CN103590830B - Open pit and underground space-time synchronous mining method for multiple-ore body - Google Patents
Open pit and underground space-time synchronous mining method for multiple-ore body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open pit and underground space-time synchronous mining method for a multiple-ore body. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: marking the demarcation line of the ore bodies at the shallow and deep positions so as to divide the multiple-ore body into a shallow-position ore body and a deep-position ore body according to an economical and reasonable stripping ratio; delineating the demarcation line of an open-pit mining protection zone according to a moveable angle (7) determined by underground mining by taking the largest demarcation ring of the open-pit mining as a protection line, wherein the deep-position ore body in the protection zone is a filling-process mining zone section (9) and the deep-position ore body outside the protection zone is a caving-process mining zone section (10); filling the waste stone stripped in open pit back to a waste stone back filled region (14) in a rubber belt conveying manner and carrying out cemented filling on the dead zone of the filling-process mining zone section (9) with tailings so as to form a tailings cemented filling region (11). According to the method, the technological characteristics of different mining manners such as open-pit mining, filling-process milling and caving-process mining are organically combined, so that the open-pit, underground space-time synchronous, environment-friendly and efficient mining of the multiple-ore body can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mining technique, especially relate to outdoor, the underground Synchronization mining method of many ore bodies, can be widely used in composing the mine of depositing dispersion, complicated many ore bodies outdoor underground large scale mining.
Background technology
The ore bodies of China's metal mine more than 80% deposits dispersion, complexity, exploitation scale is less, the demand of national economy to mineral resources cannot be met, therefore according to China's metal mine occurrence characteristics of the orebody, making full use of mineral resources, effectively improve mine capacity, realize solid waste source and to reduce discharging and environment is reconstructed into main target, adopt that Multi sectional is exploited simultaneously, multiple mining methods not only urgent but also crucial with, outdoor underground space-time synchronous production technique.
The mining type in existing mineral deposit has three kinds: (1) adopts strip mining transformation separately; (2) underground mining is adopted separately; (3) combined surface and underground mining.
But above three kinds of mining types deposit dispersion to composing, complicated many ore bodies large scale mining obviously lacks specific aim and compliance, are mainly manifested in following 2 points:
(1) three kinds of mining types more than do not take into full account the effective supporting role to surrounding rock stability after cut and fill, filling method process dead zone or the backfill of subsidence area barren rock, cannot realize that mine is outdoor, underground, Multi sectional extensive Synchronization mining.
(2) when adopting separately strip mining transformation, the dead zone that underground mining cannot be utilized to be formed or subsidence area waste discharge and inevitably form a large amount of waste-rock yard; During independent employing underground mining, very easily cause permanent loss to composing the superficial part ore body depositing dispersion; During combined surface and underground mining, be only limitted to ore body relatively far apart and the ore body of mutually having no effect.The common issue that three kinds of mining types exist is that mine production rate is little, environmental disruption greatly, do not consider mutual coordination and the environment of mining area reconstruct of different mining methods.
" chemical industry mineral and processing " the 4th phase in 2009 delivered " current situation that domestic and international open air trestle is exploited " one literary composition point out: after having an opencast mining of continuous deepening, these mines progressively finally turn to underground mining by strip mining transformation to underground mining transition comprehensively, require the mine of open air trestle exploitation, when carrying out the design of open air trestle exploitation, to front (outdoor), (underground) phase exploits and should unify comprehensive planning afterwards, the Development system in strip mining transformation later stage should consider the utilization of underground passage, simultaneously when to underground mining transition, underground mining also should utilize the favorable factors such as opencast correlation engineering and facility as far as possible, strip mining transformation is made to be transitioned into underground mining reposefully, and make mine output and economic benefit keep stable.And point out further: the mine of open air trestle exploitation, the productive life in whole mine generally will through the transitional period of strip mining transformation phase, Combined underground and opencast mining and underground mining phase three phases.But this article does not consider effective supporting role to surrounding rock stability after cut and fill, filling method process dead zone or the backfill of subsidence area barren rock yet, cannot realize that mine is outdoor, underground, Multi sectional extensive Synchronization mining.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention be exactly for prior art exist the problems referred to above, provide a kind of for China's occurrence characteristics of the orebody, make full use of mineral resources, effectively improve mine capacity, fully in conjunction with mining technology feature, realize source reduce discharging and environment reconstruct many ore bodies outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the many ore bodies of the present invention outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method realizes with step by the following technical programs:
A kind of many ore bodies outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method, is characterized in that realizing with step by the following technical programs:
1) by the mode of economical well spacing, delimit superficial part and deep orebody line of demarcation, many ore bodies are divided into superficial part ore body and deep orebody, delineation open pit boundary line, superficial part ore body on open pit boundary line is surface mineable part, adopt outdoor mode to exploit, deep orebody adopts ground under type exploitation.
2) with opencast maximum boundary circle for protective wire, the traveling angle determined by underground mining delineation strip mining transformation boundary line, urban conservation area; Deep orebody in urban conservation area is cut and fill section, adopts cut and fill; Deep orebody outside urban conservation area is Mining by caving method section, adopts Mining by caving method.
The size of described traveling angle should be determined according to the specific ore and rock condition in different mine, and span is 55 ° ~ 70 °.
3) mode of induction caving is adopted to make the Caving Method with Large Space goaf periphery of Mining by caving method section by arranging deep hole induction collapse of roof, earth's surface is caused to form Collapse Pit, form roof collapse district and barren rock back filled region, then by adhesive tape mode of movement, the barren rock of outdoor stripping is backfilled to barren rock back filled region, backfill barren rock can guarantee that Mining by caving method section has the covering layer of adequate thickness, can play again the effect of deformation controlling for rock surrounding gateways.
Barren rock backfill amount is:
（1），
In formula:
the barren rock volume that can backfill in-subsidence area, ten thousand m
3,
-underground Caving Method with Large Space section production capacity, ten thousand t,
-ore proportion, t/ m
3.
4) tailings is adopted to carry out consolidated fill to the dead zone of cut and fill section, form tailing cemented filling district, adopt tailings to carry out consolidated fill, effectively control rock deformation on the one hand, guarantee not affect strip mining transformation safety, effectively can reduce tailings discharge on the other hand.Cemented Filling amasss and is:
（2），
In formula:
-underground filling method section production capacity, ten thousand t,
-tailing-filled volume, ten thousand m
3,
-ore proportion, t/ m
3.
Have the following advantages after the many ore bodies of the present invention outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method adopts above technical scheme:
1. the process characteristic of different mining mode has been taken into full account, different mining methods and harmonic extraction technology is adopted by each section, by strip mining transformation, underground mining, source reduces discharging and environment reconstruct is considered as a whole, using Caving Method with Large Space exploiting field Collapse Pit as outdoor stripping rock refuse dump, beneficiation tailing is used as filling method stope filling material, deads and do not go out hole and be transported to goaf, achieves the space-time synchronous exploitation of many ore bodies outdoor underground, safe working and lasting exploit;
2. the present invention breaches conventional outdoor underground concurrent exploitation or the thinking of open air trestle exploitation, take into full account the supporting role to country rock after barnyard consolidated fill or waste fill process, adopt induction caving roof rock mass and barren rock backfill subsidence area, both ensure that overburden cover, controlled Rock movement range, and efficiently solved again tail and give up and store up occupation of land and the problem of contaminated environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the inventive method divides deep orebody and superficial part ore body;
Fig. 2 is the division figure of the inventive method to strip mining transformation section, cut and fill section and Mining by caving method section.
Fig. 3 is the method figure that the inventive method is reconstructed outdoor underground environment.
Reference numeral is: 1-many ore bodies; 2-surface mineable part; 3-open pit boundary line; 4-superficial part and deep orebody line of demarcation; 5-superficial part ore body; 6-deep orebody; 7-traveling angle; 8-strip mining transformation boundary line, urban conservation area; 9-cut and fill section; 10-Mining by caving method section; 11-tailing cemented filling district; 12-Caving Method with Large Space goaf; 13-roof collapse district; 14-barren rock back filled region.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the many ore bodies of the present invention outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method is described in further details.
In the present embodiment, many ore bodies outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method has carried out industrial field at elder brother's steel Dahongshan iron ore.The inventive method is as shown in Figure 1 found out the schematic diagram that deep orebody and superficial part ore body divide, the many ore bodies of the present invention outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method, first press economical well spacing and delimit superficial part and deep orebody line of demarcation 4, with superficial part and deep orebody line of demarcation 4, many ore bodies 1 are divided into superficial part ore body 5 and deep orebody 6, superficial part ore body adopts outdoor mode to exploit, namely determine surface mineable part 2, then draw a circle to approve open pit boundary line 3.
The division figure of the inventive method as shown in Figure 2 to strip mining transformation section, cut and fill section and Mining by caving method section finds out; the many ore bodies of the present invention outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method; traveling angle 7 is chosen by theory analysis and analogy method; by this traveling angle 7 delineation strip mining transformation boundary line, urban conservation area 8, be divided into cut and fill section 9 and Mining by caving method section 10 by deep orebody 6.
The method figure that the inventive method is as shown in Figure 3 reconstructed outdoor underground environment, the many ore bodies of the present invention outdoor underground space-time synchronous exploitation method, tailings is done casting resin and be fills up to tailing cemented filling district 11, at Caving Method with Large Space goaf 12 periphery by arranging deep hole induction collapse of roof, namely form roof collapse district 13 and barren rock back filled region 14, the rock of outdoor stripping is backfilled to barren rock back filled region.
Beneficiation tailing as outdoor mining junkyard, is used as filling method stope filling material by the Collapse Pit that built by induction caving by the present invention, has both decreased tail and useless has stored up expropriation of land, achieves environment and reconstruct, and controlled again Rock movement range, ensure that open slope safety.Adopt method of the present invention, at the mining system that elder brother's steel Dahongshan iron ore formation shallow open-cut surface mining 3,800,000 t/a, deep orebody filling mining district upward horizontal slice filling method 1,500,000 t/a, deep orebody avalanche mining area sublevel caving method without sill pillar 4,500,000 t/a are integrated in one.
Claims (2)
1. the outdoor underground of ore body more than a space-time synchronous exploitation method, is characterized in that realizing with step by the following technical programs:
1) by the mode of economical well spacing, delimit superficial part and deep orebody line of demarcation (4), many ore bodies (1) are divided into superficial part ore body (5) and deep orebody (6), delineation open pit boundary line (3), superficial part ore body (5) on open pit boundary line (3) is surface mineable part (2), adopt outdoor mode to exploit, deep orebody (6) adopts ground under type exploitation;
2) with opencast maximum boundary circle for protective wire, the traveling angle (7) determined by underground mining delineation strip mining transformation boundary line, urban conservation area (8); Deep orebody (6) in urban conservation area is cut and fill section (9), adopts cut and fill; Deep orebody (6) outside urban conservation area is Mining by caving method section (10), adopts Mining by caving method;
3) mode of induction caving is adopted to make Caving Method with Large Space goaf (12) periphery of Mining by caving method section (10) by arranging deep hole induction collapse of roof, earth's surface is caused to form Collapse Pit, form roof collapse district (13) and barren rock back filled region (14), then by adhesive tape mode of movement, the barren rock of outdoor stripping is backfilled to barren rock back filled region (14), barren rock backfill amount is:
（1），
In formula:
the barren rock volume that can backfill in-subsidence area, ten thousand m
3,
-underground Caving Method with Large Space section production capacity, ten thousand t,
-ore proportion, t/ m
3;
4) adopt tailings to carry out consolidated fill to the dead zone of cut and fill section (9), form tailing cemented filling district (11), Cemented Filling amasss and is:
（2），
In formula:
-underground filling method section production capacity, ten thousand t,
-tailing-filled volume, ten thousand m
3,
-ore proportion, t/ m
3.
2. the outdoor underground of many ore bodies as claimed in claim 1 space-time synchronous exploitation method, is characterized in that: the size of described traveling angle (7) should be determined according to the specific ore and rock condition in different mine, and span is 55 ° ~ 70 °.
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| CN110094205A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-06 | 唐山三友矿山有限公司 | A kind of control method improving limestone exploitation quality |
| CN110529118B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2020-08-25 | 兰州有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Method for treating abandoned open-pit basin of mine by long-distance pipeline conveying mortar |
| CN110735639B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-02-19 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Open pit backfilling method after mining by open pit to underground caving method |
| CN112907023B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2024-03-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Numerical simulation method for converting phosphorite pit into underground mining |
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