity information of the satellite downlink signals of all satellite-to-ground links extracted by the data acquisition and processing unit, and the reconstructed rainfall field is stored in the database and is dynamically displayed.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that single-station multi-satellite receiving stations are arranged on the ground of a detection area, each single-station multi-satellite receiving station respectively receives downlink signals of a plurality of satellites through a plurality of fixed antennas, and paths of satellite-ground links among n single-station multi-satellites and m satellites are crossed with each other to form a dense network with n multiplied by m satellite-ground links;
(2) setting sampling time points on a rainfall device, and recording the total number of the sampling time points as T; acquiring downlink signals of satellites on all satellite-to-ground links at each sampling time point t, and acquiring signal intensity information P according to satellite signal frequency f and samplingrCalculating the rain attenuation on each satellite-ground link;
(3) dividing a near-ground two-dimensional plane of a detection area into a plurality of non-overlapping rectangular grids, and calculating a projection component of each satellite-ground link in each rectangular grid;
(4) constructing a rain attenuation equation set:
Dγ＝Ar
Ar＝[Arain，1(1，f1)，…，Arain，1(T，f1)，Arain，2(1，f2)，…，Arain，2(T，f2)，…，…，Arain，n×m(T，fn×m)]T
γ＝[γ1，γ2，γ3，…，γN×M]
D＝[D1(1)，…，D1(T)，D2(1)，…，D2(T)，…，Dn×m(1)，…，Dn×m(T)]T
wherein A israin，i(t，fi) Showing the rain attenuation of the ith satellite-to-ground link at the sampling time point t, fiRepresenting the signal frequency of the satellite on the ith satellite-to-ground link, i ∈ [1, 2, …, n × m](ii) a Gamma is the attenuation vector of rainfall characteristic to be solved, gammajIs the rainfall characteristic decay in the jth rectangular grid, j ∈ [1, 2, …, NxM]；Di(t)＝[di，1(t)，di，2(t)，di，3(t)，…，di，N×M(t)]，di，j(t) represents the projection component of the ith satellite-to-ground link on the jth rectangular grid at the sampling time point t, and if the ith satellite-to-ground link does not pass through the jth rectangular grid, di，j(t)＝0；
(5) Solving a rain attenuation equation set to obtain a rainfall characteristic attenuation vector gamma; reconstructing a rainfall intensity distribution matrix according to the relation between the rainfall intensity and the rainfall characteristic attenuation:
R＝f(γ)
wherein f () represents the functional relationship between the rain intensity and the rainfall characteristic attenuation;
(6) and (5) corresponding the rainfall intensity obtained in the step (5) to each rectangular grid to complete the reconstruction of the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field.
2. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 1, wherein:
the method for calculating the rain attenuation on the satellite-ground link comprises the following steps:
Arain(t，f)＝Ptran+Gtran+Gr-Asci(t，f)-Agas(t，f)-Acloud(t，f)-Pr(t)
wherein A israin(t, f) represents the rainfall decay at the sampling time point t; ptranGtran and GrIs a constant value, PtranRepresenting the transmitted power of the satellite on the satellite-ground link, GtranRepresenting the antenna gain, G, of the satelliterRepresenting the gain of a ground receiving antenna on a satellite-ground link; a. thesci(t, f) represents the attenuation of flicker caused by turbulence in the flow layer at the sampling time t, Agas(t, f) represents the gas decay by water vapor and oxygen at the sampling time t, Acloud(t, f) represents the attenuation caused by i cloud at the sampling time point; prAnd (t) represents the signal strength information of the satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving station in the satellite-ground link at the sampling time point t.
3. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 2, wherein:
the sizes of the rectangular grids can be uniform or non-uniform.
4. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 2, wherein: the scintillation attenuation Asci(t, f), gas attenuation Agas(t, f) and cloud attenuation AcloudThe calculation methods of (t, f) are respectively as follows:
Asci(t，f)＝7.196·(3.6×10-3+10-4×Nwet)f7/12g(x)/sinθ1.2
Acloud(t，f)＝Kl(f，T)MLcloud
wherein N iswetDenotes a refractive index of a radio wave, theta denotes an elevation angle of a receiving antenna, h denotes an altitude of the receiving antenna, N "oxy(H, f) and N "vap(H, f) represents the imaginary parts of the negative refractive indexes of oxygen and water vapor respectively, H represents the altitude, KlRepresenting the specific attenuation coefficient of liquid water in the cloud, T representing the temperature of liquid water in the cloud, LcloudRepresenting distances of satellite-to-ground links in the cloud, eta-tableThe efficiency of the receiving antenna is shown, D represents the diameter of the receiving antenna, and L represents the satellite-ground link propagation distance.
5. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: d isi，jThe formula for calculation of (t) is:
wherein (x)i，j in(t)，yi，j m(t)) and (x)i，j out(t)，yi，j out(t)) respectively represent the coordinates of two intersections of the ith satellite-to-ground link and the jth square at the sampling time point t.
6. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (5), a regularized inversion method is adopted to solve the rain attenuation equation set, and the concrete steps of the solution include:
1) and obtaining a characteristic attenuation coefficient solution of the rain attenuation equation set by a least square principle, wherein the characteristic attenuation coefficient solution satisfies the following conditions:
J[γ]＝||Ar-Dγ||2＝min！
2) introducing a regularization term in the step 1), so that the characteristic attenuation coefficient solution of the rain attenuation equation set satisfies:
J[γ]＝||Ar-Dγ||2+λ||γ||2＝min！
wherein λ is a regularization parameter greater than 0;
3) calculating the characteristic attenuation coefficient of the rain attenuation equation set as
γ＝(λI+DTD)-1DTAr
Wherein I is an identity matrix.
7. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction method based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 6, wherein: the relation between the rain intensity and the rainfall characteristic attenuation is described by adopting a rain attenuation power law function, namely:
R＝(γ/a)1/b
wherein for a frequency fiAll-satellite link, power law coefficient aiAnd biComprises the following steps:
8. a near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking is used for realizing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized in that:
the system comprises: the system comprises a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, a data acquisition and processing unit, a database unit and a rainfall field reconstruction and display unit;
the single-station multi-satellite receiving station is provided with a plurality of fixed antennas and is used for respectively receiving downlink signals of a plurality of satellites; the n single-station multi-satellite receiving stations are distributed in a detection area and form a satellite-ground link network with the m satellites;
the data acquisition and processing unit performs data interaction with each single-station multi-satellite receiving station, and performs real-time acquisition and processing on satellite downlink signals received by the single-station multi-satellite receiving station to obtain signal intensity information of satellite downlink signals of each satellite-to-ground link;
the database unit stores frequency information of satellite-ground links, receiving antenna position information of a single-station multi-satellite receiving station, satellite position information, coordinate information of each rectangular grid in a monitoring area and projection components of each satellite-ground link in each grid;
and the rainfall field reconstruction and display unit reconstructs the near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field according to the data stored in the database unit and the signal intensity information of the satellite downlink signals of all satellite-to-ground links extracted by the data acquisition and processing unit.
9. The near-ground two-dimensional rainfall field reconstruction system based on single-station multi-satellite and multi-station networking according to claim 8, wherein the rainfall field reconstruction and display unit stores the reconstructed rainfall field in the database unit and dynamically displays the reconstructed rainfall field.
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