CN112510054A - 影像传感器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

影像传感器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN112510054A
CN112510054A CN201910870948.5A CN201910870948A CN112510054A CN 112510054 A CN112510054 A CN 112510054A CN 201910870948 A CN201910870948 A CN 201910870948A CN 112510054 A CN112510054 A CN 112510054A
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photodiode
wall
memory elements
image sensor
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谢丞聿
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United Microelectronics Corp
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Priority to EP20173828.3A priority patent/EP3792973B1/en
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Abstract

本发明公开一种影像传感器及其制造方法,其中该影像传感器包括一基板。光电二极管形成于所述基板中,在像素区域内。多个存储元件形成于所述基板中,邻近所述光电二极管。多个深沟槽隔离壁穿透所述基板,以隔离所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。电路层设置在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。遮蔽结构设置在所述基板的第二面上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件。材料层设置在所述基板的所述第二面上方。透镜设置在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传到所述光电二极管。

Description

影像传感器及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体制造技术,且特别是关于影像传感器及其制造方法。
背景技术
影像传感器是取得影像的元件,其配合现代科技的数据化的电子产品,在日常生活中有广大的应用。例如在照相机或是摄影机的应用,可以获取数字影像。数字影像一般是由多个图元以阵列方式组合成一个影像。在此所指的影像可以是可见光的影像,或是红外光影像。
影像感应器包含由多个光电二极管(photodiode)所组成的感光阵列,其感光的效果会取决于光电二极管的感光效率。所要感测的光源可以是可见光或是红外光。
要提升感应器的品质,除了光电二极管的元件品质要提升外,其光电二极管也需要避免受相邻的其它元件的互相干扰。另一方面,由光电二极管的感光所转换得到的电信号的储存也要避免被环境干扰。至少前述因素的任其一都会影响所取得的影像的品质。
如何提升影像传感器的整体感光效率的因素在研发设计中是需要考虑与改善。
发明内容
本发明提出影像传感器及其制造方法,至少可以减少光电二极管可以处于相对较佳的隔离空间而减少被干扰,另外在一实施例也可以增加光路径通过光电二极管的次数,提升光的接收量。整体上可以提升影像传感器的感光效率。
在一实施例,本发明提供一种影像传感器,包括一基板。光电二极管形成于所述基板中,在像素区域内。多个存储元件形成于所述基板中,邻近所述光电二极管。多个深沟槽隔离壁穿透所述基板,以隔离所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。电路层设置在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。遮蔽结构设置在所述基板的第二面上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件。材料层设置在所述基板的所述第二面上方。透镜设置在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传到所述光电二极管。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述多个深沟槽隔离壁包括内壁以隔离所述光电二极管以及外壁围绕所述内壁,其中所述多个存储元件是位于所述内壁与所述外壁之间。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述遮蔽结构还包括垂直格状结构,设置在所述内壁的端部上且围绕所述光电二极管。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述电路层包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分转换由所述光电二极管产生的感应信号成为电性信号,所述第二电路部分接收所述电性信号以存储到所述多个存储元件。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述电性信号被引导到所述多个存储元件的单一个,或是全部的所述多个存储元件。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述入射光是可见光或是红外光,如果所述入射光是所述可见光则所述材料层包含彩色滤光层。
在一实施例,本发明还提供一种影像传感器包括基板。光电二极管形成于所述基板中,且在像素区域内。多个存储元件形成于所述基板中,邻近所述光电二极管。多个深沟槽隔离壁穿透所述基板,以隔离所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。电路层设置在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。表面散射图案层形成在所述基板的第二面上,其中所述表面散射图案层含有多个表面凸出结构,向所述基板延伸。遮蔽结构设置在所述的所述表面散射图案层上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件。材料层设置在所述基板的所述第二面上方。透镜设置在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传进所述光电二极管中。
在一实施例,本发明提供一种影像传感器,所述多个深沟槽隔离壁包括内壁以隔离所述光电二极管以及外壁围绕所述内壁,其中所述多个存储元件是位于所述内壁与所述外壁之间。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述遮蔽结构还包括垂直格状结构,设置在所述内壁的端部上且围绕所述光电二极管。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述电路层包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分转换由所述光电二极管产生的感应信号成为电性信号,所述第二电路部分接收所述电性信号以存储到所述多个存储元件。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述电性信号被引导到所述多个存储元件的单一个,或是全部的所述多个存储元件。
在一实施例,对于所述的影像传感器,所述入射光是可见光或是红外光,如果所述入射光是所述可见光则所述材料层包含彩色滤光层。
本发明还提供一种制造影像传感器的方法,包括提供基板。形成多个深沟槽隔离壁穿透所述基板以得到第一隔离区域与第二隔离区域。形成光电二极管在所述基板中且在所述第一隔离区域内。形成多个存储元件在所述基板中且在所述第二隔离区域内。形成电路层在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。形成遮蔽结构在所述基板的所述第二面上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件。形成材料层在所述基板的所述第二面上方。形成透镜在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传到所述光电二极管。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,所述多个深沟槽隔离壁包括内壁以隔离所述光电二极管以及外壁围绕所述内壁,其中所述多个存储元件是位于所述内壁与所述外壁之间。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,所述遮蔽结构还包括垂直格状结构,设置在所述内壁的端部上且围绕所述光电二极管。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,所述电路层包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分转换由所述光电二极管产生的感应信号成为电性信号,所述第二电路部分接收所述电性信号以存储到所述多个存储元件。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,所述电性信号被引导到所述多个存储元件的单一个,或是全部的所述多个存储元件。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,所述入射光是可见光或是红外光,如果所述入射光是所述可见光则所述材料层包含彩色滤光层。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,还包括形成所述遮蔽结构之前形成表面散射图案层在所述基板的所述第二表面上,其中所述表面散射图案层含有多个表面凸出结构,向所述基板延伸。
在一实施例,对于所述制造影像传感器的方法,形成表面散射图案层的所述步骤包括:对所述基板的所述第二表面进行湿式蚀刻,以形成多个凹陷结构;以及形成介电层在所述基板的所述第二表面上,填入所述多个凹陷结构以得到所述表面散射图案层。
附图说明
包含附图以便进一步理解本发明,且附图并入本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。附图说明本发明的实施例,并与描述一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明一实施例的影像传感器的剖面结构示意图;
图2是本发明一实施例的影像传感器的剖面结构示意图;及
图3是本发明一实施例的制造影像传感器的方法示意图。
附图标号说明
10:基板
10a、10b:表面
12:深沟槽隔离壁
12a:内壁
12b:外壁
14、14a、14b:隔离区域
16:光电二极管
18a、18b:存储元件
20:晶体管元件
22:内连线结构
24:内层介电层
26:电路层
28:遮蔽结构
28a:格状结构
30:材料层
32:透镜
具体实施方式
本发明是关于影像传感器的结构及其制造方法。本发明例如采用多个深沟槽隔离壁,可以对光电二极管元件达到光的隔离减少对应光电二极管元件的相邻像素之间的干扰,另外也可以有效隔离存储元件以减少所存储的信号被环境干扰。
以下举一些实施例来说明本发明,但是本发明不限于所举的实施例。
图1是依据本发明一实施例,影像传感器的剖面结构示意图。参阅图1,在基板10中形成有多个深沟槽隔离壁12。深沟槽隔离壁12穿透基板10以得到在中间部位的隔离区域14及在隔离区域14外围的隔离区域14a、14b。基板10的隔离区域14是预定要形成光电二极管16,其也可以视为像素区域。
深沟槽隔离壁12例如包括内壁12a以隔离光电二极管16以及外壁12b围绕内壁12a。多个存储元件18a、18b是位于内壁12a与外壁12b之间。
关于深沟槽隔离壁12的制造,例如先在基板10的一面先形成预定深度的深沟槽隔离壁,其在后续的制造流程中,在基板10的另一面进行研磨而暴露出深沟槽隔离壁12的另一端,如此深沟槽隔离壁12是穿透基板10的结构,其对于一个感应单元(sensing cell)可区分出包含光电二极管16的隔离区域14以及包含多个存储元件18a、18b的隔离区域14a、14b。从剖面结构来看,隔离区域14a、14b是分开的。从上视结构来看,隔离区域14a、14b例如也可以是相连的,其因应透镜的形状环绕中间的隔离区域14。也就是,在一实施例中,外壁12b可以是围绕内壁12a。
在一实施例中,在制造上,深沟槽隔离壁12例如先从基板10的表面10a形成初始的深沟槽隔离壁12在基板10中。另外,所需要的光电二极管16以及存储元件18a、18b例如也可以先形成在基板10中。
完成初始的深沟槽隔离壁12、光电二极管16以及存储元件18a、18b的形成后,在基板10的表面10a上可以制造电路层26。电路层26中例如至少包含晶体管元件20、内连线结构22及内层介电层24。依照半导体制造技术,内层介电层24是在晶体管元件20与内连线结构22所需要辅助支撑的结构。电路层26中的实际电路是依据影像感应器所需要的控制电路来制造。本发明的电路层26不限于所举的实施例或是其它特定的电路。
在一实施例中,电路层26可以包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分包括晶体管20及其相关部件,可以转换由光电二极管16产生的感应信号成为电性信号。第二电路部分包括内连线结构22,接收电性信号以存储到存储元件18a、18b。
在一实施例中,电性信号可以被引导到多个存储元件18a、18b的单一个,或是全部的多个存储元件18a、18b,其取决于存储的控制机制,本发明不限于所举的施例。
在一实施例中,在基板10的另一表面10b可以进行研磨,使得深沟槽隔离壁12的另一端暴露出来,而研磨有可以得到平坦的表面10b。在此在基板10的表面10b的研磨,在一实施例可以在电路层26完成后才进行。在另一实施例中,基板10的表面10b的研磨可以在电路层26完成之前就进行。本发明不限于施行研磨的前后顺序。
在完成研磨工艺后,基板10的表面10b提供平坦面的状态,可供继续制造所需要的多种光学元件。在当前的制造状态下,光电二极管16以及存储元件18a、18b都没有用于遮蔽光的遮蔽结构,其中光电二极管16要接收入射光,其如箭头所示。对于存储元件18a、18b,其在操作上要避免受到环境光的干绕,此干绕可能造成存储信号的变化而产生影像误差。
在一实施例中,遮蔽结构28设置在基板10的表面10b上,在存储元件18a、18b的上方,如此可以覆盖过存储元件18a、18b。隔离空间16a、16b被遮蔽结构28覆盖后与深沟槽隔离壁12可达到侧边与顶部的光遮蔽效果,其所存的电信号可以保持而减少流失。由于光电二极管16需要接收入射光,因此遮蔽结构28没有覆盖在其上方。隔离区域14的侧边是由深沟槽隔离壁12隔离,因此可以相对性有较佳的隔离效果。
遮蔽结构28的材料在一实施例中例如是金属材质。深沟槽隔离壁12例如是介电材料,或是其它可将光反射的材质。另外在一实施例中,遮蔽结构28例如还包括垂直的格状结构28a,其设置在深沟槽隔离壁12的内壁12a的端部上且围绕光电二极管16。
材料层30覆盖过基板10,其中遮蔽结构28也被材料层30覆盖。材料层30可以提供透镜32的设置。在一实施例中,本发明的入射光可以是可见光或是红外光。如果所述入射光是可见光则材料层30例如可以包含对应红光、绿光或蓝光的彩色滤光层。材料层30的结构是依照实际需要而设计,本发明的材料层30不限于所举的实施例。完成材料层30后,透镜32可以设置在材料层30上,以接受入射光而聚集到隔离空间14中,进而进入到光电二极管16。光电二极管16接收光后将接收的光量转换成电性信号,通过电路层26而存储到存储元件18a、18b。在一实施例中,电路层26中可以包含控制元件来决定存储到存储元件18a、18b的方式。
前面描述的影像感应器可以在进一步修改,提升光电二极管16可以接收的光量。图2是依据本发明一实施例,影像传感器的剖面结构示意图。
参阅图2,本实施例的影像感应器与图1所描述的影像感应器是相似,但是在基板的表面10b上增加设置表面散射图案层40,其中表面散射图案层40例如含有多个表面凸出结构,向所基板10延伸。表面散射图案层40会将入射光造成散射,其散射后的光通过深沟槽隔离壁12的内壁12a以及电路层26的元件的金属材质的反射,允许光路径可以多次通过光电二极管16而被吸收,如此可以增加光的吸收量。
在一实施例中,制造表面散射图案层(surface texture pattern layer)的方式例如包括对基板10的表面10b先进行一些程度的湿式蚀刻,而形成多个凹陷结构。接着再形成介电层在基板10的表面10b上,填入多个凹陷结构中而构成向基板10凸出的结构,如此得到表面散射图案层40。本发明形成表面散射图案层的方式不限于所举的实施例,其能够在基板10的表面10b上达到散射入射光的结构以及其对应的形成工艺(process)即可。
以下再举一实施例,从制造的流程来描述本发明的制造方法。图3是依据本发明一实施例,制造影像传感器的方法示意图。
参阅图3,本发明制造影像传感器的方法,包括如步骤S10提供基板。接着,如步骤S12,其形成多个深沟槽隔离壁穿透所述基板以得到第一隔离区域与第二隔离区域。如步骤S14,其形成光电二极管在所述基板中且在所述第一隔离区域内。如步骤S16,其形成多个存储元件在所述基板中且在所述第二隔离区域内。如步骤S18,其形成电路层在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件。如步骤S20,其形成遮蔽结构在所述基板的所述第二面上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件。如步骤S22,其形成材料层在所述基板的所述第二面上方。如步骤S24,其形成透镜在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传到所述光电二极管。
另外要形成如图2的表面散射图案层40,例如包括对基板10的表面10b先进行一些程度的湿式蚀刻,而形成多个凹陷结构。接着再形成介电层在基板10的表面10b上,填入多个凹陷结构中而构成向基板10延伸的凸出结构,如此得到表面散射图案层40。
基于制造工艺的不同选择方式,在一实施例中,表面散射图案层40的这些凸出结构可以是规则或是不规则的椎状结构。
本发明提出影像传感器的结构及其制造方法。本发明例如采用多个深沟槽隔离壁,可以对光电二极管元件达到光隔离减少对应光电二极管元件的相邻像素之间的干扰,另外也可以有效隔离存储元件以减少所存储的信号被环境干扰。表面散射图案层可以增加光的反射路径,增加光电二极管的光接收量。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种影像传感器,其特征在于,包括:
基板;
光电二极管,形成于所述基板中,在像素区域内;
多个存储元件,形成于所述基板中,邻近所述光电二极管;
多个深沟槽隔离壁,穿透所述基板以隔离所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件;
电路层,设置在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件;
遮蔽结构,设置在所述基板的第二面上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件;
材料层,设置在所述基板的所述第二面上方;以及
透镜,设置在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传到所述光电二极管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述多个深沟槽隔离壁包括内壁以隔离所述光电二极管以及外壁围绕所述内壁,其中所述多个存储元件是位于所述内壁与所述外壁之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述遮蔽结构还包括垂直格状结构,设置在所述内壁的端部上且围绕所述光电二极管。
4.根据权利要求1所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述电路层包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分转换由所述光电二极管产生的感应信号成为电性信号,所述第二电路部分接收所述电性信号以存储到所述多个存储元件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述电性信号被引导到所述多个存储元件的单一个,或是全部的所述多个存储元件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述入射光是可见光或是红外光,如果所述入射光是所述可见光则所述材料层包含彩色滤光层。
7.一种影像传感器,其特征在于,包括:
基板;
光电二极管,形成于所述基板中,在像素区域内;
多个存储元件,形成于所述基板中,邻近所述光电二极管;
多个深沟槽隔离壁,穿透所述基板以隔离所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件;
电路层,设置在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件;
表面散射图案层,形成在所述基板的第二面上,其中所述表面散射图案层含有多个表面凸出结构,向所述基板延伸;
遮蔽结构,设置在所述的所述表面散射图案层上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件;
材料层,设置在所述基板的所述第二面上方;以及
透镜,设置在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传进所述光电二极管中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述多个深沟槽隔离壁包括内壁以隔离所述光电二极管以及外壁围绕所述内壁,其中所述多个存储元件是位于所述内壁与所述外壁之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述遮蔽结构还包括垂直格状结构,设置在所述内壁的端部上且围绕所述光电二极管。
10.根据权利要求7所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述电路层包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分转换由所述光电二极管产生的感应信号成为电性信号,所述第二电路部分接收所述电性信号以存储到所述多个存储元件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述电性信号被引导到所述多个存储元件的单一个,或是全部的所述多个存储元件。
12.根据权利要求7所述的影像传感器,其特征在于,所述入射光是可见光或是红外光,如果所述入射光是所述可见光则所述材料层包含彩色滤光层。
13.一种制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,包括:
提供基板;
形成多个深沟槽隔离壁,穿透所述基板以得到第一隔离区域与第二隔离区域;
形成光电二极管在所述基板中,且在所述第一隔离区域内;
形成多个存储元件在所述基板中,且在所述第二隔离区域内;
形成电路层在所述基板的第一面,连接所述光电二极管及所述多个存储元件;
形成遮蔽结构在所述基板的所述第二面上,以遮蔽过所述多个存储元件;
形成材料层在所述基板的所述第二面上方;以及
形成透镜在所述材料层上,用以接收入射光及将所述入射光传到所述光电二极管。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,所述多个深沟槽隔离壁包括内壁以隔离所述光电二极管以及外壁围绕所述内壁,其中所述多个存储元件是位于所述内壁与所述外壁之间。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,所述遮蔽结构还包括垂直格状结构,设置在所述内壁的端部上且围绕所述光电二极管。
16.根据权利要求13所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,所述电路层包括第一电路部分及第二电路部分,所述第一电路部分转换由所述光电二极管产生的感应信号成为电性信号,所述第二电路部分接收所述电性信号以存储到所述多个存储元件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,所述电性信号被引导到所述多个存储元件的单一个,或是全部的所述多个存储元件。
18.根据权利要求17所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,所述入射光是可见光或是红外光,如果所述入射光是所述可见光则所述材料层包含彩色滤光层。
19.根据权利要求13所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,还包括形成所述遮蔽结构之前形成表面散射图案层在所述基板的所述第二表面上,其中所述表面散射图案层含有多个表面凸出结构,向所述基板延伸。
20.根据权利要求19所述的制造影像传感器的方法,其特征在于,形成表面散射图案层的所述步骤包括:
对所述基板的所述第二表面进行湿式蚀刻,以形成多个凹陷结构;以及
形成介电层在所述基板的所述第二表面上,填入所述多个凹陷结构以得到所述表面散射图案层。
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