CN112512862A - 具有燃料电池的电能量系统 - Google Patents

具有燃料电池的电能量系统 Download PDF

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CN112512862A
CN112512862A CN201980052205.5A CN201980052205A CN112512862A CN 112512862 A CN112512862 A CN 112512862A CN 201980052205 A CN201980052205 A CN 201980052205A CN 112512862 A CN112512862 A CN 112512862A
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energy system
converter
fuel cell
battery pack
charger
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M·布罗
M·席德迈尔
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

本发明涉及一种包含燃料电池的电能量系统和一种用于运行机动车的电能量系统的方法。

Description

具有燃料电池的电能量系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含燃料电池的电能量系统和一种用于运行机动车的电能量系统的方法。
背景技术
在移动燃料电池应用、例如燃料电池车辆中，具有高压电路（HV电路）的能量系统通常包括两个蓄能器。通常，燃料电池（BZ）是这两个蓄能器之一，而HV电池组是第二蓄能器。由于燃料电池具有与负载密切相关的电压，所以该燃料电池通常经由直流转换器（DC/DC转换器）与HV电池组耦合。DC/DC转换器使BZ和HV电池组的不同电压相适应。由于燃料电池的绝缘电阻非常小，所以DC/DC转换器常常被实施得具有电流隔离。由此，可以遵守HV电池组一侧的绝缘电阻的法律上所要求且通过标准来规定的极限值。为了确保对与能量系统连接的耗电器、例如BZ车辆的驱动系统的尽可能最佳的电压供应，通常由HV电池组的电路来给这些耗电器供电。
为了可以给HV电池组充电，通常使用交流充电器。该交流充电器通常由整流级或功率因数校正（Power-Factor-Correction，或简称PFC）级和具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器组成。
从DE 10 2014 006 808 A1公知一种具有HV电池组的机动车，该机动车包括车载电网，该车载电网具有用于外部能量供应的连接端，该外部能量供应经由车辆的电流隔离的电压转换器来与该车载电网连接。
从DE 10 2009 007 737 A1得知一种用于机动车的能量转换设备和一种相对应的充电器。该充电器经由电流隔离的电压转换器与车辆车载电网连接并且给电池组充电。
DE 10 2016 218 276 A1公开了一种高压-机动车车载电网，该高压-机动车车载电网包括用于分配电能的控制单元，该电能来自于充电接口并且经由该控制单元被输送给电流隔离的DC/DC转换器，该电流隔离的DC/DC转换器利用经转换的电压来给电池组充电。
单独的充电器造成附加成本，所述附加成本增加了BZ系统和电池组电路的其余组件的成本。还需要针对充电器的附加的结构空间。此外，充电器的最大充电功率对参数设计以及借此对该充电器的成本和体积有重大影响。即必须在高充电功率与高成本或高重量或者较低充电功率与较低成本或较小体积之间做出选择。
发明内容
本发明提出了如下任务：提供至少部分地消除了所描绘的缺点的设备和方法。
按照本发明，该任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的设备以及一种具有权利要求9的特征的方法来被解决。本发明的设计方案和扩展方案从从属权利要求中得到。
本发明的主题是一种用于车辆的能量系统。该能量系统包括：至少一个燃料电池；至少一个HV电池组；和布置在该至少一个燃料电池与该至少一个HV电池组之间的具有电流隔离的直流电压转换器（DC/DC转换器）。在燃料电池与具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器之间连接有交流充电器，该交流充电器仅包含整流器（AC/DC转换器），但是没有包含具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器。
在一个实施方式中，交流充电器的整流器包括功率因数校正滤波器（PFC）。在一个实施方式中，功率因数校正滤波器是无源谐波滤波器。在另一实施方式中，功率因数校正滤波器是有源谐波滤波器。在一个特殊的实施方式中，在有源谐波滤波器的上游是无源电网滤波器。
在一个实施方式中，具有电流隔离的直流转换器是推挽磁通转换器。在另一实施方式中，具有电流隔离的直流转换器是谐振转换器。在另一实施方式中，具有电流隔离的直流转换器是无桥PFC转换器。
为了消除由于充电器所产生的缺点，按照本发明，使用存在于燃料电池与HV电池组电路之间的具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器，以便承担充电功能的部分。在此，尤其是利用以下事实：DC/DC转换器只在行驶运行时具有使BZ与HV电池组之间的电压适配的任务。而只有当车辆静止时才使用充电器。充电器的具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器被除去，由此降低了充电器的复杂性、成本和体积。
由于必须由DC/DC转换器来适配并且被传输到HV电池组电路中的燃料电池功率通常明显超过40kW，所以DC/DC转换器针对相对应的功率被确定参数。因而，也可以实现比常用的交流充电器更高的充电功率。
本发明的主题还是一种用于运行按照本发明的能量系统的方法，其中为了给HV电池组充电，电网电压经由整流器来被整流并且经由布置在燃料电池与HV电池组之间的具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器来被转交给HV电池组。在该方法的一个实施方式中，通过整流器来进行功率因数校正。
按照本发明的能量系统和方法的优点在于微小的构件和操控花费，所述优点使得该能量系统的比在使用常规的交流充电器的情况下成本更低廉的实现方案成为可能。该能量系统的重量和体积小于常规的能量系统。该能量系统还能够实现高充电功率。
本发明的其它优点和设计方案从描述以及随附的附图中得到。
易于理解的是，上文所提到的并且在下文还要阐述的特征不仅能以分别被说明的组合来应用，而且能以其它组合或者单独地来应用，而不脱离本发明的保护范围。
附图说明
本发明依据实施方式在附图中示意性示出并且参考附图进一步予以描述。其中：
图1示出了现有技术的具有充电器和所连接的耗电器的能量系统的示意图；
图2示出了按照本发明的具有充电器和所连接的耗电器的能量系统的实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了现有技术的能量系统10的示意图，该能量系统具有AC充电器14和所连接的耗电器17、18、19。能量系统10包括燃料电池11和HV电池组12，作为能量源。这些能量源经由具有电流隔离的直流转换器13来连接。在DC/DC转换器13与HV电池组12之间连接有交流充电器14。能量系统10的交流充电器14包括：具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器15；和具有功率因数校正（PFC，“Power Factor Correction”）的AC/DC转换器16。与能量系统10连接的是至少一个脉冲逆变器17和至少一个电机18，以及还有其它HV组件19，如燃料电池的辅助设备、12V DC/DC转换器、HV加热器、电空调压缩机等等。
图2示出了按照本发明的具有AC充电器14和所连接的耗电器17、18、19的能量系统10的实施方式的示意图。能量系统10包括燃料电池11和HV电池组12，作为能量源。这些能量源经由具有电流隔离的直流转换器13来连接。在燃料电池11与DC/DC转换器13之间连接有交流充电器14。能量系统10的交流充电器14仅包括：具有功率因数校正（PFC，“PowerFactor Correction”）的AC/DC转换器16。DC/DC转换器13使交流充电器14的输出电压与HV电池组12的电压适配并且将具有HV电池组12的中间电路与电网电流进行电流隔离。由此，在交流充电器14中可以省去自己的具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器15。与能量系统10连接的是至少一个脉冲逆变器17和至少一个电机18，以及还有其它HV组件19，如燃料电池的辅助设备、12V DC/DC转换器、HV加热器、电空调压缩机等等。
附图标记列表
10 能量系统
11 燃料电池（BZ）
12 HV电池组
13 具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器
14 交流充电器
15 具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器
16 具有PFC的AC/DC转换器
17 脉冲逆变器（PWR）
18 电机（EM）
19 其它HV组件

Claims (10)

1.一种用于车辆的能量系统（10），所述能量系统包括：至少一个燃料电池（11）；至少一个HV电池组（12）；和布置在所述至少一个燃料电池（11）与所述至少一个HV电池组（12）之间的具有电流隔离的直流转换器（13）；以及连接在所述燃料电池（11）与所述直流转换器之间的交流充电器（14），所述交流充电器仅包含整流器（16）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能量系统（10），其中所述整流器（16）包括功率因数校正滤波器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的能量系统（10），其中所述功率因数校正滤波器是无源谐波滤波器。
4.根据权利要求2所述的能量系统（10），其中所述功率因数校正滤波器是有源谐波滤波器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的能量系统（10），其中在所述有源谐波滤波器的上游是无源电网滤波器。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的能量系统（10），其中所述直流转换器（13）是推挽磁通转换器。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的能量系统（10），其中所述直流转换器（13）是谐振转换器。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的能量系统（10），其中所述直流转换器（13）是无桥PFC转换器。
9.一种用于运行根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的能量系统（10）的方法，其中为了给所述HV电池组（12）充电，电网电压经由所述整流器（16）来被整流并且经由布置在燃料电池与HV电池组之间的具有电流隔离的DC/DC转换器（13）来被转交给所述HV电池组（12）。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中在所述整流器（16）中进行功率因数校正。
CN201980052205.5A 2018-08-07 2019-07-08 具有燃料电池的电能量系统 Pending CN112512862A (zh)

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