CN112500159B - 高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112500159B CN112500159B CN202011579435.8A CN202011579435A CN112500159B CN 112500159 B CN112500159 B CN 112500159B CN 202011579435 A CN202011579435 A CN 202011579435A CN 112500159 B CN112500159 B CN 112500159B
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- salt
- black zirconia
- oxide
- solution
- nitrate
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PCMOZDDGXKIOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] PCMOZDDGXKIOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KVZUCOGWKYOPID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1OC KVZUCOGWKYOPID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical group Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical group Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical group Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical group Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 9
- RVRKDGLTBFWQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium zirconium Chemical compound [Y][Zr][Y] RVRKDGLTBFWQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 6
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009982 effect on human Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63416—Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B35/634—Polymers
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,属于氧化锆陶瓷技术领域。本发明采用水解聚合法、微波晶化工艺调控粉体成分的均匀性,提供了一种高烧结活性、分散均匀的黑色氧化锆陶瓷粉体,然后将黑色氧化锆陶瓷粉体进行预成型,再将预成型的陶瓷坯体进行高温烧结得到高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料。本发明制得的产品中不含有毒的铬元素,化学成分均匀,黑色色度呈色稳定,具有高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性,产品一致性和稳定性好,适合应用于多种领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,属于氧化锆陶瓷技术领域。
背景技术
钇稳定氧化锆陶瓷是一种高技术陶瓷,具有高强度、高硬度、高韧性和优异的耐磨性等特性,广泛应用于各行业中,比如光通讯、氧传感器、医用陶瓷柱塞、轴封轴承、砂磨机陶瓷配件、陶瓷模具等,甚至可用于人工关节当中。近年来,随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对装饰品的需求也在不断提高,黑色氧化锆陶瓷因其密度比金属小、机械性能优异,抛光后有视觉上的美感,而且对人类的皮肤没有过敏性负作用,受到人们的广泛关注,已被应用于陶瓷手机背板、智能穿戴产品、高端装饰材料等新兴行业中。
目前,黑色氧化锆陶瓷多采用机械混合法,直接将黑色色料与纳米氧化锆粉体进行物理球磨,然后再进行高温烧结,其工艺简单,易于工业化生产,但不能解决黑色色料与纳米氧化锆粉体化学成分的均匀性,容易造成制品的黑色色度不够均匀稳定,而且所加黑色色料容易与氧化钇发生反应,造成黑色氧化锆材料T+C相含量降低,从而导致陶瓷开裂。另外,行业内普遍采用氧化铬为原料来制备黑色氧化锆陶瓷,但氧化铬是一种有毒的化学物质,容易对环境及人体健康造成危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其制得的产品中不含有毒的铬元素,化学成分均匀,黑色色度呈色稳定,具有高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性,产品一致性和稳定性好,适合应用于多种领域。
本发明所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将锆盐、钇盐等溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加入有机酸制备凝胶溶液,加入无机碱中和;
其中:步骤(1)中所述的锆盐溶液为氧氯化锆或硫酸锆,优选为氧氯化锆;钇盐溶液为三氯化钇或硝酸钇,优选为硝酸钇;
步骤(1)中所述的在高压反应釜混合,加热温度为140~160℃,保温时间为4~6小时。
步骤(1)中所述的有机酸为质量分数20%的2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸或柠檬酸溶液,有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇等氧化物总质量的10%。
步骤(1)中所述的无机碱为氨水或氢氧化钠溶液中的一种或两种,优选为氢氧化钠溶液,pH值控制在8-11。
锆盐溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,钇盐溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为92-97:3-8。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入铝盐、镧盐、锌盐、钛盐、钴盐、铁盐、锰盐溶液中的至少一种,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。
步骤(2)中所述的铝盐为三氯化铝、硝酸铝或硫酸铝,优选为硝酸铝;镧盐为三氯化镧或硝酸镧,优选为硝酸镧;锌盐为氯化锌或硝酸锌,优选为硝酸锌;钛盐为氯化钛或硝酸钛,优选为硝酸钛;钴盐为氯化钴或硝酸钴,优选为硝酸钴;铁盐为氯化铁或硝酸铁,优选为硝酸铁。锰盐为氯化锰或硝酸锰,优选为硝酸锰。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁:氧化锰的质量比为81-96:3-7:0-2:0-1:0-1:0-1:0-2:1-3:0-2。
步骤(2)中所述的pH值控制在9~10。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体;
步骤(3)中所述的微波晶化预处理,处理温度为400~800℃,保温时间为1~3小时;
(4)将黑色氧化锆前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,得到煅烧料。
步骤(4)中所述的置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为900~1200℃,煅烧时间为2~6小时;
步骤(4)中所述的煅烧料:T+C相≥85%。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂采用砂磨机研磨得到浆料,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4-12小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。
步骤(5)中所述的加水、分散剂进行研磨,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.3%~1%,研磨至d50=0.2~0.5μm。
步骤(5)中所述的向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂,粘合剂为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、丙三醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素或丙烯酸树脂溶液中的一种或多种,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液或硬脂酸水溶液中的一种或两种;以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=94.7-99.6:0.3-5:0.1-0.3。
步骤(5)中所述的喷雾造粒,喷干塔入口温度为190-240℃,出口温度为90-120℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉的平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.1~1.5g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯;
步骤(6)中的干压成型压力为60~150MPa,等静压成型压力为150~300MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯进行高温烧结,然后进行修整加工,最终得到黑色氧化锆材料。
步骤(7)中的高温烧结的烧结温度为1350℃~1450℃,保温时间为1~4h,升温速率为1~5℃/min。
本发明制得的黑色氧化锆材料不含有毒的铬元素,化学成分均匀,黑色色度呈色稳定,L值小于3,具有高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性,产品一致性和稳定性好,适合应用于手机背板、表壳、表带、推剪片及高端装饰等领域。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的黑色氧化锆包覆物,是以锆盐、钇盐、黑色色剂为原料,经水解聚合法、均相沉淀法制得。水解聚合法易得到化学成分均匀的粉体材料;均相沉淀法是在分散好的氧化锆前驱体基体悬浮液中,通过调节pH值使黑色色剂的沉淀反应在基体的表面进行,从而形成具有核壳结构的复合粉体,可实现黑色剂离子对钇锆颗粒的均匀混合和包覆,与机械球磨法相比,能有效解决颗粒间的团聚问题,缩短了烧结过程中反应的传质距离,并有效减少了黑色剂离子的高温挥发,更易于制备出成色均匀稳定的黑色氧化锆材料。
(2)所用原料的化学成分中不含有毒的铬元素,避免了对环境及人体健康的危害。化学成分中的氧化铝晶粒能在氧化锆晶粒间均匀的分布,能有效防止黑色氧化锆材料的低温降解,增加氧化锆陶瓷的物理性能;而在晶粒生长过程中,La3+对晶界的钉扎产生显著的晶粒细化效应,La2O3的添加既能防止黑色氧化锆材料的低温降解,还能有效提高黑色氧化锆材料的光泽度。
(3)本发明采用微波晶化预处理方式,调控粉体的T+C晶相含量,经微波晶化处理后,易得到高分散、高四方相含量的黑色氧化锆粉体材料,氧化锆粉体的T+C相≥85%,即使氧化钇稳定剂的含量比较低,制备的黑色氧化锆材料也不发生开裂问题,可以得到良好抗老化性的黑色氧化锆材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但其并不限制本发明的实施。
实施例中用到的所有原料若无特殊说明,均为市售。
实施例1
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为140℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在8。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为96.22:3.78。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸镧、硝酸锌、硝酸钛、硝酸钴、硝酸铁混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在9,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,烧成后化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁的质量比为92.52:3.63:0.85:0.15:0.25:0.15:1.2:1.25。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,处理温度为500℃,保温时间为1小时,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体。
(4)将微波晶化预处理的前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=90%、比表面积=8.7m2/g、d50=1.8μm。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.4μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=99.4:0.5:0.1。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为220℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为200MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1380±20℃,保温时间为1小时,升温速率为90℃/h,即可制得高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
采用日本Rigaku D/max-2400型X-射线衍射仪对粉体进行物相分析;
采用WDW-50万能材料试验机测试氧化锆材料的抗弯强度;
采用单边V切口梁(SEVNB)法测试材料的断裂韧性;
将直径为15mm、厚度为1mm的圆片在140℃水浴锅中放置48小时,用Rigaku D/max-2400型X-射线衍射仪测试老化后材料T+C晶相含量。
采用分光光度计测量材料的色度L、a、b值,L表示颜色的明度,坐标a和b表达了颜色的色彩特征,a坐标表示红绿轴,红色为正值,绿色为负值,b坐标表示黄蓝轴,黄色为正值,蓝色为负值。
实施例2
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为140℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在11。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为96.22:3.78。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸锌、硝酸钛、硝酸钴、硝酸铁混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在10,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,烧结后化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁的质量比为92.52:3.63:0.85:0.25:0.15:1:1.6。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,处理温度为500℃,保温时间为1小时,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体。
(4)将微波晶化预处理的前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=87%、比表面积=8.7m2/g、d50=1.8μm。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.45μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的氧化锆黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为聚乙二醇和丙烯酸树脂的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=96.3:3.5:0.2。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为200℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为200MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1350℃~1400℃,保温时间为1~4小时,升温速率为90~180℃/h,即可制得高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
样品性能测试方法与实施例1中的一致。
实施例3
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为150℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在10。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为96.22:3.78。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸镧、硝酸锰混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在10,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锰的质量比为92.52:3.63:1:0.15:2.7。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,处理温度为600℃,保温时间为1小时,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体。
(4)将微波晶化预处理的前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1160℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=90%、比表面积=5.2m2/g、d50=2.5μm。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.3μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为丙三醇和聚乙烯醇的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=98.6:1.2:0.2。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为220℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为200MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1360±10℃,保温时间为4小时,升温速率为180℃/h,即可制得高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
样品性能测试方法与实施例1中的一致。
实施例4
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为140℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在9。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为96.22:3.78。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸镧、硝酸钛、硝酸钴、硝酸铁、硝酸锰混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在10,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,烧结后化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁:氧化锰的质量比为92.52:3.63:1:0.15:0.15:1.2::1.35。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,处理温度为500℃,保温时间为1小时,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体。
(4)将微波晶化预处理的前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1050℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=89%、比表面积=12m2/g、d50=1.8μm。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.45μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=98.3:1.5:0.2。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为220℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为200MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1380±10℃,保温时间为2小时,升温速率为120℃/h,即可制得高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
样品性能测试方法与实施例1中的一致。
实施例5
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为140℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在8。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为95.51:4.49。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸镧、硝酸锌、硝酸钛、硝酸钴、硝酸铁混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在9,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,烧结后化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁的质量比为91.84:4.31:0.85:0.15:0.25:0.15:1.2:1.25。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,处理温度为500℃,保温时间为1小时,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体。
(4)将微波晶化预处理的前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=95%、比表面积=8.7m2/g、d50=1.8μm。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.42μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=99.4:0.5:0.1。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为220℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为200MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1370±20℃,保温时间为2小时,升温速率为150℃/h,即可制得高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
样品性能测试方法与实施例1中的一致。
实施例6
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为160℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在10。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为94.64:5.36。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸镧、硝酸锌、硝酸钛、硝酸钴、硝酸铁混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在9,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,烧结后化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁的质量比为91:5.15:0.85:0.15:0.25:0.15:1.2:1.25。
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,处理温度为700℃,保温时间为1小时,得到高分散、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆前驱体。
(4)将微波晶化预处理的前驱体置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=98%、比表面积=8.7m2/g、d50=1.8μm。
(5)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.4μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=99.4:0.5:0.1。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为220℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为300MPa。
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1360±10℃,保温时间为4小时,升温速率为170℃/h,即可制得高黑度、高韧性、高强度和良好抗老化性黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
样品性能测试方法与实施例1中的一致。
对比例1
(1)将氧氯化锆、三氯化钇溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加热温度为140℃,保温时间为4小时,加入柠檬酸溶液制备凝胶溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液中和,pH值控制在10。其中,氧氯化锆溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,三氯化钇溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计。化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为96.22:3.78。有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇两种氧化物总质量的10%。
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加PEG2000分散剂搅拌,然后加入硝酸铝、硝酸镧、硝酸锌、硝酸钴、硝酸铁混合溶液,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,pH值控制在9~10,使沉淀物包裹在钇锆前驱体的颗粒表面,形成包覆物。其中,化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁的质量比为92.52:3.63:0.85:0.15:0.25:0.15:1.2:1.25。
(3)将包覆物在100℃干燥箱中烘干12小时,然后置于烧结炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为4小时,得到煅烧料。煅烧料:T+C相=74%、比表面积=8.7m2/g、d50=1.8μm。
(4)将煅烧料加水、分散剂在砂磨机中研磨得到浆料,浆料的d50=0.4μm,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌4小时,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到高烧结活性、分散均匀、晶相可控的黑色氧化锆造粒粉。其中,加水量与煅烧料质量比为1:1,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵,加入量为煅烧料的0.5%,粘结剂为聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇的混合溶液,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液,以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=99.4:0.5:0.1。喷雾造粒的喷干塔入口温度为220℃,出口温度为100℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.3~1.4g/cm3。
(5)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后得到黑色氧化锆生坯。其中,干压成型的压力为100MPa,等静压压力为200MPa。
(6)将黑色氧化锆生坯排胶后进行高温烧结,烧结温度为1420±30℃,保温时间为4小时,升温速率为130℃/h,即可制得黑色氧化锆材料,具体性能见表1。
样品性能测试方法与实施例1中的一致。
表1黑色氧化锆材料的物理性能情况
Claims (8)
1.一种高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将锆盐、钇盐溶液在高压反应釜中混合,加入有机酸制备凝胶溶液,加入无机碱中和;
(2)将中和产物脱氯、脱钠后加入到去离子水中,添加分散剂搅拌,然后加入铝盐、镧盐、锌盐、钛盐、钴盐、铁盐或锰盐溶液中的至少一种,最后滴入氨水调节pH值,形成包覆物;
(3)将包覆物进行微波晶化预处理,得到黑色氧化锆前驱体;
(4)将黑色氧化锆前驱体煅烧,得到煅烧料;
(5)将煅烧料加水和分散剂研磨得到浆料,向浆料中加入粘合剂和脱模剂混匀搅拌,然后进行喷雾造粒,即得到黑色氧化锆造粒粉;
(6)将造粒粉干压、等静压成型后,得到黑色氧化锆生坯;
(7)将黑色氧化锆生坯进行高温烧结,然后进行修整加工,最终得到所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料;
步骤(2)中,铝盐为三氯化铝、硝酸铝或硫酸铝;镧盐为三氯化镧或硝酸镧;锌盐为氯化锌或硝酸锌;钛盐为氯化钛或硝酸钛;钴盐为氯化钴或硝酸钴;铁盐为氯化铁或硝酸铁;锰盐为氯化锰或硝酸锰;调节pH值至9~10;包覆物中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇:氧化铝:氧化镧:氧化锌:氧化钛:氧化钴:氧化铁:氧化锰的质量比为81-96:3-7:0-2:0-1:0-1:0-1:0-2:1-3:0-2;
步骤(3)中,微波晶化预处理时,处理温度为400~800℃,保温时间为1~3小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,锆盐溶液为氧氯化锆或硫酸锆的溶液;钇盐溶液为三氯化钇或硝酸钇的溶液;在高压反应釜混合时,加热温度为140~160℃,保温时间为4~6小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,有机酸为质量分数20%的2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸或柠檬酸溶液,有机酸加入量以溶质质量计,为氧化锆、氧化钇氧化物总质量的10%;无机碱为氨水或氢氧化钠溶液,pH值控制在8-11;
锆盐溶液以溶质氧化锆的质量计,钇盐溶液以溶质氧化钇的质量计;化学成分中,(氧化锆+氧化铪):氧化钇的质量比为92-97:3-8。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,煅烧温度为900~1200℃,煅烧时间为2~6小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,粘合剂为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、丙三醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素或丙烯酸树脂溶液中的一种或多种,脱模剂为水溶性蜡乳液或硬脂酸水溶液中的一种或多种;以质量百分数计,煅烧料:粘结剂:脱模剂=94.7-99.6:0.3-5:0.1-0.3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,喷雾造粒时,喷干塔入口温度为190-240℃,出口温度为90-120℃,得到的黑色氧化锆造粒粉的平均粒径为50~80μm,堆积密度为1.1~1.5g/cm 3 。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,干压成型压力为60~150MPa,等静压成型压力为150~300MPa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高韧性高强度黑色氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(7)中,高温烧结的烧结温度为1350℃~1450℃,保温时间为1~4h,升温速率为1~5℃/min。
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