CN112485327A - Single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measurement system and method based on piezoelectric composite wafer - Google Patents
Single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measurement system and method based on piezoelectric composite wafer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measuring system and method based on a piezoelectric composite wafer, wherein the system comprises a measuring probe, a data acquisition device, a data transmission device and a user side which are connected in sequence; the measuring probe comprises a shell, a rectifying block arranged on the shell, a transmitting wafer and an annular receiving wafer, wherein the transmitting wafer and the annular receiving wafer are integrally assembled on the rectifying block; the data acquisition equipment is used for receiving scattering echoes of the ultrasonic waves, amplifying the scattering echoes and converting the scattering echoes into scattering data; and the user side is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain sound intensity information, carrying out superposition calculation on the amplitude of the effective section of the scattering echo signal through time domain analysis, and carrying out inversion to obtain the sediment concentration. The invention firstly uses the piezoelectric composite material for river sediment measurement, is beneficial to improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal emission frequency, and simultaneously the composite piezoelectric wafer has smaller size, can miniaturize the appearance structure of the probe, and is beneficial to reducing the measurement blind area and improving the precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river sediment detection, in particular to a single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measuring system and method based on a piezoelectric composite wafer.
Background
The concentration and gradation of suspended silt in a natural river are important hydrological and environmental parameters, and the water flow and the silt are coupled in motion and mutually influenced. The existing measuring method for the concentration of suspended load silt comprises the following steps: a sampling analysis method, an optical detection method, an acoustic detection method, an image observation method, and the like.
The traditional field sampling and laboratory operation analysis modes are still continuous, and although the measurement precision is high, the sand content measurement method is laggard, consumes time and labor. The optical detection method adopts an optical means to measure the sand-containing concentration and gradation in the natural river water flow, and can be roughly divided into a transmission method, a turbidity method, an optical backscattering method and a laser diffraction method. Because the scattering performance difference of the silt particles with different matrixes, particle sizes and colors to light is large, the real-time measurement by an optical turbidimeter and an LISTT series product depends on an empirical relationship, the applicability and the stability of the instrument can not meet the requirements of hydrological test specifications, and the LISST measurement error is large. The photo method is to take photos by advanced high-pixel and high-precision micro-camera equipment, can clearly reflect the scale characteristics of particles, and can obtain the concentration by calculation.
The acoustic detection method measures suspended sediment information by using the characteristics of scattering, attenuation and the like of ultrasonic waves in a medium, and the ultrasonic measurement equipment has the advantages of energy concentration, no interference to a flow field, rapidness, real time and the like. Sumingxu (patent publication No. CN104833619A) proposes a method for measuring the particle size and concentration of solid particles by improving the principle of ultrasonic attenuation spectrum, and utilizes the sound attenuation method to solve the objective function by measuring the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum of the particles in the region, calculating the noise elimination coefficient and calculating the scattering exit angle of ultrasonic particles to obtain the average particle size and concentration of the particles, but the ultrasonic attenuation difference of the particles with different particle sizes at high frequency can be reflected. Zhangieweiying (2003) develops two ultrasonic detectors for measuring high sand content based on the ultrasonic viscosity attenuation mechanism of high-concentration suspended sediment, wherein transmitting sensors and receiving sensors are oppositely arranged at a certain distance, the measured sand content range is 10-800 kg/m3, the measurement precision is 5% of the full range, and the sensors are not suitable for measuring the sand content range of a common river.
The concentration of suspended sand in water is measured by analyzing the scattering characteristics of natural sand particles by ADV (acoustic Doppler velocity vector) and ADCP (acoustic Doppler Current profiler) equipment based on a back scattering principle, but the distance from a probe to a detector is longer, the farther the ultrasonic wave propagation distance is, the more the signal is attenuated on a propagation path under the influence of the sand content is, the more the scattering signal of the sand content at a measuring point is, so that useful information is difficult to obtain, the range of the sand content is 0.1-3 kg/m3, and the single-frequency working mode is adopted, so that the particle size distribution cannot be measured.
The above-mentioned measuring devices and methods have certain disadvantages, and the limiting factors are mainly: the measurement of the sand-containing concentration cannot be realized to cover both low concentration and high concentration; no stable and reliable field real-time sand content measuring equipment exists; most devices cannot achieve simultaneous measurement of concentration and gradation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measuring system and method based on a piezoelectric composite wafer, which breaks through the bottleneck of insufficient real-time measurement on suspended sand concentration and particle size lines under the field condition, develops an acoustic system capable of measuring the sand content from low concentration to high concentration in a natural river and improves the hydrological detection automation level.
A single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measuring system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer comprises a measuring probe, data acquisition equipment, data transmission equipment and a user side which are connected in sequence; the measuring probe comprises a shell, a rectifying block arranged on the shell, a transmitting wafer and an annular receiving wafer, wherein the transmitting wafer and the annular receiving wafer are integrally assembled on the rectifying block; the data acquisition equipment comprises a signal sending unit and a signal acquisition unit, wherein the signal sending unit is connected with the transmitting wafer and used for providing energy for exciting ultrasonic waves for the transmitting wafer and controlling the exciting frequency of the transmitting wafer; and the user side is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain sound intensity information, carrying out superposition calculation on the amplitude of the scattering echo signal through time domain analysis, and carrying out inversion to obtain the sediment concentration.
Further, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are made of piezoelectric composite wafers.
Furthermore, the front end of the rectifying block is a streamline spherical crown, the rear side of the spherical crown is a conical surface for sticking an annular receiving wafer, the rear section of the rectifying block is a cylinder, and the end part of the rectifying block is stuck with a transmitting wafer.
Further, the shell is made of stainless steel.
Furthermore, the measuring probe is connected with the data acquisition equipment through a watertight cable.
A single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measuring method based on a piezoelectric composite wafer is carried out by adopting the system, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an ultrasonic probe is extended into a water body to be measured, ultrasonic signals are transmitted, and scattered echo signals of all silt particles in a measuring area are received;
secondly, amplifying and converting the received effective section of the scattering echo signal into scattering data by data acquisition equipment;
and thirdly, the user terminal performs digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain sound intensity information, and the amplitude of the scattering echo signal is subjected to superposition calculation through time domain analysis to obtain sediment concentration through inversion.
The method realizes the measurement of the sand concentration by collecting the scattering signals of ultrasonic waves from particles, performs corresponding digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain information such as sound intensity and the like, performs superposition calculation on the amplitude of echo signals through time domain analysis, and performs inversion to obtain the sand concentration; the designed rectifying block of the sand content grading signal ultrasonic probe shortens the propagation distance of ultrasonic signals and reduces the influence of attenuation; the ultrasonic probe adopts the composite piezoelectric wafer, can realize the high-frequency signal receiving and dispatching, the frequency of the transmitted wave can be changed from 5MHz to 25MHz, reduce the size and measure the blind area structurally, carry on certain compensation to the sound attenuation, improve the range; compared with the existing sand content measuring equipment, the device and the method have the advantages that the river measurement is taken as a target, the requirement of measuring the sand content of most rivers can be met, the measuring cost is low, and the operation is convenient and flexible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measurement system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of an ultrasonic probe of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an ultrasound probe of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a graph showing acoustic impedance characteristics of a conventional piezoelectric ceramic wafer; FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing acoustic impedance characteristics of a composite piezoelectric wafer having a center frequency of 0.5 MHz.
The reference numerals in the figures are illustrated as follows:
1. an ultrasonic probe; 2. a data acquisition device; 3. a signal transmission device; 4. a user side; 5. a measurement area; 6. (ii) suspensor particles; 7. an echo signal; 8. emitting the wafer; 9. a ring-shaped receiving wafer; 10. rectifying blocks; 11. a housing; 12. watertight cable
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, an embodiment of the invention provides a single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measurement system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer, which includes a measurement probe 1, a data acquisition device 2, a data transmission device 3, and a user end 4, which are connected in sequence.
As shown in fig. 2, the measurement probe 1 includes a transmitting wafer 8, a ring-shaped receiving wafer 9, a rectifying block 10 and a housing 11, wherein the housing 11 may be made of stainless steel and is connected to the data acquisition device 2 through a watertight cable 12. The measuring probe 1 transmits ultrasonic signals to a water body to be measured through a transmitting wafer 8 positioned at the rear part of the probe, then receives scattering echo signals of the water body through an annular receiving wafer 9 at the front end of the probe, and a rectifying block 10 is positioned at the foremost end of the probe. The transmitting wafer 8, the receiving wafer 9 and the rectifying block 10 are packaged together in a steel shell 11, and the probe can realize self-transmitting and self-receiving of ultrasonic signals.
The transmitting wafer 8 and the receiving wafer 9 are made of piezoelectric composite wafers, and fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are two groups of impedance characteristic curves and phase curves obtained by measuring common piezoelectric ceramics and the piezoelectric composite wafers respectively. The curves of the common piezoelectric ceramic wafer fluctuate at multiple positions and are caused by various intrinsic miscellaneous modes of the piezoelectric material, the miscellaneous modes are sources of intrinsic noise of the probe, and the acoustic measurement characteristics of the probe are better compared with those of the probe; in the aspect of a probe manufacturing process, the bending wafer technology is adopted to realize the focusing of sound waves, the defects of the acoustic lens technology are overcome, the piezoelectric composite wafer technology is applied to the development of a water conservancy measuring instrument for the first time, the brittleness of materials can be reduced, the success rate of wafer manufacturing and emission is higher, and meanwhile, the sensitivity of the probe can be improved and the signal to noise ratio can be improved; the sensor is designed to integrate and assemble the transmitting wafer 8 and the annular receiving wafer 9 on the rectifying block 10, the performance of sound waves is adjusted within a certain range, the diameter of the measuring probe 1 can be controlled within 20mm, the breakthrough of integral micromation of appearance is realized, and the disturbance to a flow field is smaller.
The ultrasonic wave encounters randomly distributed scattered particles in the propagation process, and transmission, diffuse reflection, diffraction and total reflection occur. The invention uses ultrasonic detection for reference in the fields of industry and the like, takes sediment particles in water as an object to be measured, analyzes echo signals, and analyzes particle scattering signals by taking Rayleigh scattering and spherical scattering as basic measurement principles. The arrival time of the echo signal represents the position of the target to be detected away from the probe, and the intensity and the spectral characteristic of the echo signal contain information such as the concentration of silt; in a Rayleigh scattering region (ka <0.6), the shape of the particles and the mutual position relation of the particles have little influence on the scattering sound field distribution of the particles; since the echo signal intensity of the ultrasonic wave is quickly attenuated due to the increase of the sand content in the round trip, when designing a sand content sensor, the distance from a measuring point to a receiving sensor should be reduced as far as possible as long as the motion characteristic of sand particles is not influenced, and the purpose of reducing the attenuation loss is achieved by utilizing the rectification block 10.
The front end of the rectifying block 10 is a streamline spherical crown, so that the influence on water flow can be reduced, the rear side of the spherical crown is a conical surface and is used for adhering the annular receiving wafer 9, the rear section of the rectifying block 10 is a cylinder, and the end part of the rectifying block is adhered with the transmitting wafer 8. The rectifying block 10 is made of a material with good underwater acoustic performance, and has the functions that ultrasonic waves emitted from a wafer need to be modulated for a certain length in a near field region, so that the influence of an irregular sound field of the near field region on signal quantitative detection can be eliminated; and secondly, the measurement blind area of the probe is reduced, the propagation distance of the sound wave can be reduced, and the muddy water path from the ultrasonic wave to the water body to be detected is shortened as much as possible, so that the attenuation in the propagation process is reduced.
The design and manufacture of the probe system specifically comprise the following contents:
1) preparing a sensor: the method mainly adopts a piezoelectric composite material (composed of thermoplastic polymer and inorganic piezoelectric material) to replace the traditional piezoelectric material, selects a proper filling polymer material, selects a precision cutting blade with micron-sized thickness to cut a wafer, utilizes a chemical plating method to plate gold, nickel and copper on the surface of the piezoelectric composite material, and carries out roughening, sensitizing and activating treatment on the surface of the material to firmly plate an electrode; the sensors for different transmit frequencies are different sizes, the higher the frequency, the smaller the sensor size.
2) Design of a matching layer: i.e. the rectifying block 10, adopts a double matching layer structure to enable the probe to obtain larger bandwidth and sensitivity. For a high-frequency probe, considering that the acoustic performance of the material is required to be reduced and the acoustic impedance is required to be close to that of water flow, the invention selects a special polyethylene polymer product to manufacture the rectifying block.
3) The structural design of the probe: the rectifying block is positioned at the most front end of the probe, and then a circular ring concave receiving wafer (beneficial to focusing signals) and a transmitting wafer positioned at the center of the probe are respectively positioned at the second end of the rectifying block, and the probe is cylindrical in shape.
4) Assembling a probe: the rectifying block, the receiving wafer and the transmitting wafer are bonded through glue, the quality and the performance of the bonding layer are strictly controlled, and the loosening, the displacement or the deformation of the bonding surface in the glue curing process are prevented; the shell of the probe is made of stainless steel, so that the waterproof and anticorrosion functions and the shielding function can be achieved during underwater operation; the probe is connected with the signal acquisition equipment by using a watertight cable, so that signal transmission is ensured.
5) Measurement mode: the ultrasonic sand content measuring probe adopts a mode of transmitting one wafer and receiving the other wafer, and the transmitting and receiving wafers are arranged in the same shell, so that the self-transmitting and self-receiving of signals can be realized by using the same probe.
The ultrasonic wave is used for measuring, the echo signals of the sediment particles in the Rayleigh region are analyzed based on the particle scattering principle, and the sediment concentration value and the gradation distribution of a measuring point are obtained through time domain calculation and frequency spectrum analysis of the signals. As shown in fig. 1, the sediment particles suspended in the water body scatter the acoustic signal within the measurement range of the probe, the scattered signal contains information such as concentration, and when the concentration of the particles is high, the signals are linearly superimposed. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the ultrasonic probe, which is designed to adopt a self-generating and self-receiving mode of operation, and the probe comprises a transmitting wafer 8, a ring receiving wafer 9, a rectifying block 10 and a watertight cable 12. The transmitting wafer 8 is positioned at the back, the receiving wafer 9 is positioned at the front end of the probe, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are fixed through the rectifying block 10 and are packaged in the stainless steel shell 11, and the wafers do not directly contact with a medium to be measured. The probe is connected to a signal acquisition system by a watertight cable so as to carry out measurement.
The data acquisition equipment 2 comprises a signal sending unit and a signal acquisition unit, wherein the signal sending unit is connected with the transmitting wafer 8 and provides ultrasonic energy for the transmitting wafer 8 and controls the frequency excited by the transmitting wafer 8, the signal acquisition unit is connected with the annular receiving wafer 9 and is used for receiving ultrasonic scattering echoes, amplifying the scattering echoes, converting the scattering echoes into digital signal scattering data and packaging the scattering data and transmitting the digital signal scattering data to the Ethernet bus interface of the data transmission equipment 3, the data transmission is rapid and stable, and the real-time signal receiving can be realized.
The user side 4 can be realized by a PC, and is used for performing corresponding digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain information such as sound intensity, performing superposition calculation on the amplitude of the echo signal through time domain analysis, and performing inversion to obtain the sediment concentration.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a single-frequency ultrasonic suspended load measuring method based on the piezoelectric composite wafer, which is carried out by adopting the system, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, an ultrasonic probe 1 is extended into a water body to be measured, ultrasonic signals are transmitted, and scattered echo signals of all silt particles in a measurement area are received;
step two, the data acquisition equipment 2 amplifies the received scattered echo signals and converts the signals into scattered data;
and step three, the user terminal 4 carries out digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain sound intensity information, and carries out superposition calculation on the amplitude of the effective section of the scattering echo signal through time domain analysis to obtain the sediment concentration through inversion.
The invention applies ultrasonic detection to the aspect of sediment concentration measurement, firstly provides the measurement of the sediment concentration by using an acoustic scattering method, uses a piezoelectric composite material as a transmitting and receiving device, extends an ultrasonic probe into a water body to be measured, transmits ultrasonic signals, receives scattering echo signals of all sediment particles in a measurement area, and obtains parameters such as suspended load concentration, particle gradation and the like through data processing and analysis conversion.
The invention utilizes acoustics as a measuring means and realizes the acquisition of suspended sediment parameters in the water body based on the particle scattering principle. In order to realize the measurement purpose, the piezoelectric composite material is firstly used for measuring the river sediment, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal emission frequency are improved, and meanwhile, the composite piezoelectric wafer is small in size, the appearance structure of the probe can be miniaturized, the measurement blind area is reduced, and the precision is improved. The ultrasonic probe has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, wide range, convenience in use and strong applicability, can acquire real-time silt concentration data in the field, and is beneficial to improving the automation level of hydrological detection; meanwhile, the probe has higher transmitting frequency, so that the acoustic signal in the propagation process in the medium can be effectively compensated, and a wider measuring range is realized.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a single-frequency supersound suspended load measurement system based on piezoelectricity composite wafer which characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring probe, a data acquisition device, a data transmission device and a user side which are connected in sequence; the measuring probe comprises a shell, a rectifying block arranged on the shell, a transmitting wafer and an annular receiving wafer, wherein the transmitting wafer and the annular receiving wafer are integrally assembled on the rectifying block; the data acquisition equipment comprises a signal sending unit and a signal acquisition unit, wherein the signal sending unit is connected with the transmitting wafer and used for providing energy for exciting ultrasonic waves for the transmitting wafer and controlling the exciting frequency of the transmitting wafer; and the user side is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain sound intensity information, carrying out superposition calculation on the amplitude of the scattering echo signal through time domain analysis, and carrying out inversion to obtain the sediment concentration.
2. The single frequency ultrasonic suspended matter measurement system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer according to claim 1, wherein: the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are made of piezoelectric composite wafers.
3. The single frequency ultrasonic suspended matter measurement system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer according to claim 1, wherein: the front end of the rectifying block is a streamlined spherical crown, the rear side of the spherical crown is a conical surface for sticking an annular receiving wafer, the rear section of the rectifying block is a cylinder, and the end part of the rectifying block is stuck with a transmitting wafer.
4. The single frequency ultrasonic suspended matter measurement system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer according to claim 1, wherein: the shell is made of stainless steel.
5. The single frequency ultrasonic suspended matter measurement system based on a piezoelectric composite wafer according to claim 1, wherein: the measuring probe is connected with the data acquisition equipment through a watertight cable.
6. A single frequency ultrasonic suspended load measurement method based on a piezoelectric composite wafer, characterized by being carried out by using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an ultrasonic probe is extended into a water body to be measured, ultrasonic signals are transmitted, and scattered echo signals of all silt particles in a measuring area are received;
step two, the data acquisition equipment amplifies the received scattered echo signals and converts the signals into scattered data;
and thirdly, the user terminal performs digital signal processing on the scattering data to obtain sound intensity information, and the amplitude of the effective section of the scattering echo signal is subjected to superposition calculation through time domain analysis to obtain the sediment concentration through inversion.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114487094A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-13 | 西安鹿谱工控有限公司 | Liquid concentration measuring method, device, system and storage medium |
| WO2024098605A1 (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-16 | 清华大学 | Method and apparatus for measuring sediment content in flowing water body |
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| CN101169363A (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2008-04-30 | 上海理工大学 | Granule graininess, concentration and density measuring method and device |
| CN104569483A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-29 | 北京瑞科视讯科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic sensor for measuring silt concentration and three-dimensional instant flow rate at the same time |
| CN106769733A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-31 | 中国计量大学 | Focusing ultrasonic wave formula river load concentration on-line measurement instrument |
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