CN112505090A - Automatic measurement system and method for axial and radial thermal expansion rates of rock sample - Google Patents
Automatic measurement system and method for axial and radial thermal expansion rates of rock sample Download PDFInfo
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- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic measurement system and method for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample, wherein the system comprises a control module and a measurement device; the control system comprises a displacement sensor, a heating device, a displacement transfer rod, a temperature thermocouple, a furnace wall and a top cover; the control module is in signal connection with the displacement sensor, the heating device and the temperature thermocouple and is used for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample; the rock sample is arranged in the middle of the furnace wall, a top cover is arranged above the furnace wall, the heating device is arranged on one side of the furnace wall facing the rock sample, and the temperature thermocouple penetrates through the top cover; the furnace wall is radially provided with a displacement sensor, and the top cover is also longitudinally provided with a displacement sensor; one end of the partial displacement transmission rod is tightly contacted with the rock sample, and the other end of the partial displacement transmission rod penetrates through the heating device to be connected with the displacement sensor through the furnace wall; one end of the other part of the displacement transmission rod is in close contact with the rock sample, and the other end of the displacement transmission rod penetrates through the top cover to be connected with the displacement sensor. The system can be used for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample at different temperatures, and has a simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock thermal expansion detection, and particularly relates to an automatic measurement system and method for axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample.
Background
With the increase of the buried depth, the temperature of the stratum is also continuously increased, and in the construction area of the subway adopting the shield method, the temperature between the cutter head and the rock stratum is extremely high along with the increase of the depth. In practice, geotechnical engineering is continuously involved in the thermosetting coupling problem, and it is very important to consider the change rule of the mechanical property of rock under the action of different temperatures, and the thermal expansion coefficient of rock is an important parameter in the research of the rule.
However, diagenesis is a very complicated process, and the rock is a heterogeneous body formed by gathering a plurality of minerals, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the rock is often shown to be anisotropic. Most of the existing devices for testing the thermal expansion coefficient are not suitable for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of the rock, and some devices adopt a non-contact measuring method and utilize optical signals for measurement, so that the principle is complex; when some instruments are used, two samples are needed for comparison, and the human error is large. In addition, automatic measurement cannot be realized, the measurement efficiency of the thermal expansion coefficient of the rock is reduced to a certain extent, and the waste of manpower is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide an automatic measuring system for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample, which can be used to measure the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample at different temperatures and has a simple design.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an automatic measurement system for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample comprises a control module and a measurement device;
the control system comprises a displacement sensor, a heating device, a displacement transfer rod, a temperature thermocouple, a furnace wall and a top cover; the control module is in signal connection with the displacement sensor, the heating device and the temperature thermocouple and is used for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample;
the rock sample is arranged in the middle of the furnace wall, the top cover is arranged above the furnace wall, the heating device is arranged on one side of the furnace wall facing the rock sample, and the temperature thermocouple penetrates through the top cover;
the displacement sensor is arranged on the furnace wall in the radial direction, and the displacement sensor is also arranged on the top cover in the longitudinal direction;
one end of part of the displacement transmission rod is tightly contacted with the rock sample, and the other end of the displacement transmission rod penetrates through the heating device to be connected with the furnace wall and the displacement sensor; and one end of the other part of the displacement transmission rod is in close contact with the rock sample, and the other end of the displacement transmission rod penetrates through the top cover and is connected with the displacement sensor.
Further, the furnace wall structure further comprises a base, and the furnace wall is detachably arranged on the base.
Further, the displacement sensor is a capacitive grating displacement sensor.
Further, the furnace wall and the roof are connected by bolts.
Further, the displacement sensor comprises a fixing rod, a ruler body, a reading device and a fixing device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fixing device is used for longitudinally fixing the displacement sensor on the furnace wall and/or the top cover through the fixing rod, the ruler body is connected with the displacement transmission rod, and the reading device is converted into numerical information and transmitted to the control module in real time.
Further, the heating device is an evenly distributed heating wire.
Further, the heating device controls temperature rise or temperature fall through the control module.
Further, the control module obtains the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample by the following formula:
wherein alpha isRIs the radial thermal expansion number, R, of the rock sampletIs the radial direction t of the rock sampleiRadial dimension of time, R0Is the radial direction t of the rock sample0Radial dimension of moment of time, αLIs the axial thermal expansion number, L, of the rock sampletIs the axial direction t of the rock sampleiAxial dimension of time, L0Is the axial direction t of the rock sample0The axial dimension at the moment.
In view of the above, the second objective of the present invention is to provide an automatic method for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion coefficients of a rock sample, which can accurately and automatically measure the axial and radial thermal expansion coefficients of the rock sample, and accurately represent the anisotropy of the rock at different temperatures.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an automatic measurement method for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample comprises the following steps:
s1: placing a rock sample to be measured in the middle of a furnace wall, adjusting a displacement transmission rod to enable one end of the displacement transmission rod to be tightly connected with the rock sample in the axial direction and the radial direction, and enabling the other end of the displacement transmission rod to be connected with a displacement sensor;
s2: controlling a heating device to heat up so as to raise the environmental temperature of the rock sample, and recording the axial and radial dimensional changes of the rock sample and the environmental temperature of the corresponding rock sample in real time through a displacement sensor;
s3: and receiving the axial and radial dimensions and the temperature of the rock sample at different moments, and calculating the thermal expansion number of the rock sample along with the change of the axial and radial directions along with time.
Further, the thermal expansion number of the rock sample along the axial direction and the radial direction along the time is obtained by the following formula:
wherein alpha isRIs the radial thermal expansion number, R, of the rock sampletIs the radial direction t of the rock sampleiRadial dimension of time, R0Is the radial direction t of the rock sample0Radial dimension of moment of time, αLIs the axial thermal expansion number, L, of the rock sampletIs the axial direction t of the rock sampleiAxial dimension of time, L0Is the axial direction t of the rock sample0The axial dimension at the moment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides an automatic measurement system and method for the axial and radial thermal expansion coefficients of a rock sample, wherein a measurement device in the system is simple and reasonable in design, convenient to operate and use and strong in measurement timeliness, the system can realize continuous measurement and automatic control, the axial and radial thermal expansion coefficients of the rock sample can be accurately and automatically measured, and the anisotropy of the rock at different temperatures can be accurately represented. Has important application prospect and practical significance and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a general layout of an automated system for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of i-i of the automatic measurement system for axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a top cover of the automated system for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion coefficients of a rock sample according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the displacement sensor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a general layout of an automated system for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample according to the present invention, specifically, the system comprises: comprises a control module 1 and a measuring device; the control module 1 may be a computer, a processor, or other intelligent devices.
The control system 1 comprises a displacement sensor 4, a heating device 5, a displacement transfer rod 6, a temperature thermocouple 7, a furnace wall 11, a top cover 12 and a base 3; the control module 1 is in signal connection with the displacement sensor 4, the heating device 5 and the temperature thermocouple 7 and is used for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample 10;
the rock sample 10 is arranged in the middle of the furnace wall 11, the top cover 12 is arranged above the furnace wall 11, the furnace wall 11 is connected with the top cover 12 through bolts 9, the heating device 5 is arranged on one side of the furnace wall 11, which faces the rock sample 10, and the heating device 5 is an electric heating wire which is uniformly arranged; the temperature thermocouple 7 penetrates through the top cover 12 and is used for measuring the ambient temperature of the rock sample 10; the furnace wall 11 is radially provided with the displacement sensor 4, and the top cover 12 is also longitudinally provided with the displacement sensor 4; the heating device 5 controls the temperature rise or the temperature fall through the control module 1.
One end of a part of displacement transmission rod 6 is tightly contacted with the rock sample 10, and the other end of the part of displacement transmission rod passes through a heating device 5 and is connected with a furnace wall 11 and a displacement sensor 4 for measuring the radial size change of the rock sample 10; one end of the other part of the displacement transmission rod 6 is tightly contacted with the rock sample 10, and the other end of the displacement transmission rod passes through the top cover 12 to be connected with the displacement sensor 4 for measuring the axial size change of the rock sample 10, and the furnace wall 11 is detachably arranged on the base 3 (for example, fixed by screws); the rock specimen in this embodiment can select even shape, like cuboid, cylinder, regular polyhedron etc. be convenient for displacement transfer stick 6 and displacement sensor 4 accuracy, convenience when measuring dimensional change.
In this embodiment, a plurality of displacement sensors 4 for measuring radial dimension changes may be provided, and similarly, a plurality of displacement sensors 4 for measuring axial dimension changes may be provided, and the control system 1 may be connected to the displacement sensors 4 for measuring radial dimension changes or the displacement sensors 4 for measuring axial dimension changes, so that when receiving axial or radial data, an average value of a plurality of axial or radial data may be obtained, thereby improving data accuracy;
in the automatic measurement system for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample in the embodiment, a contact plate 8 can be arranged between a displacement transmission rod 6 which is used for measuring the axial size change and connected with a displacement sensor 4 and the rock sample 10, and the contact plate 8 is tightly contacted with the upper part of the rock sample 10 to transmit the axial displacement of the rock sample 10 to the transmission rod 6;
preferably, when there are a plurality of displacement sensors 4 measuring axial or radial dimensions simultaneously, when the displacement zero time of the blade 402 of the displacement sensor 4 is selected, the sum 2l of the lengths of the two displacement transmission rods 6 is just the distance between the two opposite displacement sensors 4 connected correspondingly;
the displacement sensor 4 in this embodiment is a capacitive grating displacement sensor or other common displacement sensors, such as a linear sensor; referring to fig. 4, the displacement sensor 4 includes a fixing rod 401, a blade 402, a reading device 403, and a fixing device 404; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fixing device 404 is used for longitudinally fixing the displacement sensor 4 on the furnace wall 11 and/or the top cover 12 through the fixing rod 401, the ruler body 402 is connected with the displacement transmission rod 6, and the reading device 403 converts the numerical information into real-time numerical information and transmits the numerical information to the control module 1.
In this embodiment, a control module 1 is connected with a displacement sensor 4, a heating device 5 and a temperature thermocouple 7 through a wired or wireless signal, in fig. 1, the control module 1 sends a heating or cooling instruction to the heating device 5, and the heating device 5 heats or cools, in a specific embodiment, the control module 1 sends a heating instruction to the heating device 5, the heating device 5 heats, the rock sample 10 thermally expands, the displacement sensor 4 displaces according to the rock sample 10, the axial or radial displacement sensor 4 sends a position and dimension change value to the control module 1 in real time, and meanwhile, the temperature thermocouple 7 records the temperature of a heating chamber (i.e., in the environment where the rock 10 is located) formed by a furnace wall 11 at different times;
the control module 1 receives radial or axial dimension data corresponding to different moments, and obtains the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample 10 through the following formulas:
wherein alpha isRIs the radial thermal expansion number, R, of the rock sample 10tIs a radial t of the rock sample 10iRadius of timeDimension, R0Is a radial t of the rock sample 100Radial dimension of moment of time, αLIs the axial thermal expansion number, L, of the rock sample 10tIs a rock sample 10 axial direction tiAxial dimension of time, L0Is a rock sample 10 axial direction t0Axial dimension at the moment;
preferably, R in this embodimenttAnd R0For the conversion of the reading device 403 quantity into numerical information, for example, when the displacement sensor 4 is a capacitive displacement sensor:
wherein R isn0For the nth displacement sensor 4 with respect to the radial direction t of the rock sample0The radial dimension at the moment; rntThe radial dimension of the nth displacement sensor 4 at the radial t moment of the rock sample is shown, n is the number of the displacement sensor 4, and the number of the displacement sensors is 1-18 in the radial direction in the measuring device.
In this embodiment, "α" at different temperatures can also be obtained by the control module 1RT 'and' alphaLT "graph.
Example 2
Based on the automatic measurement system of the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample in embodiment 1, an automatic measurement method of the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample includes the following steps:
s1: placing a rock sample to be measured in the middle of a furnace wall, adjusting the displacement transfer rod to enable one end of the displacement transfer rod to be tightly connected with the rock sample in the axial direction and the radial direction, and enabling the other end of the displacement transfer rod to be connected with a displacement sensor;
in the embodiment, a rock sample to be detected with a proper shape, such as a cuboid, a cylinder, a regular polyhedron and the like, is selected, the rock sample to be detected is placed on the base and positioned in the middle of the furnace wall, a displacement transmission rod with a proper length is selected, one end of the displacement transmission rod is tightly contacted with the rock sample to be detected, and the other end of the displacement transmission rod is connected with a displacement sensor longitudinally arranged on a displacement sensor/top cover longitudinally arranged on the furnace wall;
s2: controlling the heating device to heat up so as to raise the environmental temperature of the rock sample, and recording the axial and radial dimensional changes of the rock sample and the environmental temperature of the corresponding rock sample in real time through the displacement sensor;
in the step, a heating instruction is sent to a heating device through a control system, the heating device heats the heating device to enable the environment temperature of the rock sample to be detected to rise, the rock sample to be detected is subjected to thermal expansion, the position of a displacement transmission rod is changed, the change is transmitted to a displacement sensor, the displacement sensor records the change of the radial displacement and the axial displacement, and the change of the numerical value is sent to the control system; meanwhile, the temperature thermocouple also records the temperature of the environment where the rock to be measured is located in real time, and sends the temperature data to the control system, and the control system receives the temperature data at different moments and the corresponding axial displacement/radial displacement/size change;
s3: and receiving the axial and radial dimensions and temperatures of the rock sample at different moments, and calculating the thermal expansion number of the rock sample along with the axial and radial changes along with time.
After receiving the temperature data at different moments and the corresponding axial and radial displacement/size change, the control system obtains the thermal expansion number of the rock sample along with the change of time in the axial direction and the radial direction through the following formula:
wherein alpha isRIs the radial thermal expansion number, R, of the rock sampletIs radial t of rock sampleiAxial dimension at time, R0Is radial t of rock sample0Radial dimension of moment of time, αLIs the axial thermal expansion number, L, of the rock sampletIs axial t of the rock sampleiAxial dimension of time, L0Is axial t of the rock sample0The axial dimension at the moment.
After the measurement is finished, the control system can also control the heating device to cool, and after the temperature is normal, the rock to be measured is taken out, and the measurement is finished.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic measurement system for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample is characterized by comprising a control module (1) and a measurement device;
the control system (1) comprises a displacement sensor (4), a heating device (5), a displacement transfer rod (6), a temperature thermocouple (7), a furnace wall (11) and a top cover (12); the control module (1) is in signal connection with the displacement sensor (4), the heating device (5) and the temperature thermocouple (7) and is used for measuring the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample (10);
the rock sample (10) is arranged in the middle of the furnace wall (11), the top cover (12) is arranged above the furnace wall (11), the heating device (5) is arranged on one side, facing the rock sample (10), of the furnace wall (11), and the temperature thermocouple (7) penetrates through the top cover (12);
the furnace wall (11) is radially provided with the displacement sensor (4), and the top cover (12) is also longitudinally provided with the displacement sensor (4);
one end of part of the displacement transmission rod (6) is tightly contacted with the rock sample (10), and the other end of the displacement transmission rod penetrates through the heating device (5) and is connected with the displacement sensor (4) through the furnace wall (11); one end of the other part of the displacement transmission rod (6) is in close contact with the rock sample (10), and the other end of the displacement transmission rod penetrates through the top cover (12) and is connected with the displacement sensor (4).
2. A system according to claim 1, further comprising a base (3), wherein the furnace wall (11) is removably arranged on the base (3).
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement sensor (4) is a capacitive-grid displacement sensor.
4. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace wall (11) and the roof (12) are connected by bolts (9).
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement sensor (4) comprises a fixing bar (401), a blade (402), a reading device (403), a fixing device (404); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fixing device (404) is used for longitudinally fixing the displacement sensor (4) on the furnace wall (11) and/or the top cover (12) through the fixing rod (401), the ruler body (402) is connected with the displacement transmission rod (6), and the reading device (403) converts the value into numerical information and transmits the numerical information to the control module (1) in real time.
6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating means (5) are uniformly arranged heating wires.
7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device (5) is controlled to increase or decrease temperature by the control module (1).
8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the control module (1) derives the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of the rock sample (10) by the following formula:
wherein alpha isRIs the radial thermal expansion number, R, of the rock sample (10)tIs radial t of the rock sample (10)iRadial dimension of time, R0Is radial t of the rock sample (10)0Radial dimension of moment of time, αLIs the axial thermal expansion number, L, of the rock sample (10)tIs the axial direction t of the rock sample (10)iAxial dimension of time, L0Is the axial direction t of the rock sample (10)0The axial dimension at the moment.
9. An automatic measurement method for the axial and radial thermal expansion rates of a rock sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: placing a rock sample to be measured in the middle of a furnace wall, adjusting a displacement transmission rod to enable one end of the displacement transmission rod to be tightly connected with the rock sample in the axial direction and the radial direction, and enabling the other end of the displacement transmission rod to be connected with a displacement sensor;
s2: controlling a heating device to heat up so as to raise the environmental temperature of the rock sample, and recording the axial and radial dimensional changes of the rock sample and the environmental temperature of the corresponding rock sample in real time through a displacement sensor;
s3: and receiving the axial and radial dimensions and the temperature of the rock sample at different moments, and calculating the thermal expansion number of the rock sample along with the change of the axial and radial directions along with time.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the number of thermal expansions of the rock sample as a function of time in the axial and radial directions is obtained by the following equation:
wherein alpha isRIs the radial thermal expansion number of the rock sample，RtIs the radial direction t of the rock sampleiRadial dimension of time, R0Is the radial direction t of the rock sample0Radial dimension of moment of time, αLIs the axial thermal expansion number, L, of the rock sampletIs the axial direction t of the rock sampleiAxial dimension of time, L0Is the axial direction t of the rock sample0The axial dimension at the moment.
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