CN100411215C - Combined type ultrasonic transducer - Google Patents
Combined type ultrasonic transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN100411215C CN100411215C CNB2005100321836A CN200510032183A CN100411215C CN 100411215 C CN100411215 C CN 100411215C CN B2005100321836 A CNB2005100321836 A CN B2005100321836A CN 200510032183 A CN200510032183 A CN 200510032183A CN 100411215 C CN100411215 C CN 100411215C
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- transducer
- piezoelectric ceramic
- cymbal
- ceramic disk
- array receiver
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a combined type ultrasonic transducer which has the technical problem that an ultrasonic transducer with a large operating distance and a wide frequency band is designed. The present invention is composed of a casing, a matching layer, a piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer, a back lining, a leading out cable and a Cymbal array receiver. The piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer is made from PZT-5 piezoelectric materials with polarized thickness direction, and the Cymbal array receiver is composed of 8 to 16 Cymbal transducers, two metal rings and a rubber washer. The piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer is used as a basic ultrasonic transducer to transmit and receive ultrasonic wave signals; the Cymbal array receiver is positioned on the disk type piezoelectric transducer and is used as an ultrasonic receiver, and the Cymbal array receiver is used for receiving doppler echoed signals outside the frequency band of the disk type transducer. The operating distance of the present invention is more than 35m, frequency bandwidth reaches 10kHz, and the present invention can test the quickly moving distant objects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ultrasonic ranging transducer, be particularly useful for detecting the broadband ultrasonic transducer of remote high-speed mobile target.
Background technology
Ultrasonic wave has beam and reflection characteristic, basically can be along straightline propagation, and its energy is far longer than the low-frequency sound wave of same-amplitude, and non-contact ultrasonic range finding transducer utilizes hyperacoustic this specific character to make just.In air dielectric, the performance of supersonic sounding transducer is subjected to the influence of light, dust, smog, electromagnetic interference and toxic gas hardly, and it is cheap, easy to use, therefore, in many fields such as level gauging, vehicle and robot self-navigation, object identification and location, vehicle safe driving auxiliary system and even topography and geomorphology detections, the supersonic sounding transducer has purposes widely.Yet defectives such as the short operating distance of ultrasonic transducer and narrow-band are the bottleneck problems that enlarges the ultrasonic transducer range of application always.China's sensor network (www.chinasensors.com) has been announced the disc type ultrasonic transducer that sell present domestic market, and its measuring range is all less than 15m, and frequency bandwidth is less than 4kHz.The ultrasonic sensor net (www.airmar.com) of offshore company has been announced the aerosphere type ultrasonic transducer, and its measuring range is 30m, and frequency bandwidth is less than 4kHz.The operating distance of ultrasonic transducer is too short and frequency band is too narrow, has limited the application of this class transducer in unmanned battle tank, vehicle safe driving auxiliary system and traffic flow management system.Because in these systems, not only require ultrasonic transducer can measure distant object, also require ultrasonic transducer can measure Fast Moving Object.Consider Doppler effect, if the frequency band of ultrasonic transducer is too narrow, the frequency of the echo-signal that is reflected by fast-moving target falls into outside the bandwidth of transducer probably, makes transducer can't detect echo-signal.Therefore development and developmental function distance ultrasonic transducer big, bandwidth becomes domestic and international question of common concern.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that a kind of operating distance of design is big, the ultrasonic transducer of bandwidth.The operating distance of this transducer is greater than 35m, and frequency bandwidth reaches 10kHz, can detect the distant object of high-speed mobile.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the present invention is made up of shell, matching layer (i.e. sound window), piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer, backing, outgoing cable and Cymbal (big cymbals) array receiver.Piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer transmits and receives ultrasonic signal as basic ultrasonic transducer by it; The Cymbal array receiver is positioned on the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer, as ultrasonic receiver, is used to receive the doppler echo signal outside the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer frequency band.
Piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer adopts the PZT-5 piezoelectric of thickness direction polarization to make, diameter is Φ 90mm, thickness is 12mm, operating frequency is 23.5kHz, resonance impedance is about 500 Ω, the outgoing cable that picks out from piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer becomes first output signal and second output signal, links to each other with the drive circuit of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer.
The Cymbal array receiver is made up of 8～16 Cymbal transducers, two metal rings and rubber washer.What of Cymbal transducer are relevant to the receiving sensitivity of echo with the size and the Cymbal transducer of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer, and the Cymbal transducer is many more, and receiving sensitivity is high more.The interior diameter of metal ring is Φ 94mm, and overall diameter is Φ 120mm, and annulus thickness is 1mm.Rubber washer fills up respectively in the inboard of metal ring outer toroid and the outside of interior annulus, and the Cymbal transducer is evenly distributed between the inside and outside annulus that is lined with rubber washer.Outgoing cable is drawn from the Cymbal array receiver, links to each other with the receiving circuit of Cymbal array receiver.
The Cymbal transducer is made up of the piezoelectric ceramic disk of one piece of thickness direction polarization of two big cymbals shape metal thin shells clamping, and bonds together with epoxide-resin glue.The radius R of piezoelectric ceramic disk
0Be 6mm, thickness is 1mm; Big cymbals shape metal thin shell thickness is that high resiliency beryllium-bronze (QBe1.9) band of 0.30mm is made.Big cymbals shape metal thin shell outer rim radius equates with the radius of piezoelectric ceramic disk, also is 6mm, the bottom surface radius R of big cymbals shape metal thin shell
1=5mm, the end face radius R
2=1.5mm, height H=0.4mm.The change of these geometric parameters and material will influence the resonance mode of Cymbal transducer.
Operation principle of the present invention is: be 23.5kHz high-voltage pulse signal or supersonic frequency signal excitation piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer with the centre frequency, make it outwards to send ultrasonic wave; Utilize piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer and Cymbal transducer and receiving circuit thereof, the echo-signal that common reception is returned by target reflection.Because the Cymbal transducer architecture is little, receiving sensitivity is high, so can be used for receiving echo-signal, the upper limiting frequency f of the echo-signal that the Cymbal transducer can perception by between Doppler effect generation 20～30kHz
H=30kHz, the lower frequency limit f of echo-signal that can perception
L=20kHz.
Adopt the present invention can produce following technique effect:
1. for static object, Doppler frequency deviation does not take place in the ultrasonic echo signal, and two class transducers among the present invention receive the ripple signal jointly, have increased the output of ultrasonic receiver, the present invention constitutes the ultrasonic ranging transducer with radiating circuit and receiving circuit, and its operating distance is greater than 35m;
2. for the measurement of moving target in two kinds of situation, when gtoal setting transducer position, the present invention can measure the maximal rate v of moving target
fFor
In the formula, f
HBy the Cymbal transducer the upper limiting frequency of echo-signal of energy perception, f
H=30kHz; f
cBe the centre frequency of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer transmission ultrasonic signal, f
c=23.5kHz; C is the aerial propagation velocity of sound wave, c ≈ 340m/s;
When target during away from the transducer position, combination ultrasonic probe can be measured the maximal rate v of moving target
aFor
In the formula, f
LBy the Cymbal transducer the lower frequency limit of echo-signal of energy perception, f
L=20kHz.
If do not adopt composite type transducer architecture of the present invention, and the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer architecture that only adopts background technology to announce, because its frequency band only is 4kHz, so can only survey moving target at a slow speed.The centre frequency of supposing piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer is f
c=23.5kHz is because the upper limiting frequency of the echo-signal that it can be responsive is f
H=25.5kHz, lower frequency limit are f
L=21.5kHz is so have
Therefore, with general piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer comparison, the present invention can the higher remote moving target of detection speed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the typical structure of homemade piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer.
Fig. 2 is the typical structure of AIRMAR disc type ultrasonic transducer.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of composite type transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of Cymbal array receiver.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of single Cymbal transducer.
Fig. 6 is a piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer driving circuit.
Fig. 7 is the front-end amplifier of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer receiving circuit.
Fig. 8 is the receiving circuit of Cymbal array receiver.
The adder that Fig. 9 is made up of operational amplifier, the output signal VP of Fig. 7 and receiving circuit shown in Figure 8 and VC be respectively as the input of adder, and the output VR of adder is by echo-signal that combined type ultrasonic transducer received.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the piezoelectric ceramic disk structure of ultrasonic transducer figure that sell the domestic market of Chinese sensor network (www.chinasensors.com) announcement.Fig. 2 is the aerosphere type ultrasonic transducer structure chart that ultrasonic sensor net (www.airmar.com) is announced.They are formed by the outgoing cable 5 of shell 1, matching layer (i.e. sound window) 2, piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3, backing 4 and the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer of transducer.If with they ultrasonic transducers as the sending and receiving dual-purpose, dispose drive circuit and receiving circuit and the signal processing circuit or the algorithm of suitable actual transducer, this type of transducer also can be used as large action-range ultrasonic ranging transducer and uses.But, because the passband of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer only has 4kHz usually in air dielectric, so can only be used to detect the target of static state or low-speed motion.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of combined type ultrasonic transducer of the present invention.The present invention is made up of shell 1, matching layer (i.e. sound window) 2, piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3, backing 4, the outgoing cable 5 of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer, Cymbal array receiver.Piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3 adopts the PZT-5 piezoelectric of thickness direction polarization to make, and diameter is Φ 90mm, and thickness is 12mm, and operating frequency is 23.5kHz, and resonance impedance is about 500 Ω; The Cymbal array receiver is positioned on the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3.The outgoing cable 5 of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer picks out from piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3, becomes first output signal and second output signal; The outgoing cable 6 of Cymbal array receiver is drawn from the Cymbal array receiver, links to each other with the receiving circuit of Cymbal array receiver.
Fig. 4 is a Cymbal array receiver structure chart.The Cymbal array receiver is made up of 6,8～16 Cymbal transducers 7 of outgoing cable, metal ring 8,9 and the rubber washer 10 of Cymbal array receiver.The internal diameter of metal ring 8,9 is Φ 94mm, and external diameter is Φ 120mm, and annulus thickness is 1mm.The Cymbal transducer is evenly distributed between the inside and outside annulus of the metal ring 8,9 that is lined with rubber washer 10.
As shown in Figure 5, Cymbal transducer (7) is made up of the piezoelectric ceramic disk 12 of one piece of thickness direction polarization of two big cymbals shape metal thin shell 11 clampings of upper and lower symmetry, wherein, bonding between big cymbals shape metal thin shell 11 and the piezoelectric ceramic disk 12 with epoxide-resin glue 13.The radius R of piezoelectric ceramic disk 12
0Be 6mm, thickness is 1mm; Big cymbals shape metal thin shell 11 usefulness thickness are that high resiliency beryllium-bronze (QBe1.9) band of 0.30mm is made.Big cymbals shape metal thin shell 11 outer rim radiuses equate with the radius of piezoelectric ceramic disk 12, also are 6mm, the bottom surface radius R of big cymbals shape metal thin shell 11
1=5mm, the end face radius R
2=1.5mm, height H=0.4mm.The change of these geometric parameters and material will influence the resonance mode of Cymbal transducer.
Fig. 6 is the drive circuit of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer.Drive circuit is made up of logic control and drive level change-over circuit and push-pull type amplifying circuit, and the push-pull type amplifying circuit links to each other with second output signal with first output signal of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3 of the present invention.When gating signal is high level, piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer uses as ultrasonic transmitter, the supersonic frequency digital pulse signal becomes high power pulse signal after amplifying by drive circuit, and excitation piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer makes it to send ultrasonic wave to the external world; When the gating signal in the drive circuit was low level, drive circuit was not worked, and piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer uses as ultrasonic receiver.
Fig. 7 is the front-end amplifier of receiving circuit of the present invention.When the gating signal in the drive circuit was low level, transducer was converted to the faint signal of telecommunication with the ultrasonic wave that receives, and obtained output signal VP after front-end amplifier amplifies, and carried out signal condition for subordinate's circuit.Wherein: have centre tapped pulse transformer TR and be used for carrying out impedance matching, make piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer when receiving echo, have the highest sensitivity with transducer.
Fig. 8 is the low noise front-end amplifier of Cymbal array receiver.Capacitor C among the figure
pAnd inductance L
pIt is the impedance matching element of Cymbal array.By suitable design, making Cymbal array center resonance frequency is 25kHz, and through after the impedance matching, the bandwidth of Cymbal array is 10kHz, also is its quality factor Q=2.5.The low noise front-end amplifier of Cymbal array receiver is output as VC.
Fig. 9 is an adder circuit.The output signal VC of the output signal VP of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer 3 pre-amplification circuits and the pre-amplification circuit of Cymbal array receiver is through synthetic received signal VR of adder summation, amplifying circuit shown in Figure 9, add follow-up automatic gain control circuit, band pass filter and amplifying circuit, can constitute complete receiving circuit.
Claims (4)
1. combined type ultrasonic transducer, comprise the i.e. outgoing cable (5) of sound window (2), piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3), backing (4), piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer of shell (1), matching layer, it is characterized in that it also comprises the Cymbal array receiver, the Cymbal array receiver is made up of outgoing cable (6), 8～16 Cymbal transducers (7), metal ring (8), (9) and the rubber washer (10) of Cymbal array receiver; The Cymbal array receiver is positioned on the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3); Piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3) transmits and receives ultrasonic signal as basic ultrasonic transducer by it; The Cymbal array receiver is positioned on the piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3), as ultrasonic receiver, is used to receive the doppler echo signal outside piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3) frequency band.
2. combined type ultrasonic transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3) adopts the PZT-5 piezoelectric of thickness direction polarization to make, diameter is Φ 90mm, and thickness is 12mm, operating frequency is 23.5kHz, and resonance impedance is about 500 Ω; The outgoing cable (5) of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer picks out from piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3), becomes first output signal and second output signal, links to each other with the drive circuit of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer (3).
3. combined type ultrasonic transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that Cymbal transducer in the described Cymbal array receiver what are relevant to the receiving sensitivity of echo with the size and the Cymbal transducer of piezoelectric ceramic disk transducer, the Cymbal transducer is many more, and receiving sensitivity is high more; The interior diameter of metal ring (8), (9) is Φ 94mm, and overall diameter is Φ 120mm, and annulus thickness is 1mm; Rubber washer fills up respectively in metal ring (8), the inboard of (9) outer toroid and the outside of interior annulus, and the Cymbal transducer is evenly distributed between the inside and outside annulus of the metal ring (8) that is lined with rubber washer (10), (9); The outgoing cable of Cymbal array receiver (6) is drawn from the Cymbal array receiver, links to each other with the receiving circuit of Cymbal array receiver.
4. combined type ultrasonic transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described Cymbal transducer (7) is made up of the piezoelectric ceramic disk (12) of one piece of thickness direction polarization of two big cymbals shape metal thin shells (11) clamping of upper and lower symmetry, wherein, bonding between big cymbals shape metal thin shell (11) and the piezoelectric ceramic disk (12) with epoxide-resin glue (13); The radius R of piezoelectric ceramic disk (12)
0Be 6mm, thickness is 1mm; Big cymbals shape metal thin shell (11) is that the high resiliency beryllium-bronze of 0.30mm is that the QBel.9 band is made with thickness; Big cymbals shape metal thin shell (11) outer rim radius equates with the radius of piezoelectric ceramic disk (12), also is 6mm, the bottom surface radius R of big cymbals shape metal thin shell (11)
1=5mm, the end face radius R
2=1.5mm, height H=0.4mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100321836A CN100411215C (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Combined type ultrasonic transducer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100321836A CN100411215C (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Combined type ultrasonic transducer |
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| CN1767225A CN1767225A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
| CN100411215C true CN100411215C (en) | 2008-08-13 |
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| CNB2005100321836A Expired - Fee Related CN100411215C (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Combined type ultrasonic transducer |
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| CN106481336B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2023-08-11 | 重庆博创声远科技有限公司 | Acoustic wave transmitting transducer and drill collar mounting structure thereof |
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| US11931776B2 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2024-03-19 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Actuator, method for manufacturing the actuator, and acoustic transmitter |
| CN111855806B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2023-07-21 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 | Ultrasonic detection method for brazing of generator bridging strands |
| CN112073884A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 西北工业大学 | PVDF-based clamping type transmitting transducer |
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| JP2001258097A (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-09-21 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | Ultrasonic wave transducer and its manufacturing method |
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