CN107385197A - A kind of resource utilization method of red mud - Google Patents
A kind of resource utilization method of red mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN107385197A CN107385197A CN201710582083.3A CN201710582083A CN107385197A CN 107385197 A CN107385197 A CN 107385197A CN 201710582083 A CN201710582083 A CN 201710582083A CN 107385197 A CN107385197 A CN 107385197A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/0409—Waste from the purification of bauxite, e.g. red mud
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/32—Aluminous cements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
A kind of resource utilization method of red mud, comprises the following steps：（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, reduction transforming agent, lime and water, reproducibility heat chemistry causticization reduction reaction is carried out under the conditions of temperature 60 C~350 DEG C, pressure 0.1013MPa~4.5MPa, displace the alkali combined in red mud in the mineral such as alumino-silicate and form strong basicity slurry, and the Iron Oxide Minerals reduction in red mud is converted into ferroso-ferric oxide in strong basicity slurry, and/or iron reduction synchronous with chromium, titanium, vanadium, gallium, scandium etc. contained in red mud is circulated to the isomorphous Ferrite of the element such as formation chromium titanium vanadium gallium scandium in ferrite lattice；（2）Magnetic separation carries iron；（3）Separation carries alkali；（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes.The present invention has the advantages that three big main components in low energy consumption, economy, non-secondary pollution, energy effective recycling red mud.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection and waste utilization technical field, and in particular to a kind of resource utilization method of red mud.
Background technology
Currently, China has been alumina producing big country of the world, and China's aluminum oxide production capacity has accounted for global aggregated capacity within 2015
51.98% up to 7160.27 ten thousand tons, China's aluminum oxide yield has accounted for the 51.18% up to 5898.90 ten thousand tons of global aluminum oxide total output,
Newly 6,000,000 tons of operation production capacity, aggregated capacity it will be expected to reach 80,000,000 tons plus 2017,2017 annual productions are expected to reach 65,600,000
Ton.Industrial oxidation aluminium production process almost all is alkaline process at present, mainly there is Bayer process, sintering process and Bayer-sintering combination method
Technique, it is to use alkali（NaOH or NaCO3) processing bauxite, the alumina leaching in bauxite is switched to sodium aluminate solution, alum clay
The impurity such as iron, silicon, calcium, magnesium, titanium, scandium, gallium, chromium, vanadium, strontium, fluorine in ore deposit raw material enter in insoluble matter residue, separate the residual of discharge
Slag（Discarded object）Because taken on a red color containing substantial amounts of iron oxide thus referred to as red mud.Typically often produce one ton of aluminum oxide about discharge 1.0~
1.3t red muds, part are even up to 2~3t.Additive in different process, the bauxite of heterogeneity and production process
Material composition it is different, the red mud component difference of discharge is larger, and in general, the main chemical compositions of red mud from sintering process are CaO
And SiO2, secondary chemical Al2O3And Fe2O3, alkali content is relatively low, highest among calcium oxide content three, mixed combining method and burning
The composition that connection arranges red mud is roughly the same, and the content of iron oxide and aluminum oxide is relatively low, and mixed combining method alkali content is up to more than ten for most
Height, as Shanxi, Shandong, Guizhou and Central Region, Zhengzhou use sintering process He ripple the chemical composition of aluminium manufacturer's red mud of ∕ or mixed combining method
Move in Fe2O35~9.5%, Al2O36.4~9.5%, SiO220~26%, CaO 36~47%, TiO22.5~7.5%, K2O
0.2~0.8%, Na2O 3~12%, MgO 1.5~2.5%, Loss 8~16.5%, average out to Fe2O3 8.0%、Al2O3 8.1%、
SiO2 20.4%、CaO 45%、TiO2 5.%、K2O 0.4%、Na2O 4.8%、MgO2.1%、Loss 8.3%；Bayer process red mud oxygen
It is high to change iron and alumina content, for iron oxide up to the 28%~34% of total amount, aluminum oxide is 17% or so of total amount, alkali content is relatively low,
Calcium oxide content is low, as the chemical composition of the Bayer process red mud of Pingguo aluminium manufacturer is generally Fe2O328~34%, Al2O316~
19%、SiO27~9%, CaO 18~21%, TiO2 6.5~7.5%, K2O0.04~0.1%, Na2O 2.2~8.6%, MgO 0.3
~0.8%, Loss 11~14%.
The particle diameter of red mud particle is substantially>0.075mm 3~6%, 0.075~0.005mm 87~92%,<0.005mm 4
~7%；And the essential mineral of red mud is aragonite and calcite, opal, gibbsite, goethite, also a small amount of titanium mineral,
Siderite, waterglass, sodium aluminate, trona and caustic soda.Wherein aragonite and calcite content are often up to 50~65%, aragonite, calcite
Cementation is played with composition skeletons, pin magnesium ore deposit, gibbsite, opal, waterglass etc. such as siderites, there is red mud cementing
The aperture frame shape structure that structure-agglomerate, structure-collection plastochondria, the level structure of structure-aggregate 3 are formed；Make the specific surface area of red mud total
Higher fluctuation is in 186.9m on body2/ g~64.09m2/ g, and amplitude of variation is big；2840~2870g/m of proportion3.Due to red mud
Mineral decentralization and lattice structure otherness are notable, and not only water content is big for red mud, and water-holding capacity is up to 79.03~93.2%, vibration
When condensate rate up to 5~14.93%.The red mud newly stacked, in liquid-plastic state, soft, yielding, easy liquefaction.High water-holding capacity can cause
Red mud piling up is still in soft modeling-plastic flow mud matter state for many years.But after stacking a period of time under certain conditions, by de-
Water, bleed, recrystallization continuous cropping use can dry hardening.
The generation process and its composition of red mud determine that the pollutant in red mud and its attached liquid mainly has alkali, heavy metal, fluorine
Compound, chloride, sulfate etc., and the pH value of red mud is up to 10.3~12,4.89~8.6mg/l of content of fluoride, its leachate
PH value up to 12.1~14,11.5~26.7mg/l of content of fluoride.Therefore, red mud（Containing attached liquid）It is harmful useless to belong to strong basicity
Slag, harmlessness disposing need to be carried out.
Foreign countries, the red mud of alumina producing enterprise originally mainly filled out extra large stockpiling, and red mud is filled out sea stockpiling and prohibited by explicit order now
Only, stockpiling of building a dam turns into main processing mode.The country, red mud is largely discharged into culvert undderground river and simple earthing is filled out
Bury.In recent years, as the reinforcing of environmental protection, red mud are largely built a dam stockpiling, the accumulation super several hundred million tons of volume of cargo in storage.Red mud dump construction
It is high with maintenance cost, and strong basicity, the red mud waste liquid seepage of high salinity can cause alkalization of soils, polluted underground water source, also break
Surrounding enviroment are broken, bring serious environmental problem, cause the environmental protection pressure of aluminum i ndustry to increase severely, it has also become influence China's aluminum i ndustry
The thorny problem of sustainable development.
Currently, the environmental risk of red mud pilling causes the attention of government of each alumina producing state already, and reaches common understanding：
The key for solving the problems, such as red mud is research and development red mud comprehensive utilization technique.It is big around the recycling of red mud and harmless treatment two
Theme, lot of domestic and foreign scientific research institutions and technical staff expand multi-field, multi-disciplinary red mud comprehensive utilization technique research.Greatly
Cause can be summarized as：
1）Cement technology is produced using red mud
It is always the great support items of national science and technology as China by the use of red mud production cement, continues from the sixties in last century
Huge manpower, fund are put into.
It is specifically SiO necessary to containing portland cement with red mud from sintering process using red mud production cement technology2、
Fe2O3、Al2O3, the characteristics of component and the alkali content such as CaO are relatively low, clay etc. is replaced as the original of manufacture of cement using red mud from sintering process
Material.Domestic Shandong Aluminum Plant begins the sixties in last century, replaces raw clay using red mud from sintering process, is successfully given birth to using wet processing
Portland cement is produced.But because alkali content is high and kiln condition, product quality is relatively low the problems such as, fail popularization and application, after more because
Limitation of the national new standard to cement-stabilized soil, cause the doping level of red mud from sintering process in manufacture of cement little.
China Aluminum Co., Ltd in 2008 assume responsibility for Eleventh Five-Year Plan national science and technology supporting plan problem " at red mud harmless again
Reason and application technology as the second resource research " and " research of dealkalize red mud production Portland cement is tested and utilized to red mud dealkalization " item
Mesh, manufacture of cement to be used for using the dealkalize of two-phase method lime to red mud from sintering process, but because technology and sake of economy, the red mud are harmless
Change is remained in uncertainty so far using technology and two-phase method lime dealkalize technology from effective commercial Application.
2）Novel wall material technology is produced using red mud
In terms of using red mud production new wall material, the manpower and fund of China's input are also very huge, have carried out substantial amounts of skill
Art is developed, and was begun both with great project verification to have carried out in 2000 such as China Aluminum Corporation and is used part red mud and powdered silica material, stone
Ash, fibre reinforced materials etc., it is new that a kind of Thermal Insulation Material of Porous Calcium Silicate is made in agitated, gelation, shaping, steam pressure and drying
Insulation material, but energy consumption is higher, and the consumption of red mud is limited.Other also have " red mud powder as national major scientific and technological projects
Coal ash fired brick " as national " 95 " tackling of key scientific and technical problems major project in expansion in 1997, " red-mud coal ash baking-free brick " in
The technology of baking-free brick of red mud novel wall material by the well-known university's cooperation development of Zhong Lv postdoctoral workstations and the country in 2004,
And " red mud from sintering process and Bayer process red mud fired brick " was corrected the THE INDUSTRIAL TRIAL technology under supporting by capital construction commission's wall in 2008 and ground
Study carefully, but these national scientific and technological result projects are all because the problems such as less economical and product cracking, scum fails to realize industry
Change.
3）Red mud is as roadbed material technology
Red mud is that aluminium leads in 2004 for primary raw material with red mud from sintering process and flyash, lime, cement etc. as pavement material
Cross cooperation by production, study and research and implement Demonstration Application engineering.It is cheap that red mud makees roadbed material cost, can also save substantial amounts of loess money
Source, but objectively still simply displaced pollution.
4）The agricultural fertilizer technology of red mud system
The agricultural fertilizer technology of red mud system includes red mud drying powder is made or graininess is made as soil conditioner (also known as red mud silicon
Fertilizer or silico-calcium compound fertilizer) or red mud is added into part phosphorus nitrogen potassium and/or organic waste is made graininess multi-elements composite fertilizer and used
In arable land.Though red mud agricultural fertilizer can dissolve the environmental protection pressure problem of alumina producing enterprise really, essence is by the dirt of concentration
Dye transfer diffusion.
5）Valuable metal technology is extracted from red mud
Containing the yttrium such as titanium, scandium, gallium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, thorium and uranium in red mud, therefore, extracted from red mud titanium, scandium,
The valuable metal element such as gallium, niobium, tantalum is always the problem of domestic and international scientific research personnel's research.At present, the main method taken is high
Warm reduction melting and acid leaching extraction method, but complex process, high energy consumption, and secondary pollution is serious, there is no so far can economical and effective
Method of the ground enrichment extraction without producing secondary pollution.
6）Bayer process red mud selects iron technology
Fe in Bayer process red mud2O3 Content big up to 20%~40%, therefore, it is always domestic and international that iron is reclaimed from Bayer process red mud
The target that scientific and technical personnel make great efforts.The method for reclaiming iron in Bayer process red mud at present is broadly divided into metallurgical method and physical upgrading side
The major class of method two.
Metallurgical method mainly adds reducing agent（Predominantly C, CO, H2）In high temperature furnace reducing and smelting be separated into the pig iron or
The bloodstone of weak magnetic in red mud and goethite high temperature reduction are fired into magnetic iron ore, then magnetic separation separates again；
Physical upgrading method is mainly FLOTATION SEPARATION or uses magnetic separation recovery ferriferous oxide.
Although metallurgical method and the industrialization at present of physical upgrading method, and Bayer process red mud magnetic selection method therein
Some more high-grade iron ore concentrates are can obtain through more wheel magnetic separation purifications, but because the ferriferous oxide in red mud is mostly ultra-fine and height point
Dissipate and covered by aluminosilicate mineral and wrapped up in, either current metallurgy method or physics magnetic method, actually technology and economy are all
It is not ideal, and still there are a large amount of waste residues to need to handle.
7）Other application
The harmless resource utilization of red mud also has " research and development that red mud fills efficient cementing agent " using technical research【" 95 "
State key science and technology (tackling key problem) plans thematic project】, " using red mud production ceramic filter material "（Aluminium utilization are red in 2003
Mud 27%~35%, flyash 35%, gangue 5%~6%, mine tailing about 30% produce novel environment friendly ceramic filter material）, " red mud Compositional type
Fire retardant "（Eleventh Five-Year Plan national science and technology supporting plan project）, " red mud prepares ecological restoration material "（Eleventh Five-Year Plan country
Science and technology supporting project project）, " red mud devitrified glass "（With red mud and chrome ore slag, quartz sand, calcined soda for industry, feldspar etc.
Grinding sinters）, " red mud makees circulating fluid bed boiler desulfurization agent ", " red mud production steel-making covering slag " etc..These technologies or product
, should from industrialization at present or in progress or because of product quality problem or because of economy and high energy consumption and secondary pollution problem
Target with a large amount of consumption red muds is still remote.
Today, the harmless resource utilization comprehensive utilization of red mud turn into the big problem paid close attention to jointly in the whole world.Although state
It is inside and outside to have done substantial amounts of research work in this respect, substantial amounts of achievement is achieved, also develops many red mud products, but it is more
The experience and lessons that red mud comprehensively utilizes over year show：Include weight with reference to alkali and the metal oxide of complexity containing substantial amounts of in red mud
Metal, even using red mud containing alkali as raw material, either make inorganic filler, or be production cement, brick material and the building such as build the road
Material, alkali are all harmful constituents, directly affect the quality and use range of product, seriously govern red mud comprehensive utilization ratio
Improve.And can this industrial residue of red mud utilize the effective solution for involving these problems to greatest extent.It is how effective
Using the composition and physical characteristic of red mud, using the Bayer process red mud of red mud especially high ferro as a kind of raw material, low energy consumption, economy
And non-secondary pollution, it is reasonable and sufficiently effective recycle red mud in major main component implement recycling,
Have become an extremely urgent task at this stage.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of physical characteristic using red mud and main mineral constituent are special
Point, low energy consumption, economic and non-secondary pollution, the reasonable and sufficiently effective three big main components recycled in red mud
Implement the method for recycling.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of resource utilization method of red mud, including
Following steps：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, reduction transforming agent, lime and water, in temperature 60 C~350 DEG C, pressure
Reproducibility heat chemistry causticization reduction reaction is carried out under the conditions of power 0.1013MPa~4.5MPa, displaces alumino-silicate etc. in red mud
The alkali combined in mineral forms strong basicity slurry, and the Iron Oxide Minerals reduction in red mud is converted into four in strong basicity slurry
Fe 3 O, and/or by iron contained in red mud it is synchronous with chromium, titanium, vanadium, gallium, scandium etc. reduce to circulate in ferrite lattice formed
The isomorphous Ferrite of the elements such as chromium titanium vanadium gallium scandium；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：The separation and Extraction step in a manner of magnetic separation（1）Gained reproducibility conversion slurry in ferroso-ferric oxide and
Ferrite, water washing cleaning obtain the iron ore concentrate containing ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite, and iron ore concentrate is used as iron-smelting raw material or be used as to divide
The valuable metal and the raw material of iron wherein melted admittedly from extraction, remaining slurry deliver to subsequent processing；
（3）Separation carries alkali：By step（2）Remaining slurry be separated by filtration, obtain filter residue and aqueous slkali, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtain silicon
Calcium aluminate mineral slag, aqueous slkali is by known method concentrated base or soda ash；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：By step（3）Production raw material of the ca aluminosilicate mineral slag of gained as correlation：①
Timber-used raw material is blended as production activity；It is 2. former as the low-grade silicate cementing material of production or anhydrite binder materials
Material；3. cement plant or brickmaking factory are directly supplied as raw material；4. as production aluminum oxide and/or titanium dioxide and/or white carbon
Raw material.
Further, step（1）In, described red mud is the waste residue in alkaline process alumina producing, and preferably Bayer process high ferro is red
Mud.
Further, step（1）In, described reduction transforming agent for the hydrazine with efficient strong reducing property and/or hydrazine hydrate and/
Or methyl hydrazine and/or uns-dimethylhydrazine, preferably hydrazine and/or hydrazine hydrate.
Further, step（1）In, the dosage of described reduction transforming agent with mole（mol）Work as gauge, contained by red mud
The di-iron trioxide molal quantity of ferro element conversion（mol）Equivalent proportion be 0.1~1.0:1.0（It is preferred that 0.15~0.45:1.0）.
Further, step（1）In, the dosage of described lime is the 6~65% of red mud butt weight.
Further, step（1）In, in described slurry, red mud, reduction transforming agent, the gross mass of lime and the quality of water
Than for 1:1~15.
Further, step（1）In, the reaction time is 0.5h~12h.
Further, step（1）In, it can also add other hydrazines that quality is described reduction transforming agent dosage 30~300% and spread out
Biology（Such as hydrazine amine, benzyl hydrazine）, alcohol ethers compound（Such as ethylene glycol, glycerine）, ammoniac compounds（Such as ammonia, methylamine）、
Ferrous salt（Such as ferrous sulfate）In one or more as assisted Reduction transforming agent.
Further, step（4）In, described heat treatment kiln be known fluidized bed furnace or fluid bed furnace or vertical heater or
Rotary kiln or cyclone furnace or tube furnace.
Further, if needing vented gasses or steam to be used by known oxidizing decontamination process during red mud resource utilization
Oxidant（Such as ferrate, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide）Solution may wherein contain micro- as cleanser atomization purification
Measure hydrazine；The three major types raw material of gained（Smart iron ore, alkali, ca aluminosilicate mineral）Depending on the circumstances or the needs of the situation whether, using 0.01~2.00%
The wherein remaining Determination of Trace Hydrazine of decontaminant solutions purification.
Further, step（2）And step（3）In, water lotion Returning utilization is in step（1）.
Further, step（4）In, 1. blend timber-used raw material as production activity：Ca aluminosilicate mineral slag is sent at heat
It is calcined in reason kiln in 650 DEG C~1200 DEG C, activity is made and blends material, after directly admixture or grinding are made in supply cement plant
Supply cement plant, concrete mixing plant make admixture；2. as the low-grade silicate cementing material of production or anhydrite gelling material
Material raw material：Quality is added to be sent into hot place together equivalent to the waste gypsum of ca aluminosilicate mineral slag 8~90% ca aluminosilicate mineral slag
In reason kiln in 700 DEG C~1200 DEG C oxidizing atmospheres calcination for activation, be made with gelation activity matured slag, matured slag grinding
It is used for building material directly as binder materials afterwards.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1) method is simple, and treating capacity is big and non-secondary pollution.
2）The three major types component based on smart iron ore, alkali and ca aluminosilicate is directly decomposed into after red mud is converted, respectively as
Raw material is rationally applied to different enterprises and produces different product as alternative raw material, beneficial to resources conservation and recycling economy
Development.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
From the Bayer process red mud that certain factory is fresh, its butt chemical composition is Fe2O3 32.72%、Al2O3 17.04%、
SiO27.26%、CaO 18.89%、TiO2 6.45%、K2O 0.09%、Na2O 5.29%、MgO 0.33%、Loss 10.97%；Also
Former transforming agent selects commercially available hydrazine（Content 98.5%）；Lime selects commercially available white lime（Product after block ash aquation impurity elimination）；Only
Agent is diluted to concentration 0.10% from commercially available ClO 2 solution and is used for purification gas and the raw material of steam and gained；By such as
Lower step carries out the recycling of red mud：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, hydrazine, lime and water（Red mud, hydrazine, the matter of the gross mass of lime and water
Amount is than being 1:8）, the dosage of hydrazine with mole（mol）Work as gauge, the di-iron trioxide molal quantity with contained ferro element conversion in red mud
（mol）Equivalent proportion is 0.4:1.0, the dosage of lime is the 60% of red mud butt quality, in 240 DEG C of temperature, pressure 3.35MPa bars
Reproducibility heat chemistry causticization reduction reaction is carried out under part, reaction time 2h, after conversion terminates, slurry color switchs to brownish black, sinks
Drop is fast；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：Ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite in magnetic separation separation and Extraction reproducibility conversion slurry, water washing cleaning,
Iron ore concentrate, water lotion Returning utilization are obtained, remaining slurry delivers to subsequent processing；
Detection：The iron ore concentrate iron-holder 69.38% of extraction, iron recovery 94.73% in red mud, is recycled as iron-smelting raw material；
（3）Separation carries alkali：Remaining slurry is separated by filtration, filter residue and aqueous slkali is obtained, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtains ca aluminosilicate mineral
Slag, water lotion Returning utilization, aqueous slkali are passed through CO2Soda ash is made in concentration；
Detection；Ca aluminosilicate slag contains alkali（R2O) 0.89%, alkali recovery 95.38%；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：Timber-used raw material is blended using ca aluminosilicate mineral slag as production activity：By ca aluminosilicate ore deposit
Thing slag is sent into heat treatment kiln and is calcined 45 minutes in 900 DEG C, and activity is made and blends material, and blending material substitution with this activity grinds
The slag of cement（Quality proportioning 35%）, the physical and mechanical property of the cement with being ground with slag is suitable.
Embodiment 2
From the Bayer process red mud of certain Ba Chang stockpilings, its butt chemical composition Fe2O3 29.76%、Al2O3 16.47%、
SiO27.16%、CaO 19.12%、TiO2 6.54%、K2O 0.11%、Na2O 7.06%、MgO 0.26%、Loss12.57%；Reduction
Transforming agent selects commercially available hydrazine hydrate（Content 80%）；Assistant reducing agent selects ferrous sulfate（For the byproduct of titanium powder plant）；Stone
Ash selects commercially available quick lime；Cleanser from commercially available ClO 2 solution be diluted to concentration 0.10% be used for purification gas and
The raw material of steam and gained；The recycling of red mud is carried out as follows：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, hydrazine hydrate, lime and water（Red mud, hydrazine hydrate, the gross mass of lime
Mass ratio with water is 1:10）, the dosage of hydrazine hydrate with mole（mol）Work as gauge, three with contained ferro element conversion in red mud
Aoxidize two iron molal quantitys（mol）The 0.23 of equivalent proportion:1.0, the dosage of lime is the 43% of red mud butt quality, is also added in slurry
Enter assistant reducing agent, dosage is the 60% of hydrazine hydrate quality, and reproducibility heat is carried out under the conditions of 180 DEG C of temperature, pressure 1.003MPa
Chemical causticization reduction reaction, reaction time 4h, after conversion terminates, slurry color switchs to black, and sedimentation is fast；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：Ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite in magnetic separation separation and Extraction reproducibility conversion slurry, water washing cleaning,
Iron ore concentrate, water lotion Returning utilization are obtained, remaining slurry delivers to subsequent processing；
Detection：The iron ore concentrate iron-holder 68.75% of extraction, iron recovery 92.94% in red mud, is recycled as iron-smelting raw material；
（3）Separation carries alkali：Remaining slurry is separated by filtration, filter residue and aqueous slkali is obtained, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtains ca aluminosilicate mineral
35% concentrated base is made in slag, water lotion Returning utilization, aqueous slkali concentration；
Detection；Ca aluminosilicate slag contains alkali（R2O) 0.94%, alkali recovery 92.78%；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：Using ca aluminosilicate mineral slag as the low-grade silicate cementing material raw material of production：Will
Ca aluminosilicate mineral slag adds quality to be mixed equivalent to the fluorgypsum of ca aluminosilicate mineral slag 10.2%, in 1100 DEG C of oxidizing atmospheres
Middle calcination for activation 30min, that is, the matured slag with gelation activity being made, matured slag grinding to 80um tails over 5% powder, directly as
Binder materials substitutes low grade（27.5MPa）Cement system is pressed into shaped brick, and performance and product performance index are suitable, no scum
Phenomenon.
Embodiment 3
From the Bayer process red mud that certain factory is fresh, its butt chemical composition is Fe2O3 34.17%、Al2O3 16.31%、SiO2
7.46%、CaO 18.46%、TiO2 5.29%、K2O 0.08%、Na2O 6.09%、MgO 0.31%、Loss 10.21%；Reduction turns
Agent selects commercially available hydrazine hydrate（Content 60%）；Lime selects commercially available white lime（Product after block ash aquation impurity elimination）；Purification
Agent is diluted to concentration 0.10% from commercially available ClO 2 solution and is used for purification gas and the raw material of steam and gained；By as follows
Step carries out the recycling of red mud：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, hydrazine hydrate, lime and water（Red mud, hydrazine hydrate, the gross mass of lime
Mass ratio with water is 1:9）, the dosage of hydrazine with mole（mol）Work as gauge, three oxidations two with contained ferro element conversion in red mud
Iron molal quantity（mol）Equivalent proportion is 0.6:1.0, the dosage of lime is the 60% of red mud butt quality, in 85 DEG C of temperature, pressure
0.101MPa（Normal pressure）Under the conditions of carry out reproducibility heat chemistry causticization reduction reaction, reaction time 8h, conversion terminate after, slurry face
Color switchs to brownish black, and sedimentation is fast；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：Ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite in magnetic separation separation and Extraction reproducibility conversion slurry, water washing cleaning,
Iron ore concentrate, water lotion Returning utilization are obtained, remaining slurry delivers to subsequent processing；
Detection：The iron ore concentrate iron-holder 70.31% of extraction, iron recovery 91.87% in red mud, be recycled as extracting valuable metal and
The raw material of iron；
（3）Separation carries alkali：Remaining slurry is separated by filtration, filter residue and aqueous slkali is obtained, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtains ca aluminosilicate mineral
Residue, water lotion Returning utilization, aqueous slkali are passed through CO2Soda ash is made in concentration；
Detection；Ca aluminosilicate slag contains alkali（R2O) 0.83%, alkali recovery 94.78%；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：Using ca aluminosilicate mineral slag as Portland cement production raw material, for certain sulphur aluminium
Central laboratory of acid salt cement factory substitutes whole siliceous raw materials and part aluminum raw material, the part of production sulfoaluminate clinker dispensing
Calcareous raw material, handled according to feedback by known calcium sulphoaluminate clinker dispensing with grinding requirement, be calcined 35 minutes, be made through 1380 DEG C
Sulfoaluminate clinker, property indices are normal, alkali content 0.03%.
Embodiment 4
From the Bayer process red mud that certain factory is fresh, its butt chemical composition is Fe2O3 33.17%、Al2O3 18.67%、SiO2
5.97%、CaO 17.85%、TiO2 7.53%、K2O 0.10%、Na2O 5.73%、MgO 0.27%、Loss 9.76%；Reduction conversion
Commercially available hydrazine is selected in agent（Content 98%）；Assistant reducing agent selects commercially available liquefied ammonia and ethylene glycol in mass ratio 1:1；Lime is selected
Commercially available white lime；Cleanser from commercially available ClO 2 solution be diluted to concentration 0.10% be used for purification gas and steam and
The raw material of gained；The recycling of red mud is carried out as follows：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：By slurry made of red mud, hydrazine, lime and water（Red mud, hydrazine hydrate, lime gross mass with
The mass ratio of water is 1:9）, the dosage of hydrazine with mole（mol）Work as gauge, the di-iron trioxide with contained ferro element conversion in red mud
Molal quantity（mol）Equivalent proportion is 0.38:1.0, the dosage of lime is the 9.3% of red mud butt quality, in slurry also added with auxiliary also
Former agent, dosage are the 90% of hydrazine quality, and the reduction of reproducibility heat chemistry causticization is carried out under the conditions of 250 DEG C of temperature, pressure 3.98MPa
Reaction, reaction time 0.5h, after conversion terminates, slurry color switchs to black, and sedimentation is fast；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：Ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite in magnetic separation separation and Extraction reproducibility conversion slurry, water washing cleaning,
Iron ore concentrate, water lotion Returning utilization are obtained, remaining slurry delivers to subsequent processing；
Detection：The iron ore concentrate iron-holder 70.62% of extraction, iron recovery 91.86% in red mud, is recycled as iron-smelting raw material；
（3）Separation carries alkali：Remaining slurry is separated by filtration, filter residue and aqueous slkali is obtained, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtains ca aluminosilicate mineral
Residue, water lotion Returning utilization, aqueous slkali are passed through CO2Soda ash is made in concentration；
Detection；Ca aluminosilicate slag contains alkali（R2O) 0.93%, alkali recovery 91.24%；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：Gained ca aluminosilicate mineral slag A/S 3.13, TiO211.23%, aoxidized as extraction
Aluminium, titanium dioxide, the raw material of white carbon.
Embodiment 5
From the combination method red mud that certain factory is fresh, its butt chemical composition is Fe2O3 8.75%、Al2O3 7.26%、SiO2
23.28%、CaO 40.34%、TiO2 3.63%、K2O 0.41%、Na2O 5.26%、MgO 1.57%、Loss8.59%；Reduction conversion
Commercially available hydrazine is selected in agent（Content 98%）；Lime selects commercially available quick lime；Cleanser is diluted from commercially available ClO 2 solution
It is used for purification gas and the raw material of steam and gained to concentration 0.10%；The recycling of red mud is carried out as follows：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, hydrazine, lime and water（Red mud, hydrazine, the matter of the gross mass of lime and water
Amount is than being 1:8）, the dosage of hydrazine with mole（mol）Work as gauge, with di-iron trioxide molal quantity in red mud（mol）Equivalent proportion is
0.35:1.0, the dosage of quick lime is the 19% of red mud butt quality, is gone back under the conditions of 180 DEG C of temperature, pressure 1.00MPa
Originality heat chemistry causticization reduction reaction, reaction time 2h, after conversion terminates, slurry color switchs to brownish black, and sedimentation is fast；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：Ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite in magnetic separation separation and Extraction reproducibility conversion slurry, water washing cleaning,
Iron ore concentrate, water lotion Returning utilization are obtained, remaining slurry delivers to subsequent processing；
Detection：The iron ore concentrate iron-holder 68.43% of extraction, iron recovery 90.12% in red mud, be recycled as extracting valuable metal and
Iron material；
（3）Separation carries alkali：Remaining slurry is separated by filtration, filter residue and aqueous slkali is obtained, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtains siliceous calcium aluminate ore deposit
Thing residue, water lotion Returning utilization, aqueous slkali are passed through CO2Soda ash is made in concentration；
Detection；Ca aluminosilicate slag contains alkali（R2O) 0.88%, alkali recovery 91.77%；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：Using ca aluminosilicate mineral slag as Portland cement production raw material, for certain cement
Central laboratory of factory substitutes the whole aluminum raw materials and part siliceous raw material, part calcareous raw material of production portland cement clinker dispensing,
Handled according to feedback by known silicic acid calcium clinker dispensing with grinding requirement, be calcined 40 minutes through 1450 DEG C, portland cement clinker is made,
28d compression strength average out to 67.33MPa, other performance index are normal, and alkali content 0.04% is less than national standard 0.06%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of resource utilization method of red mud, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Slurry reproducibility converts：Slurry is made in red mud, reduction transforming agent, lime and water, in temperature 60 C~350 DEG C, pressure
Reproducibility heat chemistry causticization reduction reaction is carried out under the conditions of power 0.1013MPa~4.5MPa, displaces aluminosilicate mineral in red mud
The alkali combined in thing forms strong basicity slurry, and the Iron Oxide Minerals reduction in red mud is converted into four oxygen in strong basicity slurry
Change three-iron, and/or iron contained in red mud is circulated into formation chromium titanium in ferrite lattice with chromium, titanium, vanadium, gallium, synchronous reduce of scandium
The isomorphous Ferrite of vanadium gallium scandium element；
（2）Magnetic separation carries iron：The separation and Extraction step in a manner of magnetic separation（1）Gained reproducibility conversion slurry in ferroso-ferric oxide and
Ferrite, water washing cleaning obtain the iron ore concentrate containing ferroso-ferric oxide and Ferrite, and iron ore concentrate is used as iron-smelting raw material or be used as to divide
The valuable metal and the raw material of iron wherein melted admittedly from extraction, remaining slurry deliver to subsequent processing；
（3）Separation carries alkali：By step（2）Remaining slurry be separated by filtration, obtain filter residue and aqueous slkali, filter residue water washing cleaning, obtain silicon
Calcium aluminate mineral slag, aqueous slkali is by known method concentrated base or soda ash；
（4）Aluminosilicate mineral utilizes：By step（3）Production raw material of the ca aluminosilicate mineral slag of gained as correlation：①
Timber-used raw material is blended as production activity；It is 2. former as the low-grade silicate cementing material of production or anhydrite binder materials
Material；3. cement plant or brickmaking factory are directly supplied as raw material；4. as production aluminum oxide and/or titanium dioxide and/or white carbon
Raw material.
2. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, described red mud
For the waste residue in alkaline process alumina producing.
3. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, it is described
It is hydrazine and/or hydrazine hydrate and/or methyl hydrazine and/or uns-dimethylhydrazine with efficient strong reducing property to reduce transforming agent.
4. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, described reduction
In terms of molar equivalent, the equivalent proportion with the di-iron trioxide molal quantity of contained ferro element conversion in red mud is the dosage of transforming agent
0.1~1.0:1.0.
5. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, it is described
The dosage of lime is the 6~65% of red mud butt weight.
6. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, it is described
In slurry, red mud, reduction transforming agent, the gross mass of lime and the mass ratio of water are 1:1~15.
7. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, during reaction
Between be 0.5h~12h.
8. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, it is additionally added
Quality is in the hydrazine derivate of described reduction transforming agent dosage 30~300%, alcohol ethers compound, ammoniac compounds, ferrous salt
One or more as assisted Reduction transforming agent.
9. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（2）And step（3）
In, water lotion Returning utilization is in step（1）.
10. the resource utilization method of red mud according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step（4）In, 1. conduct
Production activity blends timber-used raw material：Ca aluminosilicate mineral slag is sent into heat treatment kiln in 650 DEG C~1200 DEG C roastings, system
Active blending material, directly supply that cement plant is made to supply cement plant after admixture or grinding, concrete mixing plant makees admixture；
2. as the low-grade silicate cementing material of production or anhydrite binder materials raw material：Ca aluminosilicate mineral slag is added into quality phase
When the waste gypsum in ca aluminosilicate mineral slag 8~90% is sent into heat treatment kiln in 700 DEG C~1200 DEG C oxidisability gas together
Calcination for activation in atmosphere, the matured slag with gelation activity is made, is used for building material directly as binder materials after matured slag grinding.
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