EP0213223A1 - A method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining - Google Patents
A method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0213223A1 EP0213223A1 EP85110763A EP85110763A EP0213223A1 EP 0213223 A1 EP0213223 A1 EP 0213223A1 EP 85110763 A EP85110763 A EP 85110763A EP 85110763 A EP85110763 A EP 85110763A EP 0213223 A1 EP0213223 A1 EP 0213223A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mining
- holes
- filling
- drilling
- basic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical class [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/34—Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining.
- each mining causes degradation of the natural environment, in the form of gangue dumps, washing tanks in which postfloatation wastes deposit, as well as settling tanks of silty impurities coming from the hydraulic filling.
- Every year the quantity of solid impurities produced in the result of mining works in hard coal -, ores-, iron-, salt- and other useful mineral mines, increases.
- Superficial protection categories for particular objects under which or within the reach of which mining is carried out impose the mining system.
- the coal mining there are two basic methods thereof, i.e. with the roof-fall or with the filling. The roof-fall system of the lining is applied only when the surface does not require special protection.
- the object of the invention is to work out a method of mining the deposits, which would enable permanent control of deformation of the surface, depending on the requirements.
- the present invention solves the problem unknown in the hitherto existing mining practice and science, namely, it enables carrying out the roof-fall mining in any place and site, utilizing for this aim the zone of deflections of rock masses over the field being mined in an vertical distance determined by lithology of rocks over the heading and holes drilled from the surface in areas whose sides are approximately equal to the length of the front of the wall being mined, into which solid impurities with water are forced.
- Skew or vertical holes are drilled from the surface ahead of the mining fronts, so that after passing of the fronts it is possible to start forcing in impurities such as silty parts, postfilling parts, profloatation sludges, ground stone, etc.
- Impurities with water are forced by means of pressure pumps.
- holes are cased with steel tubes, and from the top a holder tube is mounted in the hole.
- the active part of the hole, through wich solid impurities are forced in, is provided with a perforated tube or the said part is not cased, if geological formations are of a considerable strength.
- the amount of forced-in solid impurities present on the surface depends on the mined colume.
- Forcing of filling materials is carried out through conduits and frequency thereof as well as time of continuous forcing-in depend on the time of subsidence of the rock mass strata and the dimensions of the void formed or of delamination. Filling the formed voids or delaminations enables permanent control of deformation of the surface, and thus roof-fall-or filling mining under objects requiring protection.
- Each hole may be utilized for mining of one or more beds of a useful mineral. Then, the hole, after filling the volume of the area resulting from one bed, is not liquidated but is left for mining of the next bed. In the said area the whole of the surface of the bed or beds planned for mining is divided into areas having sides approximately equal to the length of fronts of the wall.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Mining method with the application of waste materials as filling medium which, enables roof-fall mining under a surface requiring protection. Surfaces of mining beds are divided into areas whose sides are approximately equal to the length of fronts of wall headings, and then in points of intersection of diagonals of the said areas vertical or skew holes are drilled for forcing in impurities with water into voids or delaminations formed in the rock mass, at the vertical distance determined by lithology of rocks and distribution of the horizontal component of stresses.
Description
- The subject of the invention is a method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining.
- At the present time mining of deposits of useful minerals, especially with the roff-fall lining system, brings about considerable deformations of the ground surface. The range of the influence of the surface being deformed depends on the thickness and the dimensions of the deposit being mined. Abatement of the influence on the ground surface is necessary in the case of mining under objects requiring protection, such as industrial plants, bridges, overpasses, housing estates, etc. In such cases mining should be carried out with the application of the hydraulic filling which considerably raises the mining cost, e.g. in the case of mining coal beds, and creates also additional hindrances in carrying out the unterground mining. Besides, each mining causes degradation of the natural environment, in the form of gangue dumps, washing tanks in which postfloatation wastes deposit, as well as settling tanks of silty impurities coming from the hydraulic filling. Every year the quantity of solid impurities produced in the result of mining works in hard coal -, ores-, iron-, salt- and other useful mineral mines, increases. Superficial protection categories for particular objects under which or within the reach of which mining is carried out impose the mining system. In the coal mining there are two basic methods thereof, i.e. with the roof-fall or with the filling. The roof-fall system of the lining is applied only when the surface does not require special protection. Those skilled in the art know also the method of preventing the deformation of mine heading lying above the coal bed being mined by means of the roof-fall system according to the Polish patent specification no. 124391, consisting in hydraulic gapping of the rock mass between the protected heading and the mining, following the progress of the mining front below the higher level, and then filling the gap thus formed, for example, with the solution of bentonite or the solution of bentonite silt whose composition is selected so that solid parts are slowly isolated as time passes, to form a hydraulic cushion in the rock mass.
- The object of the invention is to work out a method of mining the deposits, which would enable permanent control of deformation of the surface, depending on the requirements. The present invention solves the problem unknown in the hitherto existing mining practice and science, namely, it enables carrying out the roof-fall mining in any place and site, utilizing for this aim the zone of deflections of rock masses over the field being mined in an vertical distance determined by lithology of rocks over the heading and holes drilled from the surface in areas whose sides are approximately equal to the length of the front of the wall being mined, into which solid impurities with water are forced. Skew or vertical holes are drilled from the surface ahead of the mining fronts, so that after passing of the fronts it is possible to start forcing in impurities such as silty parts, postfilling parts, profloatation sludges, ground stone, etc. Impurities with water are forced by means of pressure pumps. On the other hand, holes are cased with steel tubes, and from the top a holder tube is mounted in the hole. The active part of the hole, through wich solid impurities are forced in, is provided with a perforated tube or the said part is not cased, if geological formations are of a considerable strength. The amount of forced-in solid impurities present on the surface depends on the mined colume. Forcing in the solid impurities which can form a so-called pulp will bring about filling the produced void over the mining area in the section close to the section of the semiellipsoid. The area of the semiellipsoid is a little bigger from the area of the mined field, and its size results from the angle of the range of the mining influence. Solid impurities (wastes) form the material filling the semiellipsoid. The filling material may be other solid impurities degrading the environment, as well as various chemical compounds meeting the requirements of filling materials. Forcing of filling materials is carried out through conduits and frequency thereof as well as time of continuous forcing-in depend on the time of subsidence of the rock mass strata and the dimensions of the void formed or of delamination. Filling the formed voids or delaminations enables permanent control of deformation of the surface, and thus roof-fall-or filling mining under objects requiring protection. Each hole may be utilized for mining of one or more beds of a useful mineral. Then, the hole, after filling the volume of the area resulting from one bed, is not liquidated but is left for mining of the next bed. In the said area the whole of the surface of the bed or beds planned for mining is divided into areas having sides approximately equal to the length of fronts of the wall. In the said areas in the points of intersection of the diagonal holes are drilled for forcing-in the filling materials. In the case when the filling should be equal to the volume of the hydraulic filling, additional holes should be drilled between areas. Forcing in the filling medium to the rock mass over the mining enables to eliminate the expensive hydraulic filling and to improve considerably safety of traffic in mines, as well as to limit further degradation of the natural environment. The invention enables carrying out roof-fall mining under objects requiring protection of the surface.
Claims (7)
1. Method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining, with the application of waste materials as the filling medium, characterized in that ahead of the mining front from the surface holes are drilled to the strata subject to deflection in the result of mining and then after passing of mining through the said holes filling media are fed, which form in the overlaying strata a filling in the form of an irregular semiellipsoid whose size is directly proportional to the function of pressure in a hole or holes.
2. Method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining, with the application of waste materials as the filling medium, characterized in that holes are arranged over mining areas so that the filling material covers to the sufficient degree the whole mining area, whereby to each hole an area is subordinated, preferably the square whose side is equal to the length of the mine heading front, depending on the depth of the kind of rocks overlaying the mining.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that free unfilled spaces between irregular semiellipsoids are liquidated by drilling in these places additional filling holes having the depth of the basic holes.
4. Method according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at drilling the basic and the auxiliary holes full tube-casing is applied.
5. Method according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at drilling the basic and the auxiliary holes tube casing with the lower part perforated is applied.
6. Method according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at drilling the basic and the auxiliary holes only partial tube casing is applied.
7. Method according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that as the filling material spreads in the rock mass a solid additional supplementary filling is applied till complete subsidence of the rock mass.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85110763A EP0213223A1 (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1985-08-27 | A method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85110763A EP0213223A1 (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1985-08-27 | A method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0213223A1 true EP0213223A1 (en) | 1987-03-11 |
Family
ID=8193710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85110763A Ceased EP0213223A1 (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1985-08-27 | A method of mining the deposits with maintenance of permanent control of deformation of the surface, especially within the range of the influence of mining |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0213223A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103452586A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Gob expanding material prestressed filling method and prestressed filling material |
| CN103590830A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-02-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Open pit and underground space-time synchronous mining method for multiple-ore body |
| CN104863591A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-08-26 | 东北大学 | Method for controlling caving and earth surface filling treatment in goaf |
| CN114215592A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Green mining method for filling gangue and ultrahigh water material on longwall working face |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2627169A (en) * | 1946-07-15 | 1953-02-03 | Koehring Co | Method of producing stabilization in soil masses |
| US3343369A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1967-09-26 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method of inhibiting earth subsidence over a cavity |
| GB1402687A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1975-08-13 | Josephson E M | Prevention of disturbances in the tectonics of the earth crust |
| AU519159B2 (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-11-12 | Mitsui Sekitan Kogyo K.K. | Longwall mining method |
| US4307978A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1981-12-29 | Mitsui Sekitan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of relieving earth pressure in a working area |
| US4437520A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1984-03-20 | In Situ Technology, Inc. | Method for minimizing subsidence effects during production of coal in situ |
-
1985
- 1985-08-27 EP EP85110763A patent/EP0213223A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2627169A (en) * | 1946-07-15 | 1953-02-03 | Koehring Co | Method of producing stabilization in soil masses |
| US3343369A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1967-09-26 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method of inhibiting earth subsidence over a cavity |
| GB1402687A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1975-08-13 | Josephson E M | Prevention of disturbances in the tectonics of the earth crust |
| US4307978A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1981-12-29 | Mitsui Sekitan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of relieving earth pressure in a working area |
| AU519159B2 (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-11-12 | Mitsui Sekitan Kogyo K.K. | Longwall mining method |
| US4437520A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1984-03-20 | In Situ Technology, Inc. | Method for minimizing subsidence effects during production of coal in situ |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103452586A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Gob expanding material prestressed filling method and prestressed filling material |
| CN103590830A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-02-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Open pit and underground space-time synchronous mining method for multiple-ore body |
| CN103590830B (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-01 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Open pit and underground space-time synchronous mining method for multiple-ore body |
| CN104863591A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-08-26 | 东北大学 | Method for controlling caving and earth surface filling treatment in goaf |
| CN114215592A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Green mining method for filling gangue and ultrahigh water material on longwall working face |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19860807 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: KACZMARCZYK, ANDRZEJ Inventor name: KUREK, EUGENIUSZ Inventor name: MUSIOL, STEFAN Inventor name: GIL, HENRYK Inventor name: GOLASZEWSKI, ANTONI Inventor name: KOZIOL, ERWIN Inventor name: BUREK, MARIAN |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19870623 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 19881015 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GIL, HENRYK Inventor name: GOLASZEWSKI, ANTONI Inventor name: KOZIOL, ERWIN Inventor name: BUREK, MARIAN Inventor name: MUSIOL, STEFAN Inventor name: KUREK, EUGENIUSZ Inventor name: KACZMARCZYK, ANDRZEJ |