CN112520902A - Method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water - Google Patents
Method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water, and belongs to the field of recycling of industrial three wastes. The method for recycling the stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water comprises the following steps: A. adding ferroferric oxide crystal seeds or crystal seed liquid into the brushing water, and adjusting the pH value of the brushing water to be 7-9; B. and D, after precipitates appear in the solution in the step A, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore and filtrate. The method can be well linked with the existing pickling process and the pickling waste liquid treatment process, and the reclaimed water obtained by acid water classification treatment and ferroferric oxide crystal seed induction scrubbing of metal ion crystallization in water is returned to the pickling line for recycling, so that no wastewater is discharged outwards; the produced solid product of the nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore has the iron grade of 45 percent, the chromium grade of 4 percent and the nickel grade of 2 percent, has recycling value and can effectively solve the problem that the prior art can not effectively recycle the stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of recycling of industrial three wastes, relates to recycling of industrial waste liquid, and particularly relates to a method for recycling stainless steel pickling and brushing water.
Background
The aim of stainless steel pickling is mainly to remove iron scales and other surface defects generated in the heating and rolling processes, most of hot-rolled stainless steel pickling in China adopts sulfuric acid pickling and mixed acid pickling, a roller scrubbing and cleaning section is arranged between a sulfuric acid washing tank and a mixed acid washing tank and between the mixed acid washing tank and a steel coil collection in a pickling line, and the aim of removing deposits generated by pickling the surface of a steel plate out of the tank and washing away acid liquor brought out of the tank is achieved.
The stainless steel pickling line mainly produces two kinds of waste liquid, the waste acid that the pickling section produced is first, and the scrubbing water that the washing section produced is the other kind. The brushing water is one of waste liquid discharged in the stainless steel pickling process, has the characteristics of large water quantity and low contents of free acid and metal ions compared with concentrated waste acid discharged in the same way, and is weakly acidic waste water with light pollution degree. The content of metal ions such as iron, chromium, nickel and the like in the waste acid is more than 40g/L, and the content of free acid reaches 20-25%; the metal ions in the brushing water are about 1g/L, and the content of free acid is less than 2 percent. The discharge amount of the waste acid is 1/10-1/12 of the discharge amount of the scrubbing water.
At present, a common stainless steel factory adopts a traditional lime neutralization treatment method to treat pickling waste liquid, and the technological operation process of the lime neutralization method is as follows: mixing waste acid and scrubbing water uniformly, adding reducing agents such as sodium sulfite and the like to reduce hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium, then adding lime milk to neutralize free acid, adding flocculating agents to flocculate suspended matters, completing solid-liquid separation in a reaction clarification tank, stacking filter materials which are acid sludge, and continuously carrying out denitration treatment on the filtrate until the water reaches the standard and is discharged.
The process of mixing waste acid with scrubbing water and then treating by lime neutralization is simple and easy to implement, but has a plurality of important defects:
1. the content of free acid, metal ions and the like in the brushing water is low, but the discharge amount is large, so the brushing water is diluted acid water which is easy to treat. The brushing water is mixed into the waste acid with high content of free acid and metal ions, so that the brushing water can be treated according to the waste acid, the treatment capacity of the waste acid is increased, the treatment cost is increased, and the medicament cost is higher; and a large amount of water is discharged after reaching standards, and water resources are wasted. The waste acid is mixed with the brushing water, so that the brushing water dilutes the waste acid to reduce the content of metal ions, and the waste acid further pollutes the brushing water, so that the mixed solution can only be used for treating waste liquid, and both lose the resource utilization value.
2. The waste liquid mixed by the scrubbing water and the waste acid is neutralized by lime to react to generate nonmetal substances such as calcium sulfate, and when the nonmetal substances are coprecipitated with hydroxide generated by the neutralization reaction of metal ions, the quality of the metal is reduced, so that the sludge loses the recycling value and the resource recovery is difficult to carry out.
3. The generated sludge belongs to dangerous waste, because hexavalent chromium remains in the sludge, chromium in the sludge exists in the form of hexavalent chromium hydroxide, but the chromium is stacked in an aerobic atmosphere and can be oxidized into hexavalent chromium again, secondary pollution is caused, the sludge needs to be stacked after harmless treatment, and a method for keeping long effect after the acid sludge is re-treated does not exist at present; the obtained filtered water has nitrate radical, and the obtained filtered water also needs to be treated again to form standard discharged water.
Although the lime neutralization method is a conventional method for treating waste acid, when the method is used for treating stainless steel waste acid which is high in free acid content and contains important metal nickel, resources are changed into secondary pollution sources, sludge becomes dangerous solid waste, and the method also becomes an important factor for restricting the production and development of stainless steel. The metal and the water can be recycled by separately treating the brushing water by recognizing the characteristic of easy treatment of the brushing water, and meanwhile, the waste acid is not diluted by the brushing water and becomes a raw material for recycling the acid and the metal, and conditions are created for resource utilization of the waste acid. The green development concept requires harmonious symbiosis of economy and environment, the sustainable development is realized, the resource recycling is required, and the research on the resource utilization technology of the pickling waste liquid is urgent and necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot effectively utilize the stainless steel pickling and brushing water as resources.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for recycling the stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water comprises the following steps:
A. adding ferroferric oxide crystal seeds or crystal seed liquid into the brushing water, and adjusting the pH value of the brushing water to be 7-9;
B. and D, after precipitates appear in the solution in the step A, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore and filtrate.
It is understood by those skilled in the art that, as for the amount of the seed crystal or the seed solution to be added, those skilled in the art can add an appropriate amount depending on the amount of iron, chromium and nickel in the washing water.
In step A, a 25-35% strength sodium hydroxide solution is used to adjust the pH.
Further, step a is carried out under stirring.
And in the step B, drying the nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore, and then feeding the dried nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore into an electric furnace for smelting to obtain the nickel-chromium-iron alloy.
And D, filtering the obtained filtrate by sand to obtain reclaimed water in the step B.
Further, the above-mentioned regenerated water is treated by RO membrane to obtain desalted water.
The preparation method of the ferroferric oxide seed crystal or the seed crystal liquid comprises the following steps:
a. preparing or preparing a solution containing ferrous ions;
b. adding a pH regulator into the solution obtained in the step a, and regulating the pH of the solution to be 8-9 stably;
c. b, adding a transforming agent into the solution obtained in the step b until the solution is changed from blue green to black;
d. and d, standing and aging the solution obtained in the step c to obtain a seed crystal liquid containing ferroferric oxide seed crystals.
In the step a, the solution containing the ferrous ions is prepared or prepared as a ferrous sulfate solution.
Further, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 20-25%.
In the step b, the pH regulator is at least one of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
Further, the pH regulator is a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 25-35%.
In the step c, the converting agent is at least one of oxygen, air and hydrogen peroxide.
And c, performing the steps b and c under the stirring condition.
And d, filtering the seed crystal liquid obtained in the step d to obtain ferroferric oxide seed crystals.
The ferroferric oxide crystal seed prepared by the method is synthesized in situ by ferrous iron, and has amorphous shape, crystal defects and high reaction activity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water comprises the steps of adding ferroferric oxide crystal seeds into the scrubbing water, enabling the crystal seeds to become additional crystal nuclei in the scrubbing water, enabling iron ions and chromium ions in the water to attach the crystal nuclei and grow into crystal grains, adjusting the pH value by adding sodium hydroxide, and coprecipitating nickel into nickel hydroxide and chromium-containing ferrite spinel which has formed the crystal grains. The solid obtained after filtration is the nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore, the metal grade is high, and the nickel-chromium-iron alloy can be directly smelted. The filtered water reaches the water quality standard of industrial reclaimed water, and can be directly returned to a pickling line for scrubbing stainless steel or be treated by an RO (reverse osmosis) membrane to obtain desalted water which can be used for higher-grade purposes.
The invention provides a preparation method of crystal seeds for treating brushing water, which creatively uses ferrous sulfate to prepare ferroferric oxide crystal seeds by in-situ synthesis under the normal temperature condition, and has the characteristics of amorphous shape, defects of crystal lattices, fine particles, good dispersibility and strong activity. The material used for preparing the seed crystal is pure, no other pollutant is brought in, the seed crystal is prepared at normal temperature, the reaction time is short, the energy consumption required by heating is avoided, and the preparation cost is low.
The invention can be well connected with the existing pickling process and the pickling waste liquid treatment process, the scrubbing water is regenerated and returned to the pickling line for use through low-cost treatment, and the waste water is not discharged outside any more. The method of the invention uses the seed crystal to induce and crystallize the solid product of the nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore when the washing water is treated, the iron grade can reach 45 percent, the chromium grade can reach 4 percent, the nickel grade can reach 2 percent, and the method has recycling value. Because the method of the invention does not produce solid hazardous waste any more, the cost for reprocessing medicament, flocculating agent and acid mud can be saved, and the total cost is reduced. The method has high treatment reaction speed, can drain water in a large scale, and has the advantages of small occupied area and low required investment because treatment equipment is universal equipment in the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the method for recycling stainless steel pickling and brushing water according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention can be specifically implemented as follows.
The method for recycling the stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water comprises the following steps:
A. adding ferroferric oxide crystal seeds or crystal seed liquid into the brushing water, and adjusting the pH value of the brushing water to be 7-9;
B. and D, after precipitates appear in the solution in the step A, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore and filtrate.
In the step A, in order to improve the reaction efficiency, the pH is preferably adjusted by 25 to 35 percent sodium hydroxide solution.
In order to accelerate the reaction rate and make the reaction more complete, the step A is carried out under stirring.
The invention adds ferroferric oxide crystal seeds or crystal seed liquid into brushing water to induce the metal ions to crystallize and precipitate, the principle of which is that ferrous oxide and ferric oxide in water can generate ferroferric oxide under the alkalescent condition, and the reaction formula is as follows:
FeO decaFe2O3→FeO.Fe2O3→Fe3O4↓
When chromium ions exist, chromium enters into ferroferric oxide crystal lattices in an atomic state to occupy the position of an iron atom to form ferrochrome spinel, and the reaction formula is as follows:
Fe2+ten Fe3+Ten Cr3+Ten O2→FeO.(Fe,Cr),O3→(Fe2.Cr)O4↓
In the reaction process, chromium enters into a ferroferric oxide crystal lattice in an atomic state, chromium elements in water can be effectively removed, iron ions and chromium ions tend to attach to crystal nuclei to grow into crystal grains, sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH value, and nickel becomes nickel hydroxide to be coprecipitated with chromium-containing ferrite spinel which has formed the crystal grains. Because the spinel structure is compact and not easy to oxidize, and can prevent chromium from being oxidized into high-valence chromium dissolved in water when chromium-containing solid is stacked, the harmful influence of chromium on the environment can be effectively eliminated.
In order to maximize the recovery benefit of the brushing water, preferably, in the step B, the obtained nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore is dried at 150 ℃ to obtain nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore powder, and the nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore powder is smelted in an electric furnace with carbon to obtain nickel-chromium-iron alloy which becomes a stainless steel smelting raw material; and filtering the obtained filtrate by sand to obtain regenerated water, wherein the regenerated water can be returned to a scrubbing section of the pickling line to be used as scrubbing water.
More preferably, the above-mentioned reclaimed water is treated with an RO membrane to obtain desalted water, and the obtained desalted water is used for higher-grade use.
The preparation method of the ferroferric oxide seed crystal or the seed crystal liquid comprises the following steps:
a. preparing or preparing a solution containing ferrous ions;
b. adding a pH regulator into the solution obtained in the step a, and regulating the pH of the solution to be 8-9 stably;
c. b, adding a transforming agent into the solution obtained in the step b until the solution is changed from blue green to black;
d. and d, standing and aging the solution obtained in the step c to obtain a seed crystal liquid containing ferroferric oxide seed crystals.
In the step a, other substances in the solution containing ferrous ions do not influence the subsequent generation of the ferroferric oxide crystal seeds.
Preferably, the solution containing ferrous ions in step a is a prepared or prepared ferrous sulfate solution, the ferrous sulfate solution may be a prepared or purchased pure ferrous sulfate solution, or other ferrous sulfate industrial waste materials, such as ferrous sulfate waste residues obtained in a titanium dioxide process, may also be used, but it is understood by those skilled in the art that other substances in the solution should not affect the subsequent generation of ferroferric oxide seed crystals. Because the solid ferrous sulfate has wide sources, low price, convenient transportation and no other pollutants, the ferrous sulfate is preferably used as the raw material to prepare the ferrous sulfate solution in the technical scheme of the invention.
The prepared ferrous sulfate solution has too high concentration, which can influence the color observation in the subsequent reaction; the concentration is too low, too much water is introduced for effect in use, so it is preferable that the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution prepared in step a is 20-25%.
In the step b, the pH regulator refers to at least one of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, the pH regulator is used for regulating the pH of the reaction system, and the sodium hydroxide does not generate carbon dioxide gas to escape in the reaction process, so the sodium hydroxide is preferably used as the pH regulator in the technical scheme of the invention.
In order to save cost and improve reaction efficiency, it is preferable that the pH adjuster is a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 25 to 35%.
In the step c, the transforming agent is at least one of oxygen, air and hydrogen peroxide, and has the function of transforming ferrous iron into ferric iron, and hydrogen peroxide participates in the reaction at a high speed, and the reaction end point is easy to control, so hydrogen peroxide is preferably used as the transforming agent in the technical scheme of the invention.
In order to accelerate the reaction rate and make the reaction more complete, it is preferable that the above steps b and c are performed under stirring.
And d, filtering the seed crystal liquid obtained in the step d to obtain ferroferric oxide seed crystals.
The prior magnetite taking ferroferric oxide as a main component and the ferroferric oxide generated by taking ferric oxide as a batch material cannot be used as seed crystals due to complete crystallization and low activity. The crystal seeds used in the invention are ferroferric oxide crystal seeds synthesized in situ by ferrous iron, have the characteristic of amorphous shape, and can efficiently remove metal ions in the brushing water in the implementation and application because the crystal lattices have defects and have high activity, and the particles are fine and easy to disperse.
The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be further described below by way of practical examples.
Examples
100g of ferrous sulfate was added to 400ml of water, and the solution was dissolved with stirring at pH5.5, and the pH was adjusted to 8 with 30% sodium hydroxide while stirring. And then, adding hydrogen peroxide into the solution intermittently and slowly, wherein the intermittent addition of hydrogen peroxide means that the color of the liquid surface turns red instantly when the hydrogen peroxide is added into the solution, which indicates that ferrous iron is converted into ferric iron, at the moment, the addition of hydrogen peroxide is stopped, the red liquid reacts with the blue-green ferrous mother solution under the stirring condition, the surface red disappears, and hydrogen peroxide is added, and the operation is repeated until the color of the solution is changed from blue green to black. Stopping stirring, standing for 2 hours, and then obtaining precipitated solid which is ferroferric oxide seed crystal, and stirring uniformly when in use, wherein the obtained solution is ferroferric oxide liquid crystal.
In this embodiment, three groups of application effects of treating the brushing water by using the liquid ferroferric oxide crystal prepared by the present invention are provided, for example, in examples 1, 2 and 3, 5000ml of brushing water is taken from example 1 and 2, and 10000ml of brushing water is taken from example 3, and the results of detecting the water quality are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Water quality test results for brushing Water
| Examples of the invention | pH | turbidity/mg/L | hardness/mg/L | Fe/mg/L | Cr/mg/L | Ni/mg/L |
| 1 | 4 | 17.6 | 200 | 209 | 0.14 | 15 |
| 2 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 50 | 108 | 0.33 | 4.4 |
| 3 | 3 | 22 | 184 | 310 | 88.2 | 95 |
Example 1 after adding 50ml of the prepared ferroferric oxide liquid crystal to brushing water and stirring for 2 minutes, the pH value is adjusted to 8.5 by 30 percent sodium hydroxide solution, and the stirring is continued for 3 minutes; example 2 adding 35ml of the prepared ferroferric oxide liquid crystal to brushing water, stirring for 2 minutes, adjusting the pH to 8 by using 25% sodium hydroxide solution, and continuing stirring for 2 minutes; example 3 to the brushing water was added 80ml of the above-prepared liquid ferroferric oxide crystals, and after stirring for 5 minutes, the pH was adjusted to 8 with 30% sodium hydroxide solution and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. After the stirring is stopped, sedimentation occurs, the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the reaction liquid, the filtrate is the regenerated water, and the water quality detection result is shown in table 2; the solid was a nicr-fe ore, and its chemical composition was measured after drying as shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 quality test results of treated reclaimed water
TABLE 3 chemical composition of post-drying NiCrFe-crystallite ore powder (wt.%)
| Examples of the invention | TFe | Cr2O3 | Ni |
| 1 | 45.59 | 2.9 | 2.56 |
| 2 | 45.84 | 4 | 1.7 |
| 3 | 47 | 2 | 2 |
Comparative examples magnetite and ferrous sulfate, which were the main components of ferroferric oxide, and ferroferric oxide, which was prepared using ferric oxide as the raw material, were used as the seed crystals, and after adding the rinse water, the above procedure was performed, and as a result, neither of the two ferroferric oxides was crystallized with the metal ions in the rinse water, nor reacted with the rinse water.
From the examples and comparative examples, the method for treating the stainless steel acid washing water can effectively remove the metal ions in the washing water in the implementation application; the acid water is classified and treated, and the solid product nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore is obtained by induced crystallization treatment of ferroferric oxide crystal seeds when washing water, wherein the iron grade can reach 45 percent, the chromium grade can reach 4 percent, the nickel grade can reach 2 percent, and the recycling value is achieved; the regenerated water can be returned to the pickling line for recycling or used for higher-level application after being treated, and the problem of resource utilization of the brushing water is effectively solved.
Claims (10)
1. The method for recycling the stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. adding ferroferric oxide crystal seeds or crystal seed liquid into the brushing water, and adjusting the pH value of the brushing water to be 7-9;
B. and D, after the solution precipitation in the step A is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore and filtrate.
2. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step A, the pH is adjusted using 25-35% sodium hydroxide solution.
3. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and D, drying the nickel-chromium-iron crystal ore obtained in the step B, and smelting to obtain the nickel-chromium-iron alloy.
4. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and D, filtering the filtrate obtained in the step B by sand to obtain regenerated water.
5. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and treating the reclaimed water by an RO membrane to obtain desalted water.
6. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and brushing water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the preparation method of the ferroferric oxide seed crystal or liquid crystal comprises the following steps:
a. preparing or preparing a solution containing ferrous ions;
b. adding a pH regulator into the solution obtained in the step a, and regulating the pH of the solution to be 8-9 stably;
c. b, adding a transforming agent into the solution obtained in the step b until the solution is changed from blue green to black;
d. and d, standing and aging the solution obtained in the step c to obtain a seed crystal liquid containing ferroferric oxide seed crystals.
7. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the solution containing ferrous ions is a ferrous sulfate solution.
8. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 20-25%.
9. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the pH regulator is at least one of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
10. The method for recycling stainless steel pickling and scrubbing water according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step c, the converting agent is at least one of oxygen, air and hydrogen peroxide.
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