CN109385526B - Method for reducing metal oxidized minerals by using reduction furnace of coke-oven plant - Google Patents

Method for reducing metal oxidized minerals by using reduction furnace of coke-oven plant Download PDF

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CN109385526B
CN109385526B CN201811222607.9A CN201811222607A CN109385526B CN 109385526 B CN109385526 B CN 109385526B CN 201811222607 A CN201811222607 A CN 201811222607A CN 109385526 B CN109385526 B CN 109385526B
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coke
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CN109385526A (en
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李海鸥
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0066Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing metal oxidized minerals by using a reduction furnace of a coke-oven plant, belonging to the technical field of metal reduction. The method for reducing the metal oxidized minerals by using the reduction furnace of the coke-oven plant comprises the steps of mixing, tamping, reducing, cooling, grinding and sorting and the like. The method comprises the steps of mixing the metal oxide minerals with the reducing agent, the catalyst and the binding agent in proportion, then feeding the mixture into a tamping workshop to be fixed and reinforced to be tamped into a wall, carrying out vacuum reduction on the material fed into a carbonization chamber of a coking plant by using a tamping filling wall type wall, pulling the material out of the carbonization chamber after the material is reduced into a product, and feeding the product into a cooling workshop to be cooled to form the product.

Description

Method for reducing metal oxidized minerals by using reduction furnace of coke-oven plant
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal reduction, and particularly relates to a method for reducing metal oxidized minerals by using a reduction furnace of a coke-oven plant.
Background
The existing metal oxide reduction furnaces at home and abroad are common metal oxide reduction furnaces such as a rotary kiln metal reduction furnace, a vertical kiln metal reduction furnace, a tunnel kiln metal reduction furnace, a rotary hearth metal reduction furnace and the like, wherein the rotary kiln operation is divided into gas-based reduction and coal-based reduction, and the gas-based reduction method is high in reduction cost by using natural gas, long in reduction reaction time and small in yield; the coal-based reduction operation is simple, and the requirement of large amount of injected coal powder for environmental protection cannot be met. The shaft furnace is charged into the furnace and is divided into oxidation lump ore and oxidation pellet ore, the material distribution is charged into the furnace by a layer of coal and a layer of oxidation mineral to complete mineral reduction reaction, the operation is simple, but the problem of furnace discharge blockage caused by high temperature is easy to form, and the reduction effect is uneven. The tunnel cellar is put into the cellar by a powder ore briquetting mode, the powder ore is pulverized and pressed into a block shape before the cellar is put into the cellar, the block shape is put into a closed fire-resistant tank, a coal powder reducing agent is distributed beside the fire-resistant tank, the fire-resistant tank is loaded on cellar vehicles and is put into the cellar for reduction, the fire-resistant tank needs to be fixed and replaced, the cost is too high, and the yield is low. The rotary reduction furnace is fed into a rotary table for heating by mixing a powder ore mode and a reducing agent, and is fed into a reduction chamber for reduction reaction when the ore reaches a specific reaction temperature, and the reduction reaction finished material enters a cooling chamber for cooling to prevent the entering air from being oxidized.
The coking chamber of the coking plant is used for coking, coal is tamped into a wall body and is sent into the coking chamber by a wheel vehicle, the coal is heated under the condition of air isolation by the heat transmitted from the combustion chambers at two sides, the generated gaseous product escapes from an ascending pipe at the top end part of the coking chamber, the solid remained in the coking chamber becomes a coke plant product, the furnace doors of two cases of the coking chamber are opened, and coke is piled out by a coke pusher and is sent into a water cooling workshop.
At present, domestic coke-oven plants are shut down and dismantled due to environmental protection problems of plants, and only can reduce emission according to domestic electric furnace smelting or converter smelting in developed countries abroad, and the waste blast furnace ironmaking operation process can not meet domestic steel demand, and the existing reduction cellars can not reach the reduced iron supply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems of high cost, poor effect and the like of metal oxide minerals in the prior art by providing the method for reducing the metal oxide minerals by using the reduction furnace of the coke-oven plant, and has the technical effects of low cost and high efficiency in reducing metals.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a method of reducing a metal-oxide mineral using a coke plant reduction furnace, comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing: mixing the metal oxide minerals, the reducing agent, the catalyst and the binding agent in proportion, and stirring by using a stirrer to obtain a mixed material;
s2: tamping: conveying the mixed material to tamping filling equipment through a belt to tamp the mixed material into a square structural wall;
s3: reduction: conveying the square structural wall tamped in the step S2 into a carbonization chamber by using a wheel vehicle for reduction reaction, controlling the temperature between 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃ for 12-24h, and generating a simple substance metal material;
s4: and (3) cooling: after the reduction reaction is finished, sending the elementary metal material into a cooling workshop for cooling, cooling to a temperature lower than 100 ℃ by adopting a water cooling or nitrogen filling method, and isolating air from entering the inside of the elementary metal material to prevent the reoxidation of the elementary metal material;
s5: grinding and sorting: and grinding the cooled elemental metal materials, and separating by using a magnetic separator, wherein iron substances with magnetism are sucked out, and other metal materials without magnetism are separated.
Preferably, in the step S1, the metal oxide mineral is any one of iron ore fine powder, vanadium-titanium-iron ore fine powder, ferromanganese ore fine powder, nickel-iron ore fine powder, ferrochrome fine powder and zinc-iron ore fine powder.
Preferably, the metal oxide mineral, the reducing agent, the catalyst and the binding agent are mixed in a ratio of 1: (0.08-0.15): (0.01-0.03): (0.01-0.03).
Preferably, the reducing agent is one or more of charcoal, coal powder, coke powder and blue carbon powder, the catalyst is industrial salt, and the binding agent is one or more of starch, resin and industrial glue.
Preferably, in the step S1, the stirring speed of the stirrer is 15-20r/min, and the stirring time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the temperature of the reduction reaction in the step S3 is between 1150-1200 ℃.
Preferably, in step S4, a rotary drum is additionally installed in the cooling workshop, the elemental metal material is hot-loaded into the rotary drum at a high temperature, and cooling water is sprayed outside the rotary drum in a high-density spraying manner to rapidly cool the elemental metal, or nitrogen is injected into the rotary drum to cool the elemental metal.
Preferably, the cooling further comprises cooling by hot pressing.
Preferably, the hot pressing method is that after the oxidized minerals are subjected to reduction reaction, the oxidized minerals are sent into hot pressing equipment at high temperature to be formed into high-density blocks in a sectional hot pressing mode, oxygen in the air cannot enter the high-density blocks in the cooling process to perform oxidation reaction with the elemental metal, and therefore the elemental metal materials are prevented from being oxidized again.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention changes the coking chamber of the coke-oven plant into the reducing furnace for directly reducing the metal mineral on the basis of the prior art, reduces the investment of production equipment at the early stage, optimizes the production process by introducing the prior process production equipment, reduces the production cost, can meet the product demand of the prior electric furnace steel making and converter steel making, reduces the pollution of blast furnace smelting, coke coking, high calcium lime making and the like in the steel making process, directly reduces iron from the coke oven, and meets the international requirements on environment-friendly emission of the steel making technology and steel quality.
(2) According to the invention, metal oxide minerals, a reducing agent, a catalyst and a binding agent are mixed in proportion, and then are sent into a tamping workshop to be fixed and reinforced to be tamped into a square-structure wall, and are subjected to vacuum reduction in a coking chamber of a coking plant by using a tamping filling wall type wall feeding material, and are reduced into a product, and then the product is pulled out of the coking chamber and sent into a cooling workshop to be cooled to form the product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, in the following examples, the method for reducing metal-oxide minerals using a coke-oven plant reduction furnace includes the following steps:
s1: mixing: metal oxide minerals, a reducing agent, a catalyst and a binding agent are mixed according to the proportion of 1: (0.08-0.15): (0.01-0.03): (0.01-0.03), stirring by a stirrer to obtain a mixed material, wherein the stirring speed of the stirrer is 15-20r/min, and the stirring time is 10-30 min;
s2: tamping: conveying the mixed material to tamping filling equipment through a belt to tamp the mixed material into a square structural wall;
s3: reduction: conveying the square structural wall tamped in the step S2 into a carbonization chamber by using a wheel vehicle for reduction reaction, controlling the temperature between 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃ for 12-24h, and generating a simple substance metal material;
s4: and (3) cooling: after the reduction reaction is finished, sending the elementary metal material into a cooling workshop for cooling, additionally arranging a rotary drum in the cooling workshop, carrying out high-temperature hot loading on the elementary metal material into the rotary drum, spraying cooling water outside the rotary drum in a high-density spraying mode to rapidly cool the elementary metal, or injecting nitrogen into the rotary drum, cooling the elementary metal to the temperature lower than 100 ℃, and isolating air from entering the inside of the elementary metal material to prevent the reoxidation of the elementary metal material;
s5: grinding and sorting: and grinding the cooled elemental metal materials, and separating by using a magnetic separator, wherein iron substances with magnetism are sucked out, and other metal materials without magnetism are separated.
The metal oxide mineral in the step S1 is any one of iron ore fine powder, vanadium-titanium-iron ore fine powder, manganese-iron ore fine powder, nickel-iron ore fine powder, ferrochrome fine powder and zinc-iron ore fine powder.
The reducing agent is one or more of charcoal, coal powder, coke powder and blue carbon powder, the catalyst is industrial salt, and the binding agent is one or more of starch, resin and industrial glue.
The cooling further comprises the step of cooling by adopting a hot pressing method, the hot pressing method is that oxidized minerals are sent into hot pressing equipment at high temperature after reduction reaction is completed to be subjected to shape entering and segmented hot pressing to form high-density blocks, and oxygen in the air cannot enter the high-density blocks to perform oxidation reaction with the elemental metal in the cooling process, so that the elemental metal material is prevented from being oxidized again.
Example 1
The method for reducing the metal oxidized minerals by using the reduction furnace of the coke-oven plant comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing: metal oxide minerals, a reducing agent, a catalyst and a binding agent are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 0.08: 0.01: mixing at a ratio of 0.01, stirring with a stirrer at a stirring speed of 20r/min for 10min to obtain a mixture;
s2: tamping: conveying the mixed material to tamping filling equipment through a belt to tamp the mixed material into a square structural wall;
s3: reduction: conveying the square-structure wall tamped in the step S2 into a carbonization chamber by using a wheel vehicle for reduction reaction, and controlling the temperature to be 1150 ℃ for 20 hours to generate a simple substance metal material;
s4: and (3) cooling: after the reduction reaction is finished, sending the elementary metal material into a cooling workshop for cooling, additionally arranging a rotary drum in the cooling workshop, carrying out high-temperature hot loading on the elementary metal material into the rotary drum, spraying cooling water outside the rotary drum in a high-density spraying mode to rapidly cool the elementary metal, or injecting nitrogen into the rotary drum, cooling the elementary metal to the temperature lower than 100 ℃, and isolating air from entering the inside of the elementary metal material to prevent the reoxidation of the elementary metal material;
s5: grinding and sorting: and grinding the cooled elemental metal materials, and separating by using a magnetic separator, wherein iron substances with magnetism are sucked out, and other metal materials without magnetism are separated.
The metal oxide mineral in the step S1 is any one of iron ore fine powder, vanadium-titanium-iron ore fine powder, manganese-iron ore fine powder, nickel-iron ore fine powder, ferrochrome fine powder and zinc-iron ore fine powder.
The reducing agent is charcoal, the catalyst is industrial salt, and the binding agent is industrial glue.
Example 2
The method for reducing the metal oxidized minerals by using the reduction furnace of the coke-oven plant comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing: metal oxide minerals, a reducing agent, a catalyst and a binding agent are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 0.1: 0.02: mixing according to the proportion of 0.02, stirring by a stirrer to obtain a mixed material, wherein the stirring speed of the stirrer is 15r/min, and the stirring time is 30 min;
s2: tamping: conveying the mixed material to tamping filling equipment through a belt to tamp the mixed material into a square structural wall;
s3: reduction: conveying the square structural wall tamped in the step S2 into a carbonization chamber by using a wheel vehicle for reduction reaction, and controlling the temperature to be 1200 ℃ for 12 hours to generate a simple substance metal material;
s4: and (3) cooling: after the reduction reaction is finished, sending the elementary metal material into a cooling workshop for cooling, additionally arranging a rotary drum in the cooling workshop, carrying out high-temperature hot loading on the elementary metal material into the rotary drum, spraying cooling water outside the rotary drum in a high-density spraying mode to rapidly cool the elementary metal, or injecting nitrogen into the rotary drum, cooling the elementary metal to the temperature lower than 100 ℃, and isolating air from entering the inside of the elementary metal material to prevent the reoxidation of the elementary metal material;
s5: grinding and sorting: and grinding the cooled elemental metal materials, and separating by using a magnetic separator, wherein iron substances with magnetism are sucked out, and other metal materials without magnetism are separated.
The metal oxide mineral in the step S1 is any one of iron ore fine powder, vanadium-titanium-iron ore fine powder, manganese-iron ore fine powder, nickel-iron ore fine powder, ferrochrome fine powder and zinc-iron ore fine powder.
The reducing agent is a mixture of charcoal and coal powder, the catalyst is industrial salt, and the binding agent is a mixture of starch and resin.
Description of the principle:
the invention utilizes the carbonization chamber (also called as vacuum reducing furnace in the invention) of the existing coke-oven plant to reduce metal oxidized minerals into elemental metals, mixes the metal oxidized minerals with other material flows, tamps the mixture into a square structure wall, then sends the square structure wall into the carbonization chamber, adjusts the temperature of the carbonization chamber to be between 1100 and 1200 ℃ according to the reduction temperature of the metal oxidized minerals, and generates CO gas by a reducing agent to react with oxygen in the oxidized minerals to form CO2The gas escapes from the ascending pipe at the top end of the carbonization chamber and is then introduced into a gas purification treatment system to be purified into standard-reaching discharge, and the metal oxidized minerals in the carbonization chamber are reduced into simple substance metal materials which are then pushed into a cooling workshop by a coke pusher to be cooled. The invention utilizes the conditions of temperature, equipment, time and the like of the carbonization chamber to reduce the metal oxide minerals.
In the above embodiment, the reducing agent is charcoal, coal powder, coke powder, blue carbon powder and other carbon, the coal produces the largest amount of hydrogen and a small amount of carbon monoxide under the condition of high-temperature dry distillation, and the hydrogen is the strongest reducing agent for hydrogenating minerals, when the hydrogen and oxygen in oxidized minerals react at high temperature to generate water vapor, namely the invention emits zero pollution emission when producing reduced metal oxide materials, a small amount of carbon dioxide gas in the water vapor is discharged from a kiln, and the metal oxide minerals form elemental metals in the process. The catalyst is industrial salt sodium chloride, the catalytic metal oxidation mineral reaction is accelerated at a specific temperature, the reduction time of the oxidation mineral is shortened, and the cost is saved. The binding agent is prepared from starch and polymers (including glue, industrial glue, resin, etc.), and water is added during application to bind the raw materials such as oxidized minerals to prevent the materials from loosening under the conditions of propelling furnace and high temperature.
The mixed material is sent into a tamping filling device to be tamped into a square structural wall body, the tamping material reaches 40-100 tons each time, a movable wheel vehicle is arranged below the wall body, and the tamped material is sent into a coking chamber to be reduced. Compared with the prior art, the method for pressing the materials into balls, drying the materials and then sending the materials into the turntable for reduction has the advantages of saving the process, improving the efficiency, reducing the cost and the like.
The temperature of the reduction reaction in the carbonization chamber is preferably 1150-1200 ℃, and when the temperature in the carbonization chamber reaches the temperature at which the reducing agent generates CO gas, the volatilized gas takes away oxygen in the metal oxide minerals, so that CO is formed2And volatilizing the carbonized chamber, forming the oxidized minerals into simple substance metal products, determining the time of reduction reaction according to the fineness of the oxidized minerals and the composition of the material structure, and taking a small amount of metal materials to detect whether the reaction is complete after the reaction is carried out for a certain time.
The coke cooling system for the discharged coke of the existing coke plant cools the coke in a spray water mode for a cooling workshop when the coke is pulled into the high-temperature state, causes large-scale pollution and influences the environment. According to the invention, when elemental metal is produced in a coking plant, a rotary drum is additionally arranged in the existing cooling workshop in a water cooling mode according to the environmental protection requirement, the elemental metal material is hot-loaded into the rotary drum at a high temperature, and cooling water is sprayed outside the rotary drum in a high-density spraying mode, so that the cooling water can be isolated from contacting the high-temperature material, and the rapid cooling effect is achieved.
The method is characterized in that a nitrogen cooling mode is adopted, no nitrogen cooling mode is adopted for the reduction metal in domestic large-scale production at present, if a water cooling mode is not adopted, nitrogen production equipment is added according to the actual transformation of a coking plant, when the reduction metal material is pulled out of a vacuum reduction cellar, the reduction metal material is directly hot-loaded into a rotary drum, nitrogen is injected into the rotary drum to cool the elemental metal, and the elemental metal material cannot generate oxidation reaction when being cooled to a specific temperature.
The hot-pressing cooling is realized by adopting a hot-charging hot hydraulic press with the pressure of more than 500 kilograms, when the reduced metal material is discharged from the furnace, the reduced metal material enters a hot-pressing bed in a segmented mode, the hot-pressing machine presses the single metal material into a high-density hot-pressing block at high temperature, and air cannot enter the interior of the single metal due to high density, so that the reoxidation of the single metal is prevented.
The reduction rate of the metal oxide minerals reduced into elemental metal reaches more than 90 percent by adopting the method to carry out the reduction reaction of the metal oxide minerals.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for reducing metal oxide minerals by using a reduction furnace of a coke-oven plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing: mixing the metal oxide minerals, the reducing agent, the catalyst and the binding agent in proportion, and stirring by using a stirrer to obtain a mixed material;
s2: tamping: conveying the mixed material to tamping filling equipment through a belt to tamp the mixed material into a square structural wall;
s3: reduction: conveying the square structural wall tamped in the step S2 into a carbonization chamber by using a wheel vehicle for reduction reaction, controlling the temperature between 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃ for 12-24h, and generating a simple substance metal material;
s4: and (3) cooling: after the reduction reaction is finished, sending the elementary metal material into a cooling workshop for cooling, cooling to a temperature lower than 100 ℃ by adopting a water cooling or nitrogen filling method, and isolating air from entering the inside of the elementary metal material to prevent the reoxidation of the elementary metal material;
s5: grinding and sorting: and grinding the cooled elemental metal materials, and separating by using a magnetic separator, wherein iron substances with magnetism are sucked out, and other metal materials without magnetism are separated.
2. The method for reducing a metal oxide mineral using a coke plant reduction furnace according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide mineral in the step S1 is any one of an iron ore fine powder, a vanadium-titanium-iron ore fine powder, a ferromanganese ore fine powder, a nickel-iron ore fine powder, a ferrochrome fine powder, and a zinciferous ore fine powder.
3. The method of reducing a metal oxide mineral using a coke plant reduction furnace of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide mineral, the reducing agent, the catalyst, and the binder are mixed in a ratio of 1: (0.08-0.15): (0.01-0.03): (0.01-0.03).
4. The method for reducing metal-oxidized minerals using a coke plant reduction furnace according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the reducing agent is one or a mixture of two or more of charcoal, pulverized coal, coke powder and blue carbon powder, the catalyst is an industrial salt, and the binder is one or a mixture of two or more of starch, resin and industrial glue.
5. The method for reducing a metal-oxidized mineral using a coke plant reducing furnace according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed of the stirrer in the step S1 is 15 to 20r/min, and the stirring time is 10 to 30 min.
6. The method for reducing a metal-oxidizing mineral using a coke plant reducing furnace as defined in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reduction reaction in the step S3 is between 1150-1200 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a rotary drum is additionally installed in the cooling shop to hot-load the elemental metal material into the rotary drum at a high temperature in step S4, and cooling water is sprayed from the outside of the rotary drum in a high-density spraying manner to rapidly cool the elemental metal, or nitrogen is injected into the rotary drum to cool the elemental metal.
8. The method of reducing a metal-oxidizing mineral using a coke plant reducing furnace of claim 1, wherein the cooling further comprises cooling using a hot press process.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the hot pressing method comprises the step of feeding the oxidized minerals into a hot pressing device at a high temperature after the oxidized minerals are subjected to reduction reaction, and performing sectional hot pressing to form high-density blocks, wherein oxygen in the air cannot enter the high-density blocks to perform oxidation reaction with the elemental metals during the cooling process, so that the elemental metal materials are prevented from being oxidized again.
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CN102808057A (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-05 温向阳 Coal base direct reduction iron process of external heating horizontal channel type furnace
CN103555947A (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-02-05 李海鸥 New technology for melting ilmenite
CN107385197A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-24 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 A kind of resource utilization method of red mud
CN107699698A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-16 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 The method for handling copper ashes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008174623A (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-31 Kobe Steel Ltd Method for producing coke and method for producing pig iron
CN102808057A (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-05 温向阳 Coal base direct reduction iron process of external heating horizontal channel type furnace
CN103555947A (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-02-05 李海鸥 New technology for melting ilmenite
CN107385197A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-24 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 A kind of resource utilization method of red mud
CN107699698A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-16 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 The method for handling copper ashes

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