CN112502707A - Full-well-field coal-pillar-free mining method for paste pre-filling replacement of coal pillars - Google Patents
Full-well-field coal-pillar-free mining method for paste pre-filling replacement of coal pillars Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 248
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for paste pre-filling and replacing coal pillars, belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and solves the problems that in the existing coal mining, the coal resource recovery rate is low, and solid wastes in a mining area cannot be internally digested. The invention relates to a full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for replacing coal pillars by pre-filling paste, which comprises the following steps: step 1: determining a full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled replacement coal pillar; step 2: constructing a paste filling system; and step 3: and mining according to the full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled and replaced coal pillars. The mining method provided by the invention is used for designing the pre-filling replacement of the coal pillars (particularly the section coal pillars) in cooperation with the solid waste disposal of the mining area in the mine or the design of the mining area (panel) in the mine, and the mining area solid waste is used for preparing the paste material to pre-fill and mine the coal pillar resources, so that the coal pillar-free mining of the whole mine is realized, and the mining area solid waste can be disposed harmlessly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for paste pre-filling replacement of coal pillars.
Background
Coal gangue and fly ash are main solid wastes produced in mining areas, the yield of coal gangue is nearly 2 hundred million tons every year in China, and the yield of fly ash is nearly 6 hundred million tons. The existing treatment mode of the coal gangue mainly comprises open-air stockpiling and gully burying, occupies resources of a soil-covered area and seriously damages the ecological environment. Therefore, reasonable and effective technical means are urgently needed for comprehensive disposal of the coal mine gangue.
A plurality of coal pillars are generated in the coal mine underground mining process in China, and the recovery rate is low (the recovery rate of mining areas in China is about 85% of a thin coal seam, about 80% of a medium-thickness coal seam and about 75% of a thick coal seam generally). Coal mining in China mainly focuses on medium and thick coal seams, which means that coal pillar loss and mining loss reach more than 20-25%. The coal pillars which can be filled and recovered by using the paste mainly comprise section coal pillars, mountain-climbing protection coal pillars, large roadway coal pillars, corner coal pillars and 'three next to one up' coal pillars, and account for more than 50% of the coal pillars left in the mine. If the filling replacement recovery of the part of the coal resources is considered at the beginning of mine planning design, the extraction rate of the coal resources in China can be improved by at least 5-10 percent.
The existing coal pillar mining technology generally adopts gob-side entry retaining or gob-side entry driving. However, the gob-side entry retaining operation area generally follows the working face, and then the entry retaining operation and the coal mining operation are mutually influenced, so that the coal mining and entry retaining operation efficiency is low. The gob-side entry driving generally needs to be carried out after the top plate is stabilized after the working face extraction is finished, the excavation contradiction is prominent, and the working efficiency is lower.
The whole well field or mining area does not always bring the solid waste resource utilization of the mining area into the early-stage planning at the beginning of the planning and design; or the phenomenon that the ecological environment is seriously damaged by the solid waste in the mining area is caused by the fact that the solid waste in the mining area is recycled by a planning but no reasonable and effective means is provided in the implementation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method for mining a whole well field without coal pillar by pre-filling and replacing the coal pillar with paste, so as to solve the problems of low recovery rate of the coal pillar and incapability of internal digestion of solid wastes in a mining area in the existing coal mining.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for replacing coal pillars by pre-filling paste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining a full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled replacement coal pillar;
step 2: constructing a paste filling system;
and step 3: and mining according to the full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled and replaced coal pillars.
Further, in step 1, the mining scheme comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: planning and estimating the designed coal pillar quantity of a well field, a mining area or a panel area and the quantity of a paste filling coal pillar capable of being mined, and determining the total gangue discharge quantity;
step 1.2: determining whether the solid waste disposal quantity of the well field, the mining area or the panel area and the filling solid waste recycling utilization quantity reach balance or not;
step 1.3: the disposal quantity of the solid waste and the utilization quantity of the filled solid waste resources are balanced, and the full-well-field coal-pillar-free mining scheme design of the paste pre-filled replacement section coal pillar is completed.
Further, in step 1.1, the paste filling extractable coal pillars include industrial square coal pillars, "next-to-upper-three" coal pillars, main roadway coal pillars, sectional coal pillars, cut-to-protect coal pillars, and corner coal pillars.
Further, in step 1.2, the balance determination formula is:
wherein W1-WnYield per solid waste (. eta.) of1-ηnThe amount of the corresponding solid waste used in the filling material (ton/cubic meter), M is the total resource amount of the coal pillar (ton), and M isbFilling unrecoverable coal pillar resource amount and design loss amount (ton) by using paste, wherein gamma is the volume weight (ton/cubic meter) of coal, and S is the roadway hardening engineering amount (cubic meter);
when K <1, the solid waste is insufficient, when K >1, the solid waste amount is excessive, and when K is 1, the solid waste disposal amount and the solid waste utilization amount are balanced.
Further, in step 1.3, the K value approaches to 1 by adjusting the coal pillar design, the hardening amount of the roadway floor, the type of solid waste and the proportion of the filling material.
Further, in the step 2, the paste filling system is a paste production system;
the production steps of the production system comprise processing and crushing the solid waste in the mining area to form particles with the particle size of below 15mm, then proportioning the solid waste, adding an additive and water into the solid waste, stirring to form a paste material, and finally conveying the paste to the underground of a mine through a high-pressure pipeline.
Further, in step 3, the mining comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: tunneling two roadways, namely a first roadway and a second roadway, along the designed stoping roadway on one side of a first working face of the well field, communicating the first roadway with the second roadway to form full-air-pressure ventilation, and setting the first roadway as an air inlet roadway and the second roadway as an air return roadway;
step 3.2: coal resources between the first roadway and the second roadway are mined out, the goaf is filled with solid waste paste, and the first roadway and the second roadway are used as stoping roadways of a first working face;
step 3.3: tunneling two roadways, namely a third roadway and a fourth roadway, along the designed stoping roadway on the other side of the first working face, communicating the third roadway and the fourth roadway to form full-air-pressure ventilation, and setting the fourth roadway as an air return roadway and the third roadway as an air inlet roadway;
step 3.4: mining coal resources between a third roadway and a fourth roadway, filling a goaf by using solid waste paste, taking the third roadway as a stoping roadway of a first working face, and taking the fourth roadway as a cutting hole of the first working face;
step 3.5: the third roadway and the second roadway are communicated to form a full wind pressure ventilation wind path of the gob-side entry retaining; the fourth roadway is communicated with the first roadway to form a full wind pressure ventilation air path of the first working face;
step 3.6: and (5) repeating the step 3.3 to the step 3.5 to finish the preparation of other working faces of the well field.
Further, in step 3, the mining further comprises the following steps:
step 3.7: filling and replacing paste of 'three next upper' coal pillars and well field and mining area corner coal pillars;
step 3.8: and (5) performing paste filling replacement mining on the coal pillars in the main roadway and the coal pillars in the industrial square.
Step 3.9: and (5) carrying out underground roadway bottom plate hardening engineering.
Further, in step 3.1, the distance between the first roadway and the second roadway is the width of the coal pillar of the section.
Further, in step 3.3, after the two roadways are tunneled to the boundary of the mining area, turning to the first roadway and the second roadway, and then tunneling the section of the fourth roadway according to the designed cut section.
Further, in step 3.6, the face is prepared while the remaining faces are prepared and the preparation work is completed.
Further, in steps 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8, the mining of the coal resources such as the section coal pillar, the coal pillar with the next to the top, the well field, the corner coal pillar of the mining area and the like which can be used for replacement mining by using the paste filling technology adopts long-wall fully-mechanized paste filling mining or short-wall jump mining paste filling mining.
Further, the short-wall jump-mining paste filling mining method comprises the following specific steps: when a continuous coal mining machine or a fully mechanized coal mining machine finishes mining a narrow strip with certain length and width, sealing a mined out area at two ends of the formed narrow strip by using a movable isolating device, and filling the mined out area with paste materials; and after one round of mining is finished, returning to the starting point to carry out the next round of mining and filling on the rest coal pillars until all coal resources are mined.
The invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the mining method provided by the invention has the advantages that the solid waste disposal of the mining area is considered at the beginning of the mine design, the pre-filling replacement is cooperated, the solid waste of the mining area is used for preparing the paste material, and the coal pillar resources are pre-filled and mined, so that the coal pillar-free mining of the whole mine is realized.
(2) The mining method of the invention uses the main solid waste coal gangue and the like in the mining area to prepare the paste material, so that the solid waste in the mining area is treated harmlessly and recycled, and the coal mine gangue dump which pollutes the environment is eliminated permanently.
(3) The mining method provided by the invention prepares the solid waste into the paste material by utilizing the gangue and other mining areas, replaces the remaining coal pillars which cannot be mined by utilizing the conventional method underground, and improves the recovery rate of coal resources.
(4) According to the mining method, the section coal pillars are replaced by the paste pre-filling, so that gob-side entry retaining is implemented while the coal pillars are recovered, and the preparation time of a working face is saved.
(5) According to the mining method, the section coal pillars are replaced by pre-filling, so that the gob-side entry retaining operation of the working face and the coal mining operation of the working face are separated in space-time, the mutual influence of the coal mining operation and the entry retaining operation is avoided, and the problem of low working efficiency of the gob-side entry retaining technology is solved.
(6) According to the mining method, the coal pillar is subjected to paste pre-filling replacement mining before large-scale caving mining, so that the problem that mining value is lost because the coal pillar resources cannot construct a production system after caving mining is avoided.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a well field work surface layout of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a first block roadway of a first working surface in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pre-packed replacement of a first section of a coal pillar on a first face according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a second zone roadway of the first working surface in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pre-packed replacement of a coal pillar in a second section of a first working surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a second face section roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a pre-packed replacement for a second face section coal pillar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a process of recovering protective pillars from a building after the pillars are recovered from all the working surface sections according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a process of recovering coal pillars in a main roadway after recovery of coal pillars at all working face sections and building protection coal pillars is completed in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a process for recovering coal pillars in an industrial square after recovery of coal pillars at all working face sections, building protection coal pillars and main roadway coal pillars is completed in the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
a-industrial square coal pillar, B-three next and upper coal pillars, C-large roadway coal pillar, D-section coal pillar, E-cut protection coal pillar, 1-first roadway, 2-second roadway, 3-first working face first section filling body, 4-third roadway, 5-fourth roadway, 6-first working face second section filling body, 7-first working face permanent sealing facility, 8-longwall working face goaf, 9-fifth roadway, 10-sixth roadway, 11-second working face section filling body, 12-second working face permanent sealing, 13-three next and upper coal pillar filling body, 14-large roadway coal pillar filling body, 15-industrial square protection coal pillar filling body, and 16-seventh roadway.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
The invention provides a full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for pre-filling and replacing coal pillars with paste.
One embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 10, specifically illustrates the whole-field pillar-free mining method of the paste pre-packed replacement coal pillar of the present invention by using an embodiment of a working surface of a field, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled replacement coal pillar:
the mining scheme comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: planning and estimating the designed coal pillar quantity and the paste filling extractable coal pillar quantity of a well field, a mining area or a panel area, and determining the total gangue discharge quantity:
in fig. 1, an industrial square coal pillar a, a coal pillar B, a main roadway coal pillar C, a section coal pillar D, a cut-hole protection coal pillar E and a corner coal pillar are all coal pillars which can be extracted by filling the paste of the invention. And judging the gangue content of the coal seam according to the exploration data or the exposure condition of the coal seam, and estimating the total gangue discharge amount (coal gangue) of a well field and a mining area (panel) according to the rock roadway engineering amount designed by a mine or a mining area.
Step 1.2: whether the solid waste disposal quantity of the well field and the mining area (panel) and the filling solid waste recycling quantity reach balance is judged through a solid waste utilization and coal pillar recovery balance judgment formula:
wherein W1-WnThe yield (ton) of each solid waste is that the general mining area solid waste contains coal gangue, fly ash, slag and the like, the fly ash and the slag are from nearby power plants, and the yield is determined according to the yield of the nearby power plants in the mining area; eta1-ηnThe using amount (ton/cubic meter) of the corresponding solid waste in the filling material is determined by a proportioning test; m is the total resource amount (ton) of the coal pillar obtained in well field planning, M isbThe amount of coal pillar resources and the design loss (ton), M-M, which could not be recovered by using the filling technique of this examplebThe paste of the invention is filled with the coal pillar which can be extracted. Gamma is the volume weight of coal (ton/cubic meter); and S is the hardening engineering quantity (cubic meter) of the roadway.
Substituting the numerical values into a solid waste utilization and coal pillar recovery balance judgment formula to calculate the K value. When K <1, the solid waste is insufficient, when K >1, the solid waste amount is excessive, and when K <1, the solid waste disposal amount and the solid waste filling utilization amount reach balance.
Step 1.3: through the optimization design, the solid waste disposal quantity and the filling solid waste recycling quantity are balanced, and the full-well-field coal pillar-free mining scheme design of the paste pre-filling displacement section coal pillar is completed.
The optimization design is that the K value in the step 1.2 approaches to 1 by adjusting the coal pillar design, the roadway bottom plate hardening amount, the solid waste use type and the filling material proportion, so that the solid waste disposal amount and the filling solid waste recycling amount are balanced, and the design of the whole-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filling replacement section coal pillar is completed.
Step 2: constructing a paste filling system:
the paste filling system is a paste production system, and the production steps of the production system comprise processing and crushing mining area solid wastes to form particles with the particle size of below 15mm, weighing and proportioning different types of solid wastes, adding additives and water into the solid wastes, stirring to form a paste material, and finally conveying the paste material to the underground of a mine through pressurization of a plunger pump or the self-weight action of the paste through a high-pressure pipeline.
The solid waste can be divided into coal gangue paste, coal ash paste, furnace slag fly ash paste and coal gangue fly ash paste according to the main raw material composition of the paste. The selection of the paste is determined according to the yield of solid wastes in a mining area. According to the use scene, a proper amount of cement, additives and water are added into the raw materials to prepare the paste with certain strength.
The design of the paste filling system comprehensively considers the solid waste resource utilization in the mining area and the requirements of whole mines, coal pillar recovery in mining areas and roadway bottom plate hardening. The paste filling system has the capability of processing cheap concrete, and the strength of a filling body can be adjusted between 1 MPa and 30 MPa.
And step 3: mining according to the full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of paste pre-filling and replacing the coal pillars:
the mining method of the embodiment is characterized in that the section coal pillars are subjected to replacement mining by adopting a paste filling technology in advance, and gob-side entry retaining is implemented, so that the mutual interference of entry retaining operation and coal mining operation in the conventional gob-side entry retaining process is avoided, and the mining method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: two roadways are tunneled along the design stoping roadway position of first working face one side of the shaft field, are first roadway 1 and second roadway 2 respectively, and first roadway 1 and second roadway 2 of intercommunication form full wind pressure ventilation, set up first roadway 1 and be the air intake roadway, and second roadway 2 is the air return roadway:
the distance between the first roadway 1 and the second roadway 2 is the width of the section coal pillar D; after the tunnel is tunneled to a mining area boundary, the first tunnel 1 and the second tunnel 2 are communicated to form full wind pressure ventilation, or the first tunnel 1 and the second tunnel 2 are communicated in a segmented mode to form full wind pressure ventilation section by section, the first tunnel 1 is set to be an air inlet tunnel, and the second tunnel 2 is set to be an air return tunnel.
Step 3.2: coal resources between the first roadway 1 and the second roadway 2 are mined out, solid waste paste is used for filling a goaf, and the first roadway and the second roadway are used as stoping roadways of a first working face:
and (3) mining coal of the section coal pillars formed between the first roadway 1 and the second roadway 2, and filling the goaf by using the solid waste paste until the section coal pillars are completely mined and filled. At this time, the first tunnel 1 is kept as an air inlet tunnel, and the second tunnel 2 is kept as an air return tunnel.
Step 3.3: two roadways are tunneled along the design stoping roadway position of first working face opposite side, are third roadway 4 and fourth roadway 5 respectively, and intercommunication third roadway 4 and fourth roadway 5 form full wind pressure ventilation, set up fourth roadway 5 and be the return airway, and third roadway 4 is the air inlet airway:
tunneling two roadways between two adjacent working faces, wherein the distance between the two roadways is the width of a coal pillar in a design section; after the two roadways are tunneled to the boundary of the mining area, the roadways turn to the first roadway 1 and the second roadway 2, at the moment, the section of the fourth roadway 5 is tunneled according to the designed open-off section, and the section of the third roadway 4 is unchanged. And then, after the coal mine is excavated to the design position of the first working face mining roadway, the third roadway 4 and the fourth roadway 5 are communicated to form full-air-pressure ventilation, the fourth roadway 5 is set to be an air return roadway, and the third roadway 4 is an air inlet roadway.
Step 3.4: coal resources between the third roadway 4 and the fourth roadway 5 are mined out, the goaf is filled with solid waste paste, the third roadway 4 is used as a stoping roadway of the first working face, and the fourth roadway 5 is used as a cutting hole of the first working face:
and (3) mining coal of the section coal pillars formed between the third roadway 4 and the fourth roadway 5, and filling the goaf by using the solid waste paste until the section coal pillars are completely mined and filled. And keeping the third roadway 4 as an air inlet roadway and the fourth roadway 5 as an air return roadway.
Step 3.5: the third roadway 4 is communicated with the second roadway 2 to form a full wind pressure ventilation wind path of the gob-side entry retaining; the intercommunication fourth tunnel 5 and first tunnel 1 form the full wind pressure ventilation wind path of first working face:
after the two section coal pillars of the first working face are completely filled and replaced, the third roadway 4 and the second roadway 2 are communicated, and the fourth roadway 5 and the first roadway 1 are communicated. The fourth roadway 5 and the first roadway 1 form first working face full wind pressure ventilation to finish first working face preparation work; the third roadway 4 and the second roadway 2 form a gob-side entry retaining ventilation system.
Step 3.6: and (5) repeating the step 3.3 to the step 3.5 to finish the preparation of other working faces of the well field:
in this step, the second lane 2 and the seventh lane 16 are always kept as the total return airway of the gob-side entry retaining, so that full wind pressure ventilation is maintained for the gob-side lanes formed after filling the coal pillars of the replacement section.
And simultaneously preparing other working faces and synchronously mining the working faces with the prepared work, wherein on one hand, coal gangue generated in the mining process can be prepared into paste for pre-filling and replacing subsequent coal pillars, and on the other hand, the mining efficiency is improved.
Step 3.7: and (3) carrying out paste filling replacement mining on the coal pillars on the three next to upper sides and the corner coal pillars of the well field and the mining area:
and (3) when the stoping meets 'three next to one upper' coal pillars, well fields and corner coal of mining areas, performing long-wall fully-mechanized mining paste filling mining or short-wall jump mining paste filling mining by using the paste filling system constructed in the step (2).
The longwall fully mechanized mining process is widely applied to coal mining, in the embodiment, paste filling and longwall fully mechanized mining are combined to form longwall fully mechanized mining paste filling mining, and the method comprises the following specific steps: : the matching and spatial arrangement relationship of the filling working face bracket, the coal mining machine and the scraper conveyor is the same as that of a common fully mechanized mining working face; the different points are the bracket, the goaf treatment mode and the arrangement of filling pipelines. When the paste filling working face is pushed forward by one filling step pitch, the back and two ends of the support are required to be isolated along the coal wall direction of the working face, a newly generated goaf behind the coal face forms a closed isolation space (the goaf is a region to be filled), then all the space to be filled in the isolation wall is filled with paste materials, and after the filled paste materials are condensed and solidified to reach the designed early strength, next cycle filling coal mining is carried out.
The longwall fully-mechanized mining needs to arrange a fully-mechanized mining face, has poor adaptability to irregular coal pillars or long and narrow coal pillars, and needs to wait for the coagulation and solidification of paste materials filled in the previous round to reach the designed early strength between the next cycle filling and coal mining, so that the mining efficiency is low.
Further, in this embodiment, for irregular coal pillars or long and narrow coal pillars, a short-wall jump mining paste filling method is adopted for mining, and the concrete steps are as follows: when a continuous coal mining machine or a fully mechanized coal mining machine finishes mining a narrow strip with proper length and width, two ends of the formed narrow strip are sealed by movable isolation devices, and then the mined goaf is filled with paste materials. And after one round of mining is finished, returning to the starting point to carry out the next round of mining and filling on the rest coal pillars until all coal resources are mined.
Compared with the existing long-wall fully-mechanized mining method, the short-wall jump mining paste filling method can adapt to irregular coal pillars, and in the mining process, the coal mining space is separated from the filling space, so that coal mining and filling cannot be interfered, and the mining efficiency is high.
Step 3.8: carrying out paste filling replacement mining on the main roadway coal pillars and the industrial square coal pillars:
when the whole well field except the roadway coal pillars and the industrial square coal pillars is completely mined without coal pillars, the roadway coal pillars and the industrial square coal pillars are mined. The coal pillars of the main roadway and the coal pillars of the industrial square adopt long-wall fully-mechanized mining paste filling recovery or short-wall jump mining paste filling recovery. Finally, the full-well field coal pillar-free exploitation of the mine area solid waste disposal cooperated with the pre-filling of the displacement section coal pillars is realized.
Step 3.9: and (5) carrying out underground roadway bottom plate hardening engineering.
In the process of exploiting the well field, when concrete engineering needs to be constructed underground, the built paste filling system is comprehensively utilized, and the prepared paste is conveyed underground to carry out underground roadway bottom plate hardening engineering and other underground concrete engineering.
In summary, according to the full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for paste pre-filling and replacing the coal pillars provided by the embodiment of the invention, the paste materials are prepared by using the main solid waste coal gangue and the like in the mining area, so that the solid waste in the mining area is treated harmlessly, the resource is utilized, and the coal mine gangue hills polluting the environment are eliminated permanently; the mining method provided by the invention prepares the solid waste into the paste material by utilizing the gangue and other mining areas, replaces the remaining coal pillars which cannot be mined by utilizing the conventional method underground, and improves the recovery rate of coal resources.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A full-well field coal pillar-free mining method for replacing coal pillars by pre-filling paste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining a full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled replacement coal pillar;
step 2: constructing a paste filling system;
and step 3: and mining according to the full-well field coal pillar-free mining scheme of the paste pre-filled and replaced coal pillars.
2. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling the paste body to replace the coal pillar according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the mining scheme comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: planning and estimating the designed coal pillar quantity of a well field, a mining area or a panel area and the quantity of a paste filling coal pillar capable of being mined, and determining the total gangue discharge quantity;
step 1.2: judging whether the solid waste disposal quantity of the well field, the mining area or the panel area and the filling solid waste recycling quantity reach balance or not;
step 1.3: the disposal quantity of the solid waste and the utilization quantity of the filled solid waste resources are balanced, and the full-well-field coal-pillar-free mining scheme design of the paste pre-filled replacement section coal pillar is completed.
3. The method for mining the whole-well field without the coal pillars by pre-filling and replacing the coal pillars with the paste according to claim 2, wherein the extractable coal pillars for filling the paste in step 1.1 comprise an industrial square coal pillar (A), a 'three-next-upper' coal pillar (B), a main roadway coal pillar (C), a section coal pillar (D), a cut-hole protective coal pillar (E) and a corner coal pillar.
4. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling and replacing the coal pillar with the paste according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1.2, the judgment formula of the balance is as follows:
wherein W1-WnThe yield per ton of solid waste is1-ηnThe amount of the corresponding solid wastes in the filling material is ton/cubic meter, M is the total resource amount of the coal pillar, ton and MbFilling unrecoverable coal pillar resource amount and design loss amount by using paste, wherein gamma is the volume weight of coal and ton/cubic meter, and S is the tunnel hardening engineering amount and cubic meter;
when K <1, the solid waste is insufficient, when K >1, the solid waste amount is excessive, and when K is 1, the solid waste disposal amount and the solid waste utilization amount are balanced.
5. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling and replacing the coal pillar with the paste according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1.3, the K value is close to 1 by adjusting the design of the coal pillar, the hardening amount of the roadway floor, the type of solid waste and the proportion of filling materials.
6. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling and replacing the coal pillar with the paste according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, the paste filling system is a paste production system;
the production steps of the production system comprise processing and crushing the solid waste in the mining area to form particles with the particle size of below 15mm, then proportioning the solid waste, adding an additive and water into the solid waste, stirring to form a paste material, and finally conveying the paste to the underground of a mine through a high-pressure pipeline.
7. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling the paste body to replace the coal pillar according to claim 6, wherein in the step 3, the mining comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: tunneling two roadways, namely a first roadway (1) and a second roadway (2), along the designed stoping roadway on one side of a first working face of the well field, communicating the first roadway (1) and the second roadway (2) to form full-wind-pressure ventilation, and setting the first roadway (1) as an air inlet roadway and the second roadway (2) as an air return roadway;
step 3.2: coal resources between the first roadway (1) and the second roadway (2) are mined, solid waste paste is used for filling a goaf, and the first roadway (1) and the second roadway (2) are used as stoping roadways of a first working surface;
step 3.3: tunneling two roadways, namely a third roadway (4) and a fourth roadway (5) along the designed stoping roadway on the other side of the first working face, communicating the third roadway (4) and the fourth roadway (5) to form full-air-pressure ventilation, setting the fourth roadway (5) as an air return roadway, and setting the third roadway (4) as an air inlet roadway;
step 3.4: coal resources between a third roadway (4) and a fourth roadway (5) are mined, solid waste paste is used for filling a goaf, the third roadway (4) is used as a stoping roadway of a first working surface, and the fourth roadway (5) is used as a cutting hole of the first working surface;
step 3.5: the third roadway (4) is communicated with the second roadway (2) to form a full wind pressure ventilation air path of the gob-side entry retaining; the fourth roadway (5) is communicated with the first roadway (1) to form a full wind pressure ventilation air path of the first working surface;
step 3.6: and (5) repeating the step 3.3 to the step 3.5 to finish the preparation of other working faces of the well field.
8. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling the paste body to replace the coal pillar according to claim 7, wherein in the step 3, the mining further comprises the following steps:
step 3.7: carrying out paste filling replacement mining on the 'three next upper' coal pillars (B) and the corner coal pillars of the well field and the mining area;
step 3.8: carrying out paste filling replacement mining on the main roadway coal pillars (C) and the industrial square coal pillars (A);
step 3.9: and (5) carrying out underground roadway bottom plate hardening engineering.
9. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillar by pre-filling the paste body to replace the coal pillar according to the claim 7, wherein in the step 3.1, the distance between the first roadway (1) and the second roadway (2) is the width of the coal pillar section (D).
10. The method for mining the whole well field without the coal pillars by pre-filling and replacing the coal pillars with the paste according to claim 7, wherein in step 3.3, after two roadways are tunneled to the boundary of a mining area, the roadways turn to the first roadway (1) and the second roadway (2), and at the moment, the section of the fourth roadway (5) is tunneled according to the designed cut-hole section.
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Denomination of invention: A method of full mining without coal pillars using paste pre filling to replace coal pillars Granted publication date: 20230228 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Xuzhou Copper Mt branch Pledgor: XUZHOU CUMT BACKFILL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024320000014 |
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