CN110850510B - Method for reconstructing vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning - Google Patents

Method for reconstructing vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning Download PDF

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CN110850510B
CN110850510B CN201911073941.7A CN201911073941A CN110850510B CN 110850510 B CN110850510 B CN 110850510B CN 201911073941 A CN201911073941 A CN 201911073941A CN 110850510 B CN110850510 B CN 110850510B
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satellite
rainfall
vertical
ground link
attenuation coefficient
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CN110850510A (en
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刘西川
咸明皓
高太长
胡帅
刘磊
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for scanning and reconstructing a vertical rainfall field based on satellite-to-ground links, which comprises the steps of constructing a plurality of satellite signal receiving ends to receive polar orbit satellite signals to form a plurality of satellite-to-ground links; gridding a vertical area to be reconstructed; the spatial distribution of the attenuation coefficient is obtained by analyzing the relation among the satellite-ground link signal intensity information, the rainfall attenuation coefficient and the satellite-ground link length, the spatial distribution of rainfall is inverted according to the relation model of the attenuation coefficient and the rainfall intensity, rainfall information on a vertical space is generated, and finally the rainfall information and a detection area are combined to reconstruct a vertical rainfall field. The method not only makes up the defects of detecting the vertical rainfall field by the traditional means, but also has the advantages of high space-time resolution, low cost and the like, and provides important data support and guarantee for water resource management, agricultural development, natural disaster early warning and the like.

Description

Method for reconstructing vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of meteorological detection, in particular to a method for reconstructing a vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning.
Background
Monitoring of rainfall vertical distribution plays an important role in water resource management, agricultural development, early warning of natural disasters (debris flow, flood and the like) and the like. Traditional rainfall detection means include rain gauges, weather radars, and meteorological satellites. The rain gauge can only realize the observation of rainfall in a horizontal area through networking, and is difficult to arrange and maintain in regions with rare occurrence, such as deserts, rainforests and the like, so that the operation cost is increased; the weather radar can detect rainfall in a three-dimensional space, the space-time resolution is high, but the rainfall near the ground is difficult to measure under the influence of ground clutter when the elevation angle is low; the meteorological satellite can observe three-dimensional rainfall in the global range, and the rainfall can be monitored only twice a day in the same region, so that the requirement of rainfall real-time monitoring cannot be met due to too low time resolution.
At present, the number of medium and low orbit satellites operating in orbit exceeds 1000, and with the development of satellite constellation plans of companies such as 'one network', 'boeing' and the like, tens of thousands of medium and low orbit satellites enter space to work in the future, and the working frequency bands of the satellites are concentrated in microwave bands such as Ku, Ka and the like. Relevant researches show that rainfall can strongly attenuate signals of a microwave band, and a theoretical basis is provided for calculating rainfall intensity by utilizing microwave rainfall attenuation information. Meanwhile, the satellite antenna in the wave band is small in size, simple to operate and convenient to maintain, and the cost of a single antenna is far lower than that of a weather radar. Therefore, the vertical rainfall field is reconstructed through the satellite-ground link formed by the double (multiple) ground stations and the polar orbit satellite, so that the method has lower operation and maintenance cost and is used for supplementing the existing means, and the method is helpful for understanding the occurrence and development process of rainfall through the analysis of the vertical rainfall field and also has important effects on atmospheric science research, weather forecast and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for scanning and reconstructing a vertical rainfall field based on a satellite-ground link formed by a ground station and a polar satellite.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical effects, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for reconstructing a vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a satellite-ground link: n satellite signal receiving ends are arranged on the ground of an area where a vertical rainfall field needs to be reconstructed, and q satellite-ground links are formed between the n satellite signal receiving ends and m satellites distributed in the air;
(2) dividing a vertical rainfall field two-dimensional plane to be reconstructed into N multiplied by M rectangular grids with equal size;
(3) during rainfall, collecting the radio wave frequency f of each satellite-ground link i at each sampling time point T in a sampling period TiSignal strength information pi(t) and information L of the length of each satellite-ground link i within each cube it crossesi(t); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002261493600000021
Figure BDA0002261493600000022
representing the length of the satellite-ground link i in the kth grid at the moment t;
Figure BDA0002261493600000023
wherein eirp (t) represents the equivalent total radiated power,
Figure BDA0002261493600000024
represents attenuation due to non-rain factors, Ai(t) represents rainfall induced decay; will be provided with
Figure BDA0002261493600000025
Regarded as constant C, to obtain Ai(t)-C＝-pi(t)；
(4) Constructing a rain attenuation model of the satellite-ground link i:
Figure BDA0002261493600000026
wherein, γkRepresenting the attenuation coefficient in the kth grid; combined stand
Figure BDA0002261493600000027
And Ai(t)-C＝-pi(t), establishing a system of linear equations:
Lγ＝P
γ＝[γ1，γ2，γ3，…，γN×M，C]T
P＝[-p1(1)，…，-p1(T)，-p2(1)，…，-p2(T)，…，…，-pq(1)，…，-pq(T)]T
Figure BDA0002261493600000028
solving a linear equation set to obtain an attenuation coefficient vector gamma;
(5) obtaining attenuation coefficient and rainfall intensity R in each grid according to SAM modelkThen substituting the attenuation coefficient vector obtained in the step (4) into the SAM model to calculate the rainfall intensity R in each gridkAnd then obtaining the rainfall intensity distribution in each grid of the vertical rainfall field to be reconstructed.
Specifically, in the step (4), a joint algebraic reconstruction technique is adopted to solve the attenuation coefficient vector, and the specific steps include:
(21) initializing gamma0Setting a maximum number of iterations K for a vector consisting of 0 or a small numbermaxAnd stopping the iteration error threshold epsilon;
(22) according to the linear equation system L gamma is P, the iterative formula of the joint algebraic reconstruction technology is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002261493600000031
wherein s represents the number of iterations, s has an initial value of 0, λsRelaxation coefficient for the s-th iteration; drAnd DcRespectively diagonal matrices related to the row and column vectors of matrix L,
Figure BDA0002261493600000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002261493600000033
and
Figure BDA0002261493600000034
respectively representing the ith row vector and the jth column vector of the matrix L;
(23) when the solution of the attenuation coefficient vector satisfies the condition s > KmaxOr gamma ray2Stopping iteration when the epsilon is less than or equal to epsilon, and outputting a result gamma.
Specifically, the
Figure BDA0002261493600000035
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002261493600000036
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002261493600000037
and
Figure BDA0002261493600000038
respectively representing the incident point coordinates and the emergent point coordinates of the link in the kth grid.
Specifically, the SAM model is: gamma ═ aRbWherein a and b are power law coefficients:
Figure BDA0002261493600000039
Figure BDA00022614936000000310
wherein f is the satellite-to-ground link radio frequency.
Has the advantages that: compared with the traditional rainfall field observation method, the method has the following advantages:
the invention not only can realize the detection of rainfall intensity and vertical spatial distribution thereof, but also is beneficial to providing high-precision high-space-time-resolution key data for rainfall disaster early warning. Meanwhile, the invention fully utilizes the advantages of huge number of middle and low orbit satellites, low cost of satellite antennas, easy operation and the like, and completes the real-time monitoring of the vertical distribution and change of rainfall through the data visualization technology. In addition, the method can also be used as a new vertical rainfall field detection means to be put into meteorological observation service.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the reconstruction of a vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for implementing the method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the specific steps of the present invention implemented by the system of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
First, a system capable of implementing the method of the present invention is provided, which is shown in fig. 2 and includes: the system comprises a signal attenuation information sensing end, a data processing terminal, a database and a vertical rainfall product service end. The signal attenuation information sensing terminal specifically refers to a satellite signal receiving terminal, such as a satellite antenna, for receiving satellite signals and providing the satellite signals and the position information (x) of the antennai，yi) And position information of satellite
Figure BDA0002261493600000041
Transmitting the data into a data processing terminal and a database; the data processing terminal performs satellite signal processing (extracting frequency information f from satellite signal)iAnd intensity information pi) And performing rainfall information inversion and vertical rainfall field reconstruction, and storing the processing result in a database.
The specific flow for implementing the method of the present invention by the system is shown in fig. 3, and includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, dividing an area where a vertical rainfall field needs to be reconstructed into grids formed by N × M labeled rectangles with equal sizes, and storing grid coordinate information into a database;
step two: erecting n (n is more than or equal to 1) ground antennas, receiving signals of m (m is more than or equal to 1) satellites, and forming q (q is less than or equal to nxm) satellite-ground links; in rainfall, frequency information f of each link receiving signal is collected at each sampling time point T in a sampling period TiAnd intensity information piAnd together with position information (x) of the antennai，yi) And position information of satellite
Figure BDA0002261493600000042
The data are transmitted into a data processing terminal and stored in a database;
step (ii) ofThirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the data processing terminal analyzes the signal intensity information p of the ith link at t moment in real timei(t) and length information L of links within each meshi(t) and storing in a database, specifically:
1. the signal strength information of the ith link at the time t is as follows:
Figure BDA0002261493600000043
in which eirp (t),
Figure BDA0002261493600000044
and AiAnd (t) respectively represents equivalent full radiation power, attenuation caused by non-rain factors and attenuation caused by rainfall, and the equivalent full radiation power, the attenuation caused by non-rain factors and the attenuation caused by rainfall are constant in one detection time and can be approximately processed as a constant.
The above formula is changed into:
Ai(t)-C＝-pi(t) (2)
2. the length of the ith link in the kth grid at the time t is as follows:
Figure BDA0002261493600000045
in the formula
Figure BDA0002261493600000046
And
Figure BDA0002261493600000047
respectively representing the incident and emergent points of the link within the kth grid.
3. Length information L of ith link at time ti(t) can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002261493600000051
step four: the intensity information and the length information in the third step are transmitted from the database to the data processing terminalCombining the formed intensity vector P and the length matrix L to form a linear equation system, and solving the attenuation coefficient gamma in each gridkThe method comprises the following specific steps:
1. the rain fade information for the ith link at time t is shown as:
Figure BDA0002261493600000052
in the formula of gammakAttenuation coefficient in the kth grid.
2. After time T, the attenuation coefficient gamma to be obtainedkIntensity information pi(t) Length information Li(t) forming an attenuation coefficient vector γ, an intensity vector P and a length matrix L, respectively:
γ＝[γ1，γ2，γ3，…，γN×M，C]T (6)
P＝[-p1(1)，…，-p1(T)，-p2(1)，…，-p2(T)，…，…，-pq(1)，…，-pq(T)]T (7)
Figure BDA0002261493600000053
combining equations (2) and (5) establishes a linear system of equations:
Lγ＝P (9)
3. solving the attenuation coefficient vector by a joint algebraic reconstruction technology, specifically comprising the following steps:
Figure BDA0002261493600000054
in the formula, gammakRepresents the attenuation coefficient vector solution after the kth iteration; lambda [ alpha ]kIs the relaxation coefficient; drAnd DcDiagonal matrices are associated with the row and column vectors of matrix L, respectively:
Figure BDA0002261493600000061
Figure BDA0002261493600000062
Figure BDA0002261493600000063
and
Figure BDA0002261493600000064
respectively representing the ith row vector and the ith column vector of the matrix L.
Stopping iteration when the attenuation coefficient vector solution meets the condition, specifically:
Figure BDA0002261493600000065
in the formula, epsilon and KmaxRespectively representing an error threshold and a maximum number of iterations.
Step five: computing rainfall R in each grid by using SAM model and attenuation coefficient vector in step fourkThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the attenuation coefficient and the rainfall intensity satisfy a power law relation:
γ＝aRb (14)
2. the power law coefficients a and b of the SAM model are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002261493600000066
Figure BDA0002261493600000067
wherein f is the frequency of the satellite-ground link.
3. From the attenuation coefficient vector γ, the rainfall intensity is calculated:
Figure BDA0002261493600000068
step six: and (4) transmitting the area grid information from the database to a data processing terminal, fusing the area grid information with the rainfall information intensity in the step five, completing reconstruction of the vertical rainfall field, storing the reconstruction information in the database, and then performing visual and dynamic display through a vertical rainfall product service end, wherein the vertical rainfall product service end comprises an entity terminal capable of performing data display, such as a smart phone, a PC terminal and a related service website.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for reconstructing a vertical rainfall field based on satellite-ground link scanning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a satellite-ground link: n satellite signal receiving ends are arranged on the ground of an area where a vertical rainfall field needs to be reconstructed, and q satellite-ground links are formed between the n satellite signal receiving ends and m satellites distributed in the air;
(2) dividing a vertical rainfall field two-dimensional plane to be reconstructed into N multiplied by M rectangular grids with equal size;
(3) during rainfall, collecting the radio wave frequency f of each satellite-ground link i at each sampling time point T in a sampling period TiSignal strength information pi(t) and information L of the length of each satellite-ground link i within each cube it crossesi(t); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003237035010000011
Figure FDA0003237035010000012
representing the length of the satellite-ground link i in the kth grid at the moment t;
Figure FDA0003237035010000013
wherein eirp (t) represents the equivalent total radiated power,
Figure FDA0003237035010000014
represents attenuation due to non-rain factors, Ai(t) represents rainfall induced decay; will be provided with
Figure FDA0003237035010000015
Regarded as constant C, to obtain Ai(t)-C＝-pi(t)；
(4) Constructing a rain attenuation model of the satellite-ground link i:
Figure FDA0003237035010000016
wherein, γkRepresenting the attenuation coefficient in the kth grid; combined stand
Figure FDA0003237035010000017
And Ai(t)-C＝-pi(t), establishing a system of linear equations:
Lγ＝P
γ＝[γ1，γ2，γ3，...，γN×M，C]T
P＝[-p1(1)，...，-p1(T)，-p2(1)，...，-p2(T)，...，...，-pq(1)，...，-pq(T)]T
Figure FDA0003237035010000018
solving a linear equation set to obtain an attenuation coefficient vector gamma;
(5) obtaining attenuation coefficient and rainfall intensity R in each grid according to SAM modelkThen substituting the attenuation coefficient vector obtained in the step (4) into the SAM model to calculate the rainfall intensity R in each gridkThen obtaining the vertical rainfall field to be reconstructed in each gridDistribution of rainfall intensity;
the SAM model is as follows: gamma ═ aRbWherein a and b are power law coefficients:
Figure FDA0003237035010000021
Figure FDA0003237035010000022
wherein f is the satellite-to-ground link radio frequency.
2. The method for reconstructing the vertical rainfall field based on the satellite-ground link scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the attenuation coefficient vector is solved in the step (4) by using a joint algebraic reconstruction technique, and the specific steps include:
(21) initializing gamma0Setting a maximum number of iterations K for a vector consisting of 0 or a small numbermaxAnd stopping the iteration error threshold epsilon;
(22) according to the linear equation system L gamma is P, the iterative formula of the joint algebraic reconstruction technology is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0003237035010000023
wherein s represents the number of iterations, s has an initial value of 0, λsRelaxation coefficient for the s-th iteration; drAnd DcRespectively diagonal matrices related to the row and column vectors of matrix L,
Figure FDA0003237035010000024
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003237035010000025
and
Figure FDA0003237035010000026
respectively representing the ith row vector and the jth column vector of the matrix L;
(23) when the solution of the attenuation coefficient vector satisfies the condition s > KmaxOr gamma ray2Stopping iteration when the epsilon is less than or equal to epsilon, and outputting a result gamma.
3. The method for reconstructing a vertical rainfall field based on satellite-to-ground link scanning according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises
Figure FDA0003237035010000027
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003237035010000028
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003237035010000029
and
Figure FDA00032370350100000210
respectively representing the incident point coordinates and the emergent point coordinates of the link in the kth grid.
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