CN112497863A - 一种隔声砖及隔声装置 - Google Patents

一种隔声砖及隔声装置 Download PDF

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CN112497863A
CN112497863A CN202110122420.7A CN202110122420A CN112497863A CN 112497863 A CN112497863 A CN 112497863A CN 202110122420 A CN202110122420 A CN 202110122420A CN 112497863 A CN112497863 A CN 112497863A
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layer
black hole
sound
acoustic black
hole structure
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盖晓玲
李贤徽
蔡泽农
关淅文
邢拓
张斌
王芳
张鹏
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Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection
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Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection
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Abstract

本申请提供一种隔声砖，该隔声砖包括强度层、声学黑洞结构层以及吸音层，强度层用于提供结构支撑；声学黑洞结构层设置在强度层的一侧，声学黑洞结构层内设置有声学黑洞结构；吸音层设置在声学黑洞结构层远离强度层的一侧，用于吸收部分声音。该隔声砖具有良好的结构强度以及隔声性能，且成本较低。

Description

一种隔声砖及隔声装置
技术领域
本申请涉及建筑结构领域，具体而言，涉及一种隔声砖及隔声装置。
背景技术
随着科技的发展以及人类生活水平的提高，人类对隔音的需求也逐渐提高，特别是建筑隔音，其与人类的生产生活息息相关。现有技术中为了提高建筑隔音效果一般通过加厚墙体厚度或者选择隔音效果较好的隔音材料作为建筑材料，但加厚墙体厚度会减小建筑物的有效面积，隔音效果较好的建筑材料其成本也较高，进而增加了建筑施工成本。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种隔声砖，该隔声砖具有良好的结构强度以及隔声性能，且成本较低。
本申请实施例提供了一种隔声砖，该隔声砖包括强度层、声学黑洞结构层以及吸音层，所述强度层用于提供结构支撑；所述声学黑洞结构层设置在所述强度层的一侧，所述声学黑洞结构层内设置有声学黑洞结构；所述吸音层设置在所述声学黑洞结构层远离所述强度层的一侧，用于吸收部分声音。
在上述实现过程中，声学黑洞结构具有良好的减震降噪作用，因此通过在隔声砖内设置声学黑洞结构，可有效提高隔声砖的隔音效果，且成本较低。该隔声砖分别在声学黑洞结构层的两侧分别设置强度层和吸音层，其中强度层为整个砖体提供结构支撑，吸音层一方面可以吸收部分声音，另一方面还可保护声学黑洞结构层的结构，进而使得隔声砖形成一个稳固的结构整体，因此本申请所提供的隔声砖具有良好的结构强度以及隔声性能，且成本较低。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述声学黑洞结构层包括至少一个声学黑洞空腔，所述声学黑洞空腔是由曲线h(x)=exm(m≥2)沿X轴旋转得到的锥形空腔，其中所述X轴的方向为所述隔声砖的厚度方向，h(x)为点x对应的声学黑洞空腔宽度值，m为变化阶次，e为变化系数。
在上述实现过程中，曲线h(x)=exm(m≥2)沿X轴旋转得到的锥形空腔形的声学黑洞结构对于低频噪音具有良好的隔音效果，可使得本申请中的隔声砖适用于体育馆、多功能厅、演艺中心、歌厅、酒吧、影院、礼堂、酒店、电视台、钢琴室、别墅或者家居生活中对低频隔声效果要求严格的场所。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述强度层的形成材料包括水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石膏、陶粒、木粉、铝粉、煤矸石以及胶结料。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述声学黑洞结构层的形成材料与所述强度层的形成材料相同，所述声学黑洞结构层与所述强度层一体成型。
在上述实现过程中，声学黑洞结构层的形成材料与强度层的形成材料相同，均包括水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石膏、陶粒、木粉、铝粉、煤矸石以及胶结料，进而声学黑洞结构层可以与强度层采用一体成型的方式制作，可有效加强声学黑洞结构层与强度层之间的连接强度，提高隔声砖的结构强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述强度层内还设置有金属条或金属网。
在上述实现过程中，在强度层内增加金属条或金属网，可有效提高强度层的结构强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述强度层内还设置有短纤维。
在上述实现过程中，在强度层内添加短纤维，可提高强度层的韧性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述声学黑洞结构层的形成材料为橡胶、乳胶或泡沫。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述强度层、所述声学黑洞结构层以及所述吸音层的形成材料为金属。
在上述实现过程中，采用金属浇注形成的隔声砖，可用于机械领域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述吸音层为穿孔板、微穿孔板、铝箔纤维布、纺织纤维布、无纺布或吸声纸。
在上述实现过程中，当隔声砖应用在建筑工程领域时，采用穿孔板、微穿孔板、铝箔纤维布、纺织纤维布、无纺布或吸声纸制作吸音层，结构简单，价格低廉。
本申请实施例还提供了一种隔声装置，该隔声装置包括上述任一实施例中所述的隔声砖。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种隔声砖的结构图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种声学黑洞空腔的形成结构图。
图标：100-强度层；200-声学黑洞结构层；300-吸音层；210-声学黑洞空腔。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
声学黑洞是将天文物理学中的黑洞概念引入到波动和声振领域中，并将其作为一种全新的概念提出。声学黑洞效应实际上就是通过改变结构形式制作出来的陷波器，通过结构阻抗的变化，使得结构中传播的波相速度和群速度发生变化，在结构局部区域实现波的聚集。改变结构阻抗实现声学黑洞效应的主要方式是改变结构的厚度，利用弯曲波在变厚度结构中的传播特性，当结构厚度按一定幂函数减小时，弯曲波的相速度和群速度也相应的减小。理想情况下，当厚度减小为零时，结构边缘的波速可减小到零，达到波的零反射，将所有的波动能量集中在结构的尖端位置，通过结构的阻尼和附加在结构上的阻尼材料，达到能量吸收或减振降噪的目的。
请参考图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种隔声砖的结构图，本申请实施例提供了一种隔声砖，该隔声砖包括强度层100、声学黑洞结构层200以及吸音层300，强度层100用于提供结构支撑；声学黑洞结构层200设置在强度层100的一侧，声学黑洞结构层200内设置有声学黑洞结构；吸音层300设置在声学黑洞结构层200远离强度层100的一侧，用于吸收部分声音。
在上述实现过程中，声学黑洞结构具有良好的减震降噪作用，因此通过在隔声砖内设置声学黑洞结构，可有效提高隔声砖的隔音效果，且成本较低。该隔声砖分别在声学黑洞结构层200的两侧分别设置强度层100和吸音层300，其中强度层100为整个砖体提供结构支撑，吸音层300一方面可以吸收部分声音，另一方面还可保护声学黑洞结构层200的结构，进而使得隔声砖形成一个稳固的结构整体，因此本申请所提供的隔声砖具有良好的结构强度以及隔声性能，且成本较低。
在一种可能的实现方式中，请参考图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种声学黑洞空腔的形成结构图，声学黑洞结构层200包括至少一个声学黑洞空腔210，声学黑洞空腔210是由曲线h(x)=exm(m≥2)沿X轴旋转得到的锥形空腔210，其中X轴的方向为隔声砖的厚度方向，h(x)为点x对应的声学黑洞空腔宽度值，m为变化阶次，e为变化系数。
在上述实现过程中，曲线h(x)=exm(m≥2)沿X轴旋转得到的锥形空腔210形的声学黑洞结构对于低频噪音具有良好的隔音效果，可使得本申请中的隔声砖适用于体育馆、多功能厅、演艺中心、歌厅、酒吧、影院、礼堂、酒店、电视台、钢琴室、别墅或者家居生活中对低频隔声效果要求严格的场所。
在一种可能的实现方式中，强度层100的形成材料包括水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石膏、陶粒、木粉、铝粉、煤矸石以及胶结料。
在上述实现过程中，由泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石膏、陶粒、木粉、铝粉、煤矸石以及胶结料等材料以合适的比例配比，混合搅拌均匀形成料浆，将料浆浇注到设计好的模具中形成胚体，养护成型得到强度层100，另外强度层100可以选择烧制成型或免烧制成型。
在一种可能的实现方式中，声学黑洞结构层200的形成材料与强度层100的形成材料相同，声学黑洞结构层200与强度层100一体成型。
在上述实现过程中，声学黑洞结构层200的形成材料与强度层100的形成材料相同，均包括水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石膏、陶粒、木粉、铝粉、煤矸石以及胶结料，进而声学黑洞结构层200可以与强度层100采用一体成型的方式制作，可有效加强声学黑洞结构层200与强度层100之间的连接强度，提高隔声砖的结构强度。具体地，以合适的比例将上述材料配比成料浆，然后倒入预先设计好的声学黑洞结构层200与强度层100一体成型模具中形成胚体，养护成型，得到一体式的声学黑洞结构层200与强度层100。
在一种可能的实现方式中，强度层100内还设置有金属条或金属网。
在上述实现过程中，在强度层100内增加金属条或金属网，可有效提高强度层100的结构强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，强度层100内还设置有短纤维。
在上述实现过程中，在强度层100内添加短纤维，可提高强度层100的韧性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，声学黑洞结构层200的形成材料为橡胶、乳胶或泡沫。
在上述实现过程中，将橡胶、乳胶或泡沫通过模具成型形成柔性的声学黑洞结构层200，然后可将柔性的声学黑洞结构层200直接贴附在刚性的强度层100上。
在一种可能的实现方式中，强度层100、声学黑洞结构层200以及吸音层的形成材料为金属。
在上述实现过程中，采用金属浇注形成的隔声砖，可用于机械领域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，吸音层300为穿孔板、微穿孔板、铝箔纤维布、纺织纤维布、无纺布或吸声纸。
在上述实现过程中，当隔声砖应用在建筑工程领域时，可采用穿孔板、微穿孔板、铝箔纤维布、纺织纤维布、无纺布或吸声纸制作吸音层，结构简单，价格低廉。
在一些实施例中，强度层100采用金属板或者复合材料板，声学黑洞结构层200的形成材料为泡沫，吸音层300采用纺织纤维布或者无纺布，采用上述材料形成的隔声砖可应用于汽车内饰或练歌房软包等。
本申请实施例还提供了一种隔声装置，该隔声装置包括上述任一实施例中所述的隔声砖。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (9)

1.一种隔声砖，其特征在于，包括：
强度层，用于提供结构支撑；
声学黑洞结构层，设置在所述强度层的一侧，所述声学黑洞结构层内设置有声学黑洞结构；
吸音层，设置在所述声学黑洞结构层远离所述强度层的一侧，用于吸收部分声音；
所述声学黑洞结构层包括至少一个声学黑洞空腔，所述声学黑洞空腔是由曲线h(x)=exm(m≥2)沿X轴旋转得到的锥形空腔，其中所述X轴的方向为所述隔声砖的厚度方向，h(x)为点x对应的声学黑洞空腔宽度值，m为变化阶次，e为变化系数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述强度层的形成材料包括水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、石膏、陶粒、木粉、铝粉、煤矸石以及胶结料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述声学黑洞结构层的形成材料与所述强度层的形成材料相同，所述声学黑洞结构层与所述强度层一体成型。
4.根据权利要求2所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述强度层内还设置有金属条或金属网。
5.根据权利要求4所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述强度层内还设置有短纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述声学黑洞结构层的形成材料为橡胶、乳胶或泡沫。
7.根据权利要求1所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述强度层、所述声学黑洞结构层以及所述吸音层的形成材料为金属。
8.根据权利要求1所述的隔声砖，其特征在于，所述吸音层为穿孔板、微穿孔板、铝箔纤维布、纺织纤维布、无纺布或吸声纸。
9.一种隔声装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8中任一项所述的隔声砖。
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