CN108788159A - A kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary hot-pressed sintering furnace - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary hot-pressed sintering furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN108788159A CN108788159A CN201810780850.6A CN201810780850A CN108788159A CN 108788159 A CN108788159 A CN 108788159A CN 201810780850 A CN201810780850 A CN 201810780850A CN 108788159 A CN108788159 A CN 108788159A
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150096839 Fcmr gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
It is cylinder type to assist hot-pressed sintering furnace, furnace body the invention discloses a kind of ultrasonic wave, and centre position is equipped with mold in furnace body, mould inside is sintering zone, sintering zone lower part is vibration base, and vibration base lower part is connected with push-down head, and push-down head lower part is connected with lower push-rod, the top of sintering zone is equipped with seaming chuck, seaming chuck is connected with upper ejector pin, and lower push-rod lower part connects amplitude transformer, and amplitude transformer connects ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic transducer connects supersonic generator, and a circle heater is equipped on the outside of sintering zone.The present invention is in addition, ultrasonic transducer signal directly connects, and interference is few, stable load, and control is accurate.The present invention has the function of jolt ramming powder in sintering process, reduces sintering temperature, purification crystal grain boundary, crystal grain thinning, improves crystal grain distribution uniformity, can efficiently obtain the sintered metal product that consistency is high, crystal grain is tiny, defect is few, performance is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to powder metallurgy sintering furnaces, can specially prepare high-compactness, fine grain, low defect, high-performance
A kind of ultrasonic wave of product assists hot-pressed sintering furnace.
Background technology
In commercial Application, in order to improve application of the refractory material under special operation condition, often pressure techniques, plasma are put
Power technology, microwave technology etc. are combined with sintering technology, form new sintering method, using these methods to the powder of refractory material
End is sintered, to ensure to obtain high performance sintered article.
Currently used sintering method has pressureless sintering, hot pressed sintering, discharge plasma sintering and HIP sintering etc..
All there is certain defect in these methods, the equipment as pressureless sintering method uses is relatively easy, but prepared sintered article
Compactness is poor, will produce that a large amount of stomata, crystal grain are coarseer in sintering process, and the mechanical property of end article is relatively low；Heat
Although pressure sintering process can improve the consistency of refractory material by impressed pressure, it improves limitation, while being sintered
Product in the problems such as there are Micro-v oid, coarse grain, uneven crystal grain distributions；Although discharge plasma sintering can shorten burning
It ties the time, but sintering temperature is to influence the main reason for crystal grain is grown up, it is limited to the control ability of Micro-v oid, coarse grain；
Although the densification of the material of HIP sintering method sintering is relatively high, its equipment manufacturing costs is high, to coarse grains crystal grain,
The control ability of crystal grain distribution uniformity shows slightly insufficient.
Ultrasonic technology is combined by the present invention with hot pressing and sintering technique, is formed ultrasound and is taught hot pressing sintering method, using super
The coupling of acoustic vibration field, sintering pressure field and sintering temperature field imitates Mohaupt effect, the cavitation of multiphase melt ultrasonic wave
Answer, turbulence effect, interfacial effect and perturbation effect are combined with the advantages of hot pressing and sintering technique, solve refractory material be difficult to be sintered
Densification, the problem of coarse grains, crystal grain distribution are uneven, product defect influences material mechanical performance more, it is intended to fine and close to prepare
Degree height, fine grain, low defect, high-performance infusibility product provide the guarantee in equipment.
Invention content
The present invention in order to solve to be difficult to be densified present in existing infusibility powder sintering, coarse grains, crystal grain distribution not
Uniformly, the problems such as more than Micro-v oid provide a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary hot-pressed sintering furnace.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：A kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary hot-pressed sintering furnace, including furnace body, furnace body
For cylinder type, centre position is equipped with mold in furnace body, and mould inside is sintering zone, and sintering zone lower part is vibration base, vibrates base
Seat lower part is connected with push-down head, and push-down head lower part is connected with lower push-rod, and the top of sintering zone is equipped with seaming chuck, and seaming chuck is connected with top
Bar, lower push-rod lower part connect amplitude transformer, and amplitude transformer connects ultrasonic transducer, and ultrasonic transducer connects supersonic generator, sintering
A circle heater is equipped on the outside of area.
Preferably, ultrasonic transducer be magnetostrictive transducer or PZT (piezoelectric transducer), working frequency 20kHz-100kHz,
Ultrasonic power and load time are controlled by supersonic generator, and supersonic generator generates and ultrasonic transducer working frequency
Matched electric signal.
Preferably, ultrasonic transducer includes shell, sound window, piezoceramic disc energy converter, backing, outgoing cable, array
Receiver, sealing ring, piezoelectric patches, sound-absorbing material composition, sound window is cone, and sound window is set to shell upper, is equipped in sound window
Piezoceramic disc energy converter, piezoceramic disc energy converter lower part connect outgoing cable, and outgoing cable connects array receiver,
Array receiver lower part is equipped with piezoelectric patches, and sound-absorbing material is set to outer casing underpart, and sealing ring is set to outer casing bottom and sound absorption material
Between material.
Preferably, amplitude transformer selects variable cross-section horn,stepped either exponential type amplitude transformer or conical horn.
Preferably, furnace body is equipped with vacuum system, and heater is isostatic pressed tubular graphite.
Preferably, inboard wall of furnace body is equipped with furnace lining, and furnace lining is graphite deposits fibrous composite.
Preferably, temperature measuring equipment is equipped in furnace body, temperature measuring equipment is optical fiber type double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.
The advantage of the invention is that structure of the invention reasonable design is reliable, pressure transmission is sintered by upper push-down head
Sintering pressure field is realized in the transmission of infusibility powder, is transferred heat to by heater and is sintered infusibility powder realization sintering temperature
, it is connected with amplitude transformer by lower push-rod and ultrasound energy transfer is realized into ultrasonic vibration field to infusibility powder is sintered, sintered
Densification, crystal grain refinement, the effusion of stomata and the crystal grain point for being sintered refractory material are realized in journey by three couplings
The homogenization of cloth；Ultrasonic transducer signal directly connects simultaneously, and interference is few, stable load, and control is more accurate, can arrange in pairs or groups a variety of
Amplitude transformer works, and copes with a variety of situations, and the upper and lower limit for height of amplitude range makes product quality more stablize；Temperature measuring equipment uses optical fiber
Formula double color infrared temperature measuring instrument directly measures sintering zone internal temperature, and data are directly and accurate, facilitate the control of system.The present invention
The densification of infusibility powder sintering, the refinement of the uniformity of crystal grain distribution, crystal grain can be effectively improved, obtained consistency height,
Fine grain, low defect, high performance sintered article.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that a kind of ultrasonic wave proposed by the present invention assists hot-pressed sintering furnace；
Fig. 2 is the ultrasonic transducer structures schematic diagram that a kind of ultrasonic wave proposed by the present invention assists hot-pressed sintering furnace.
In Fig. 1：1- furnace bodies, 2- molds, the sintering zones 3-, 4- vibration bases, 5- push-down heads, 6- lower push-rods, 7- seaming chucks, 8-
Upper ejector pin, 9- amplitude transformers, 10- ultrasonic transducers, 11- supersonic generators, 12- heaters.
In Fig. 2：101- shells, 102- sound windows, 103- piezoceramic disc energy converters, 104- backings, 105- outgoing cables,
106- array receivers, 107- sealing rings, 108- piezoelectric patches, 109- sound-absorbing materials.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to figure 1-2, the present invention is made further to explain with reference to specific embodiment.
A kind of ultrasonic wave assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, including furnace body 1, and furnace body 1 is cylinder type, and centre position is equipped in furnace body 1
Mold 2,2 inside of mold is sintering zone 3, and 3 lower part of sintering zone is vibration base 4, and 4 lower part of vibration base is connected with push-down head 5, is pushed
First 5 lower part is connected with lower push-rod 6, and the top of sintering zone 3 is equipped with seaming chuck 7, and seaming chuck 7 is connected with upper ejector pin 8, and 6 lower part of lower push-rod connects
Amplitude transformer 9 is connect, amplitude transformer 9 connects ultrasonic transducer 10, and ultrasonic transducer 10 connects supersonic generator 11,3 outside of sintering zone
Equipped with a circle heater 12.
Ultrasonic transducer 10 is magnetostrictive transducer or PZT (piezoelectric transducer), working frequency 20kHz-100kHz, ultrasound
Wave power and load time are controlled by supersonic generator 11, and supersonic generator 11 generates and the work frequency of ultrasonic transducer 10
The matched electric signal of rate.
Ultrasonic transducer 10 includes shell 101, sound window 102, piezoceramic disc energy converter 103, backing 104, draws electricity
Cable 105, array receiver 106, sealing ring 107, piezoelectric patches 108, sound-absorbing material 109 form, and sound window 102 is cone, sound window
102 are set to 101 top of shell, and piezoceramic disc energy converter 103, piezoceramic disc energy converter 103 are equipped in sound window 102
Lower part connects outgoing cable 105, and outgoing cable 105 connects array receiver 106, and 106 lower part of array receiver is equipped with piezoelectric patches
108, sound-absorbing material 109 is set to 101 lower part of shell, and sealing ring 107 is set between 101 bottom of shell and sound-absorbing material 109,
The energy converter of this structure can efficiently convert energy.
It is assumed that the central symmetry axis of amplitude transformer is x-axis, in small volume elements (section defined by x, x+dx) is acted on
Stress isIt using Newton's law, is derived, can must locate the kinetics equation of amplitude transformer theory：Wherein：S=S (x) is the cross-sectional area function of bar；ξ=ξ (x) is particle displacementFor stress function；ρ is the density of bar material；E is Young's modulus, in the case of in simple harmonic oscillation,
Above formula can be rewritten againThis formula is exactly the wave equation of bar of variable cross-section compressional vibration above,
Middle k2=ω2/c2, k is garden wave number, and ω is garden frequency,For spread speed of the longitudinal wave in thin stick, according to this side
Journey can calculate the displacement node and amplification coefficient of each type amplitude transformer.
Embodiment 1：The selection exponential type amplitude transformer of amplitude transformer 9, cross-sectional area of the amplitude transformer at coordinate origin (at x=0) are
S1, the cross-sectional area of (at x=l) is S2.And act on amplitude transformer input terminal (at x=0) and output end (at x=l) power and
Longitudinal vibrations speed is respectivelyWithTake exponential horn cross section be circular section when, the letter of circular section radius
Number is R=R1e-βx。
Wherein, in formulaN is area function,Simple harmonic quantity can be acquired
Vibration dynamics non trivial solution is：ξ=eβx(a1cos K'x+a2sin K'x)ejωt, wherein in formula,Strain
The expression formula of distribution can be write as：
And the boundary condition of amplitude transformer is that both ends are free：In boundary conditionThenAnd due toSo frequency can be obtained
Equation sinK'l=0 or K'l=n π n=1,2,3...,BecauseIt can be with
Obtain the spread speed of longitudinal wave in exponential hornBy above-mentioned formula it may be concluded that in index
In shape amplitude transformer, the spread speed of longitudinal wave is related with circular frequency, when meeting relationshipOrWhen, it must
Index shape ultrasonic amplitude transformer must be designed according to above formula, propagation of the sound wave in amplitude transformer could be realized, vibrational energy ability
Output end, convolution β=ln N/l are passed to from the input terminal of amplitude transformer, so that it may to calculate resonance length l：It can be calculated the Displacements Distribution equation of particle in an axial directionAs ξ=0, displacement node can be found outOr
Therefore exponential type amplitude transformer sphere of action is big, is suitable for the use of low-frequency ultrasonic waves.
Embodiment 2：Amplitude transformer 9 select conical horn, it is assumed that act on this conical horn both ends power and shake
Dynamic speed is respectivelyWithAnd a diameter of D of the amplitude transformer at coordinate origin (x=0)1, in the other end (x
=l) at a diameter of D2, the relationship S=S of function can be obtained1(1-αx)2, D=D1(1- α x), wherein in formula At this point, Solution of Wave Equations isIt can be calculatedIn conjunction with boundary condition
It can obtainOrRoot (Kl) can be found out0, by its generation
The resonance length of conical horn can be found out by entering following formulaWith boundary condition
It can determine constantThe displacement expression formula for obtaining particle isξ
=0, displacement node x can be calculated0：Amplification coefficientIt is suitable
Use for high-frequency ultrasonic.
Temperature measuring equipment 14 is equipped in furnace body 1, temperature measuring equipment is optical fiber type double color infrared temperature measuring instrument, directly measures sintering zone 3
Internal temperature, data are directly and accurate, facilitate the control of system；
Heater 12 is isostatic pressed tubular graphite, and heating effect is good, and service life is long, is reduced during sintering furnace use
Heater 12 replace number；
1 inner wall of furnace body is equipped with furnace lining 13, and furnace lining 13 is graphite deposits fibrous composite, makes the heat preservation of the entirety of furnace body 1
Performance is better.
The present invention realizes that the densification for being sintered refractory material, crystal grain are thin in sintering process by three couplings
Change, the homogenization of the effusion of stomata and crystal grain distribution；Ultrasonic transducer signal directly connects simultaneously, and interference is few, stable load, control
System is more accurate, and can arrange in pairs or groups a variety of amplitude transformers work, copes with a variety of situations, and the upper and lower limit for height of amplitude range makes product quality more
Stablize；Temperature measuring equipment uses optical fiber type double color infrared temperature measuring instrument, directly measures sintering zone internal temperature, and data are directly and accurate,
The densification of infusibility powder sintering, the refinement of the uniformity of crystal grain distribution, crystal grain can be effectively improved, obtained consistency height,
Fine grain, low defect, high performance sintered article.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultrasonic wave assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that including furnace body (1), the furnace body (1) is cylinder type, institute
It states furnace body (1) interior centre position and is equipped with mold (2), be sintering zone (3) inside the mold (2), sintering zone (3) lower part is
Vibration base (4), vibration base (4) lower part are connected with push-down head (5), and push-down head (5) lower part is connected with lower push-rod (6),
The top of the sintering zone (3) is equipped with seaming chuck (7), and the seaming chuck (7) is connected with upper ejector pin (8), lower push-rod (6) lower part
Connect amplitude transformer (9), amplitude transformer (9) the connection ultrasonic transducer (10), ultrasonic transducer (10) the connection ultrasonic wave hair
Raw device (11), sintering zone (3) outside are equipped with a circle heater (12).
2. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer
(10) it is magnetostrictive transducer or PZT (piezoelectric transducer), working frequency 20kHz-100kHz, ultrasonic power and load time
It is controlled by the supersonic generator (11), the supersonic generator (11) generates and ultrasonic transducer (10) working frequency
Matched electric signal.
3. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 2 assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer
(10) include shell (101), sound window (102), piezoceramic disc energy converter (103), backing (104), outgoing cable (105),
Array receiver (106), sealing ring (107), piezoelectric patches (108), sound-absorbing material (109) composition, the sound window (102) are circular cone
Shape, the sound window (102) are set to the shell (101) top, piezoceramic disc energy converter are equipped in the sound window (102)
(103), piezoceramic disc energy converter (103) the lower part connection outgoing cable (105), outgoing cable (105) connection
Array receiver (106), array receiver (106) lower part are equipped with piezoelectric patches (108), sound-absorbing material (109) setting
In shell (101) lower part, the sealing ring (107) be set to the shell (101) bottom and the sound-absorbing material (109) it
Between.
4. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that amplitude transformer (9) choosing
With variable cross-section horn,stepped either exponential type amplitude transformer or conical horn.
5. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that the heater (12) is
Isostatic pressed tubular graphite.
6. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that furnace body (1) inner wall
It is equipped with furnace lining (13), furnace lining (13) is graphite deposits fibrous composite.
7. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 assists hot-pressed sintering furnace, which is characterized in that set in the furnace body (1)
It is optical fiber type double color infrared temperature measuring instrument to have temperature measuring equipment (14), temperature measuring equipment, directly measures sintering zone (3) internal temperature.
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| CN201810780850.6A CN108788159A (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | A kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary hot-pressed sintering furnace |
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| CN201810780850.6A CN108788159A (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | A kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary hot-pressed sintering furnace |
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| CN108489260A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏星特亮科技有限公司 | Hot-pressing sintering device |
| CN109631567A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-16 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of ultrasonic auxiliary electric stream activated sintering furnace |
| CN109682202A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-26 | 清华大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave added direct current sintering furnace and sintering method |
| CN110076342A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-08-02 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of high-frequency vibration auxiliary current activated sintering furnace |
| CN110341231A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-18 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of axial ultrasonic auxiliary pressure setting and drawing method |
| CN113463014A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Neodymium iron boron magnet ultrasonic-assisted crystal boundary diffusion method and diffusion device |
| CN114161638A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Device and method for reducing die pressing defects of corner area of composite product |
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